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竹子为禾本科Gramineae竹亚科Bambusoideae多年生常绿植物。中国有竹子39属500多种,竹林面积641.16万hm2,资源十分丰富[1]。竹笋是竹林的重要产出,是中国传统森林蔬菜,深受国内外消费者青睐,也是中国大宗出口农产品,竹笋业已成为区域农村社会经济发展的支柱产业和农民增收致富的重要途径[2]。随着国内外市场对高品质竹笋需求量的日益增长,竹笋适口性已成为影响竹笋市场竞争力,制约竹笋经济价值的重要因素,提高或维持竹笋适口性是竹林经营的重要目标之一,也是提高竹林经济效益的重要途径。竹笋品质一直是竹子生物学生态学和竹林培育学的重要研究内容,国内外科技工作者开展了较多的相关研究,发现影响竹笋品质因素复杂众多,包括竹种[3-6]、地理[7-9]、气候[10-11]、土壤[12-14]、施肥[15-17]等,研究主要集中在竹笋外观品质和营养品质方面,而针对竹笋适口性的研究较为薄弱,一定程度上限制了竹笋品质改良技术研发及生产应用。为此,本研究综述了竹笋适口性评价的主要指标,竹笋适口性的种间差异、环境效应以及人工经营干扰影响等,并提出了今后竹笋适口性研究方向,旨在为高品质竹笋形成基础与改良技术研究和生产应用提供参考。
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