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近年来,分布格局研究成为生态学研究领域的热点问题[1-3]。自然状态下,各类植物种群通常并非均匀分布,而是依不同年龄、不同研究尺度呈斑块状分布,形成复杂的种群空间分布特征。这些分布特征是对种群自身生物学特性和外在生态环境的一种表达,并且反过来影响着种群的发展趋势[4]。种群的空间分布格局可以反映物种在群落中不同尺度下的分布类型或配置方式,同一物种在不同的生活史阶段、不同的生境条件也可能表现出完全不同的分布类型[5-7]。而且分布格局具有尺度依赖性,在一个尺度表现为聚集分布,在其他尺度则可能表现为均匀分布或随机分布[8]。一般来说,如果竞争对种群起着主要制约因素,种群趋向于均匀分布;如果生物学特性起主要作用,则大多为聚集分布;如果以上两者都不起决定性作用,种群一般表现为随机分布[4]。种内关联性可以分析种群不同生长阶段个体间的功能关系和相互作用[9]。空间正关联表明相互促进及互利的生态关系,空间负关联表明相互排斥及不利的生态关系,空间无关联则意味着个体间无明确的生态关系[10-11]。狭果秤锤树Sinojackia rehderiana为安息香科Styracaceae秤锤树属Sinojackia植物,仅间断分布于华南和华东,分布范围狭窄且个体数量少。狭果秤锤树性喜湿润的沟谷常绿阔叶林内,分布海拔较低,易受到人为干扰。生境破坏和自身种子萌发率低等原因导致分布范围逐渐变窄[12],有标本采集记录的有些产地已找不到该种的分布。目前,已有一些学者对其群落区系[13]、年龄结构和分布格局[14]、群落结构及更新[15]、种间联结性[16]、遗传印记[17]等方面做过研究,而关于种群空间格局和关联性研究则鲜有报道。本研究旨在为该群落和狭果秤锤树种群就地保护提供理论支持,为迁地保护种群空间配置提供建议。
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