Effects of different fertilizer types on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient absorption and runoff loss in rice-vegetable rotation system

ZHANG Kun; XU Jian; LU Changgen; SHAO Jianjun; CAI Guangyue; ZHANG Yan; WU Jiasen

doi:10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200593

Volume 38 Issue 4

Aug. 2021

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Zhejiang A&F University > 2021 > 38(4): 784-791

ZHANG Kun, XU Jian, LU Changgen, SHAO Jianjun, CAI Guangyue, ZHANG Yan, WU Jiasen. Effects of different fertilizer types on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient absorption and runoff loss in rice-vegetable rotation system[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021, 38(4): 784-791. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200593

Citation:

ZHANG Kun, XU Jian, LU Changgen, SHAO Jianjun, CAI Guangyue, ZHANG Yan, WU Jiasen. Effects of different fertilizer types on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient absorption and runoff loss in rice-vegetable rotation system[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021, 38(4): 784-791. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200593

Effects of different fertilizer types on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient absorption and runoff loss in rice-vegetable rotation system

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200593

1.
College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
2.
Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Xianju, Xianju 317300, Zhejiang, China
3.
Rural Energy and Enviornmental Agency of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China

Received Date: 2020-09-13
Rev Recd Date: 2021-04-06

Available Online: 2021-08-09

Publish Date: 2021-08-20

Abstract

Obejective This study aims to explore the effect of different fertilization on nitrogen and phosphorus content in farmland in Xianju County, Zhejiang Province. Method A rice/Chinese cabbage rotation experiment was conducted to study the change of four fertilization treatments to crop yield, fertilizer absorption, runoff-driven N and P loss. The four treatments were no fertilizer application (ck), pure chemical fertilizer application (FP), 50% organic fertilizer replacement (CM) and carbon-based fertilizer application (CC). Result Compared with ck, the yield of rice and Chinese cabbage under three fertilization increased significantly by 33.5%−42.5% and 26.0%−31.8%, respectively. But there was no significant difference among three fertilizer treatments. Compared with ck, nitrogen absorption in Chinese cabbage increased by 33.8%−53.6%, whereas those of CM treatment were significant higher than others. Phosphorus absorption increased by 163.5%−267.8%, and the increase between different treatments was CM＞FP＞CC＞ck. However, there was no significant difference among each treatment (P＜0.05). For rice, runoff volume of nitrogen and phosphorus under three fertilization treatments was 13.49−15.32, 2.19−2.61 kg·hm⁻², and runoff rate was 3.5%−4.2%, 2.0%−2.4%, respectively. For Chinese cabbage, nitrogen and phosphorus loss was 6.33−6.82, and 0.35−0.44 kg·hm⁻², runoff rate was 1.3%−1.6%, 0.1%−0.4%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among three fertilization treatments.While maintaining the same nutrient equivalent. There was no significant difference betweenpure chemical fertilizer application, 50% organic fertilizer replacement and carbon-based fertilizer application. [Ch, 3 fig. 4 tab. 25 ref.]
- rice-vegetable rotation system,
- nitrogen,
- phosphorus,
- absorption,
- runoff water

