Alleviation of exogenous melatonin on rose seedlings under salt stress

LIU Zheng; HU Suntian; SHEN Xiaofei; ZHU Pei; CHU Xudong; LI Zhuoya; LUO Ping

doi:10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190604

Volume 37 Issue 5

Oct. 2020

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LIU Zheng, HU Suntian, SHEN Xiaofei, et al. Alleviation of exogenous melatonin on rose seedlings under salt stress[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(5): 957-962. DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190604

Citation:

LIU Zheng, HU Suntian, SHEN Xiaofei, et al. Alleviation of exogenous melatonin on rose seedlings under salt stress[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(5): 957-962. DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190604

Alleviation of exogenous melatonin on rose seedlings under salt stress

DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190604

1.
Forestry Bureau of Changxing County, Changxing 313100, Zhejiang, China
2.
Forest Farm of Changxing County, Changxing 313100, Zhejiang, China
3.
School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
4.
School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China

Received Date: 2019-10-14
Rev Recd Date: 2020-03-29

Available Online: 2020-10-10

Publish Date: 2020-08-20

Abstract

Objective To provide a theoretical basis for solving salt damage of rose, the effect of exogenous melatonin (MT) on the physiological characteristics of rose seedlings (Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’) with the NaCl stress was investigated. Method 90 d rose cutting seedlings were watered with 0, 5, 10 and 20 μmol·L⁻¹ melatonin of exogenous melatonin solution respectively for 5 days before they were treated with 20 d 200 mmol·L⁻¹ NaCl while the control group was treated with water to study the alleviation of exogenous melatonin on rose seedlings under salt stress with the physiological and biochemical indexes determined after the salt treatment. Result With the exposure to salt stress, rose seedlings with the alleviation of exogenous melatonin of different concentrations present a significant decrease in electrical conductivity and mass molar concentration of malondialdehyde(P＜0.05) while a significant increase in the content of soluble protein, proline and ascorbic acid (P＜0.05). In particular, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD)(P＜0.05)has been significantly promoted, which helps enhance the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species(ROS) under salt stress. Conclusion The exogenous melatonin treatment could enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increase the osmotic substance content to avoid lipid peroxidation and improve rose salt tolerant ability. [Ch, 3 fig. 21 ref.]
- plant physiology,
- Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’,
- melatonin,
- salt stress,
- alleviation

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农业生产中大量施用化肥，人为地增加了土壤的含盐量，使园艺作物受到盐害，导致产量、品质下降。因此，可通过改良土壤，或者提高植物耐盐性来解决产品质量下降的问题。盐胁迫可以引发植物体内盐分的过度积累，导致植物产生离子毒害、膜系统氧化损伤、渗透调节失衡，轻者影响花卉的品质，重者直接导致植株死亡^[1]。月季Rosa chinensis不仅是中国的传统名花，也是重要的切花材料，具有极高的市场价值^[2]。但在月季栽培过程中，盐胁迫往往会降低月季开花期、开花量，降低花香、花色等品质，导致月季不具有经济价值。褪黑素(melatonin, MT)属于吲哚杂环类化合物，其化学名是N-乙酰基-5甲氧基色胺，具有清除活性氧、自由基，维护细胞膜结构，降低过氧化物含量的功能^[3]。最近研究表明：外源褪黑素处理可以有效减轻盐胁迫对平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis的氧化胁迫伤害，增强苹果Malus domestica砧木的抗盐能力^[4]；同时外源褪黑素处理也可以提高番茄Solanum lycopersicum盐分胁迫下的果实品质^[5]和缓解盐分对猕猴桃Actinidia chinensis幼苗的伤害^[6]；对切花月季保鲜也具有积极的作用^[7]。但到目前为止，关于外源褪黑素处理对月季盐胁迫下生理特性还缺乏深入研究。本研究以中国古老月季‘月月粉’Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’为材料，采用根灌褪黑素的方法，分析测定盐胁迫下月季幼苗叶片生理指标的变化，探讨褪黑素影响月季苗盐胁迫响应的生理机制，为合理利用褪黑素，解决月季栽培中的盐害问题提供理论依据。

1. 材料与方法

1.1. 材料及处理

以中国古老月季‘月月粉’90 d扦插苗为材料，栽培基质为V(泥炭)∶V(椰壳)∶V(珍珠岩)=1∶1∶1，置于人工气候箱培养，光照时间为 16 h光照/8 h黑暗，培养温度为(23±2) ℃。研究共分5组，其中3组分别连续5 d在8:00对根部浇灌50 mL浓度分别为0、5、10和20 μmol·L⁻¹的褪黑素溶液，其余2组以清水为对照。在最后1次浇灌褪黑素溶液后的第2天开始盐胁迫处理。任选1组浇灌清水的植株作为空白对照(ck)，即继续浇灌清水，其余4组植株均每隔5 d浇灌50 mL浓度分别为200 mmol·L⁻¹的氯化钠，连续浇灌20 d。5个处理分别为清水(ck)、200 mmol·L⁻¹氯化钠(T)、5 μmol·L⁻¹褪黑素+200 mmol·L⁻¹氯化钠(S₁)、10 μmol·L⁻¹褪黑素+200 mmol·L⁻¹氯化钠(S₂)和20 μmol·L⁻¹褪黑素+200 mmol·L⁻¹氯化钠(S₃)，各处理6盆，重复3次。

