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干旱是对农作物生长影响最大的非生物胁迫因子之一。在中国,干旱半干旱区占国土面积的50%,无灌溉条件的旱地占耕地总面积的52%[1],由于干旱造成的农作物产量损失几乎等同于其他所有环境因子所造成损失的总和[2]。近几十年,干旱胁迫现象急剧增加[3],提高作物的耐旱性或抗旱性成为备受关注的焦点。大量研究表明,植物的显微结构在干旱胁迫下发生明显变化,如叶表皮细胞变小,细胞壁加厚,叶肉栅栏组织增加,海绵组织相对减少,细胞间隙减小等,以此适应水分短缺环境[4-5]。张禄等[6]发现,干旱胁迫下豇豆Vigna unguiculata幼苗的心叶和成熟叶的显微结构都呈现出栅栏组织细胞失水、变形,排列紊乱,根的中柱细胞收缩、变形,皮层薄壁细胞萎缩、干瘪等现象。王顺才等[7]报道了干旱胁迫下3种苹果属Malus植物叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度及叶肉组织结构紧密度都显著减少,而海绵组织厚度与叶肉组织结构疏松度均显著增加。吴建慧等[8]研究干旱胁迫对绢毛委陵菜Potentilla sericea的影响时发现,随着干旱胁迫程度加剧,叶片栅栏组织和海绵组织均变薄,栅栏组织与海绵组织的比值大于未受干旱胁迫的对照植物。黄瓜Cucumis sativus是世界性的重要蔬菜作物,在中国蔬菜产业中占有重要地位,深受人们喜爱;黄瓜对水分变化敏感,干旱严重影响其生长、产量和品质。本研究通过在营养液中添加聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对黄瓜组织细胞结构的影响,以期为黄瓜耐旱品种筛选和抗旱栽培提供参考。
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