Relative Article

[1]	YANG Jie. Effect of N and Si addition on phytolith-occluded organic carbon in Phyllostachys edulis . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2024, 41(2): 369-378. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20230460
[2]	LIU Yahui, XU Jin, LEI Lei, WAN Yi, ZENG Lixiong, XIAO Wenfa. Physiological and biochemical responses of seedling roots of Pinus massoniana to different phosphorus concentrations . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(1): 126-134. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220226
[3]	YANG Jun, WANG Zuhui, LI Ang, HU Bo. Heavy metal and phosphorus pollution characteristics and dredging depth in sediment of Wujin Port, Wuhan . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2022, 39(3): 653-661. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210467
[4]	CAI Yinmei, ZHANG Chengfu, ZHAO Qingxia, LI Xinying, HE Tengbing. Effect of simulated root exudates input on soil nitrogen transformation: a review . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021, 38(5): 916-925. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210293
[5]	FANG Chenlu, JIAN Yongqi, WU Jiasen, ZHANG Yan, LU Changgen, SHAO Jianjun, GUO Feifei, JIANG Peikun. Response of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and runoff loss in single cropping rice to different fertilization treatments . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021, 38(6): 1187-1194. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200724
[6]	YUAN Ya’nan, LI Zhengcai, WANG Bin, ZHANG Yujie, HUANG Shengyi. Stoichiometric characteristics of soil C, N and P in Torreya grandis stands of different ages . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021, 38(5): 1050-1057. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200761
[7]	CHU Shuyi, LAI Zhenggang, LI E, SHAO Jianlei, HUANG Zhida, XIAO Jibo. Water purification efficiency and resource utilization of three tuberous emergent aquatic plants . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(6): 1224-1229. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200124
[8]	XIAO Jibo, HUANG Zhida, CHEN Yuying, QU Qian, CHU Shuyi. Preparation and properties analysis of sediment ceramsite with high efficiency phosphorus removal . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2019, 36(2): 415-421. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.02.024
[9]	ZHANG Zhen, LIU Shenshen, HU Hongxiang, HE Jinling, MA Youhua, WANG Yifan, DAI Yuyu, XU Wei. Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland ditches using three aquatic plants . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2019, 36(1): 88-95. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.01.012
[10]	PEI Jianchuan, ZHANG Shuting, YANG Jinyan, ZHANG Jin. Nitrogen removal in landscape water bodies using a vertical ecological module in Yuhuang Shannan Fund Town . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(6): 987-996. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.06.001
[11]	WANG Ying, LU Rongjie, WU Jiasen, JIANG Peikun, TONG Zhipeng. Nitrogen and phosphorus loss in runoff and sediment for a closed zone of a Carya cathayensis stand . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(5): 802-809. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.05.003
[12]	ZHU Renhuan, LI Wei, ZHENG Zicheng, LI Tingxuan, HONG Yue, HE Qiujia, TIAN Zongqu. Ecological stoichiometry of soil C, N, and P for returning farmland to tea plantations . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2016, 33(4): 612-619. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2016.04.009
[13]	OU Jing, LIU Renyang, ZHANG Ren'ai, CHEN Duanyu, WANG Lijuan, CHEN Xun. Nitrate reductase activity and N absorption of Rhododendron annae seedlings with ericoid mycorrhiza inoculation . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2014, 31(6): 926-931. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2014.06.015
[14]	GUO Anna, GUI Renyi, SONG Ruisheng, PAN Yue, RONG Jieqing. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Phyllostachys violascens with phosphorus treatments . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2013, 30(1): 9-14. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2013.01.002
[15]	ZHAO Gui, DING Xiao-dong, WANG Rong-ping, LIAO Xin-rong, LI Shu-yi. Phosphorus absorption of two different Eucalyptus cultivars at different tree ages in the Leizhou Peninsula . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2012, 29(3): 407-411. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2012.03.013
[16]	ZHANG Yuan－yuan, DOU Chun－ying, YAO Fang1, YE Zheng－qian. Nitrogen application to enhance zinc and cadmium uptake by the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2010, 27(6): 831-838. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.06.005
[17]	SONG Zhao-liang, ZHU Zhao-zhou, YANG Cheng, WU Yong-feng. Mobility and enrichment of manganese and phosphorus during limestone weathering in the Wujiang Catchments of southwestern China . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2008, 25(6): 705-710.
[18]	FANG Li, YUYuan-chun, YUJian, ZHANG Ping-jiu, ZHUQiang-gen. Role of low molecular weight organic acids in mobilization of forest soil phosphorus . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2007, 24(1): 28-32.
[19]	JIANG Zong-kai. Dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus standing stocks in fine roots of Fokienia hodginsii and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2007, 24(1): 33-38.
[20]	ZHAN Wei-jun, YU You-xiang, CHENG Xiao-jian, WU Jia-sheng, ZHENG Bing-song. Photosynthetic characteristics and N, P, K contents of Cyclamen persicum during the summer dormancy stage . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2005, 22(2): 176-179.