1.2. 测定项目与方法

超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)法测定，过氧化物酶(POD)活性采用愈创木酚法测定，过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性采用紫外吸收法测定，丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定，可溶性蛋白质采用BCA法测定，抗坏血酸采用分光光度计法测定^[8]，相对电导率采用DDB-303A型电导率仪测定。

1.3. 数据分析

采用SAS软件进行方差分析(one-way ANOVA)，采用Duncan法进行多重比较分析(P＜0.05)。

3. 讨论

盐胁迫是影响植物生长发育的重要外界因素之一^[9]。近年来，褪黑素作为生理调节剂，对缓解植物在干旱、高温、低温、重金属等逆境下氧化胁迫伤害具有积极作用^[10−12]。本研究表明：外源褪黑素预处理可有效降低盐胁迫下月季苗叶片丙二醛质量摩尔浓度，增加抗坏血酸、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质质量分数，增强抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)的活性，从而缓解月季苗的盐分胁迫伤害。

正常植物细胞内的钠离子、钾离子与钙离子处于平衡状态，从而使细胞保持完整性和通透性^[13]。而一旦植物遭受盐分胁迫，通常会使细胞内钠离子浓度增加，打破离子平衡，迫使改变细胞的膜透性^[14]。此外，盐胁迫会诱导植物细胞积累大量的活性氧(ROS)，导致膜脂发生过氧化，产生MDA，破坏膜的通透性^[15]。本研究通过外源褪黑素处理，可以显著抑制盐胁迫条件下月季叶片MDA的积累(P＜0.05)，保护细胞膜的通透性。其作用机理可能是褪黑素作为一种信号分子，参与活性氧的清除，防止膜脂发生过氧化。

脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质是植物体内的重要渗透调节物质，在抵制活性氧的细胞伤害中具有积极的作用^[16]。植物体内的脯氨酸可以增强细胞原生质的亲水性，提高植物组织细胞的持水性，防止植物细胞脱水，保护细胞质膜的完整性。张娜等^[17]研究发现：在盐胁迫条件下外源褪黑素处理狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides种子，其发芽势和发芽率显著高于单独盐胁迫处理，且脯氨酸显著增加，因此盐胁迫所造成的渗透伤害显著降低。可溶性蛋白质的增加和积累能提高植物细胞的保水能力，对细胞的生命物质及生物膜起到保护作用^[18]。本研究表明：在盐胁迫条件下月季幼苗叶片中可溶性蛋白质质量分数降低，而外源褪黑素处理可以使叶片中可溶性蛋白质质量分数显著增加(P＜0.05)，这可能是因为褪黑素作为一种信号物质参与可溶性蛋白质的合成。

抗坏血酸作为植物体内重要的的抗氧化剂，在胁迫条件下能够抑制活性氧的形成和积累，缓解植物的胁迫伤害^[19]。本研究表明：褪黑素处理可以显著提高盐胁迫下月季幼苗叶片抗坏血酸质量分数(P＜0.05)。可能原因是外源褪黑素处理诱导抗坏血酸的合成，增加抗坏血酸质量分数，而抗坏血酸的增加可以提高月季清除活性氧的能力，避免脂质过氧化。综上所述，盐胁迫下外源褪黑素处理可以提高月季叶片抗坏血酸质量分数，增强月季耐盐性，缓解盐胁迫的伤害。

植物在逆境条件下，会积累大量活性氧(ROS)，从而导致细胞膜脂过氧化，对生物膜的结构和功能造成损伤。SOD、POD和CAT是植物体内重要的抗氧化酶，它们可以清除细胞内ROS，减少ROS的积累，防止脂质过氧化^[20]。高帆等^[21]发现：外源褪黑素处理可以增强盐胁迫下美味猕猴桃Aclinidia deliciosa苗抗氧化酶的活性，从而缓解盐胁迫伤害。本研究表明：外源褪黑素处理可以显著增加盐胁迫下月季叶片SOD、POD和CAT的活性(P＜0.05)，从而增强月季清除ROS的能力，缓解月季盐分胁迫伤害。可能因为外源褪黑素处理诱导激活抗氧化酶系统，使SOD、POD和CAT的活性大大增强，提高了月季的耐盐性。

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[2]	YAN Huijun, SHI Shaochuan, MA Nan, et al. Graft-accelerated virus-induced gene silencing facilitates functional genomics in rose flowers [J]. J Integrative Plant Biol, 2018, 60(1): 34 − 44.
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