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葫芦科Cucurbitaceae植物多为1年生爬藤植物,全球广泛分布,以热带和亚热带地区居多;葫芦科共有90属800余种,中国有26属130余种,以西南地区各省最为丰富[1]。葫芦科植物在农业生产中具有重要地位,其重要性仅次于禾本科Gramineae、豆科Leguminosae和茄科Solanaceae。葫芦科园艺作物为人类日常生活所需蔬菜和水果的重要来源,如黄瓜Cucumis sativus、南瓜Cucurbita moschata、丝瓜 Luffa cylindrica等重要蔬菜[2],西瓜Citrullus lanatus、甜瓜Cucumis melo等重要水果[3];此外,葫芦Lagenaria siceraria还与中国特殊文化息息相关。卷须是葫芦科植物重要的形态学特征,赋予其攀爬和附着能力,来获取更好的生存条件(如空间、光照等),但是,卷须与植物生长发育之间并没有直接的关联性。生产中,多为爬地或人工绑蔓栽培,卷须则成为消耗养分的多余器官。因此,卷须需人工摘除,一来减少养分消耗,防止卷须和果实之间的养分需求竞争;二来便于人工控制植物空间分布,防止因卷须造成的无序攀爬生长。卷须的摘除不仅增加劳动力成本,摘除后留下的伤口也为病菌滋生提供机会,因此,无卷须育种是满足设施园艺栽培需求的重要育种方向。卷须为植物特殊的触觉器官,适当的刺激即可导致渗透驱动的可逆缠绕,卷须缠绕可敏感地响应外界环境(光、温度)和内源信号(生长素、茉莉酸、钙离子)刺激,因此,卷须是研究特定条件刺激和植物快速应答的良好模型[4]。葫芦科植物卷须最近被确定为茎(侧枝)变态来源,且受关键基因TCP1调控[5],为植物卷须发生调控的标志性研究成果。伴随着葫芦科植物遗传转化体系和基因编辑技术的日趋成熟[6],实现无卷须精准编辑育种将成为可能。基于此,本研究对葫芦科园艺作物卷须变态来源、关键调控基因、卷须特异(或高量)表达基因、环境条件和内源激素调控卷须等方面的研究结果进行综述。
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