References

[1]	MIN Ju, JI Rongting, WANG Xia, et al. Changes in planting structure and nitrogen and phosphorus loss loads of farmland in Taihu Lake region [J]. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2020, 28(8): 1230 − 1238.
[2]	GAO Chao, ZHANG Taolin, WU Weidong. Phosphorus sorption and desorption of agricultural soils under different land uses [J]. Environ Sci, 2001, 22(4): 67 − 72.
[3]	JIN Jie, YANG Jingping, SHI Hongxin, et al. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water body of a paddy field [J]. J Agro-Environ Sci, 2001, 22(4): 67 − 72.
[4]	WANG Jifeng. Studies on the Techniques for Controlling Nutrient Runoff Losses from Rice Fields and Soil Erosion from Nonwood Forests [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2017.
[5]	GUO Zhi, ZHOU Wei, CHEN Liugen, et al. Effect of pig manure application on surface runoff losses of soil nitrogen and phosphorus during the paddy season in intensive rice-wheat rotation field [J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2013, 27(6): 21 − 25, 61.
[6]	GUO Zhi, LIU Hongjiang, ZHANG Yuefang, et al. Effects of different fertilization modes on phosphorus (P) loss by surface runoffand apparent P balance in the vegetable-rice rotation fields of Taihu Lake Region, China [J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2019, 33(4): 102 − 109.
[7]	WU Weijun. Effect of Biochar on Rice Yield and Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Rice Field [D]. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2018.
[8]	CAI Yuanyuan, WANG Ruiqi, WANG Lili, et al. Effects of nitrogen amount and fertilization patterns on crop yield and nitrogen useefficiency on the North China Plain [J]. J Agric Resour Environ, 2020, 37(4): 503 − 510.
[9]	GAO Haiying, HE Xusheng, CHEN Xinxiang, et al. Effect of biochar and biochar-based ammonium nitrate fertilizers on soil chemical properties and crop yield [J]. J Agro-Environ Sci, 2012, 31(10): 1948 − 1955.
[10]	ZANG Qingbo, MA Xi, ZHANG Jingfeng, et al. Effect of biochar fertilizer on the yield traits of maize and rice [J]. J Northern Agric, 2019, 47(4): 61 − 65.
[11]	CHEN Xiangbi, HU Yajun, QIN Hongling, et al. Characteristics of soil nitrogen cycle and mechanisms underlying the increase in rice yield with partial substitution of mineral fertilizers with organic manure in a paddy ecosystem: a review [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2020, 31(3): 1033 − 1042.
[12]	QIAO Zhigang, CHEN Lin, LI Lianqing, et al. Effects of biochar fertilizer on growth and nitrogen utilizing rate of rice [J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2014, 30(5): 175 − 180.
[13]	XU Mengze, LIANG Min, LI Miaomiao, et al. Effect of combined application of biochar-based fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on yield and quality of lettuce [J]. J Agric, 2020, 10(7): 45 − 49.
[14]	LI Yue, YU Yalin, ZHANG Xin, et al. Effects of continuous application of biochar-based fertilizer and biocharon organic nitrogen fractions in brown soil [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2017, 36(10): 2903 − 2909.
[15]	LIU Qiqi. Effect of Straw Biochar based Fertilizer on Rice and Maize Growth and Grain Yield [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2017.
[16]	WANG Xinxia, ZUO Ting, WANG Xiaojun, et al. Comparative of two fertilization modes on crop yields and nitrogen/phosphorus runoff losses under rice-wheat rotation [J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2020, 34(3): 20 − 27.
[17]	DU Jiayin, RU Mei, NI Wuzhong. Effects of fertilization with reducing nitrogen, controlling phosphorus and stabilizing potassium on rice yield and nutrient accumulation [J]. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2013, 19(3): 523 − 533.
[18]	FAN Xinglu, YI Zili, LIU Fulai, et al. Effects of carbon-based compound fertilizer on nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium absorption and yield of Oryza sativa L. [J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2016, 32(24): 11 − 17.
[19]	ZHANG Meng, WEI Quanquan, XIAO Houjun, et al. Effects of different dosage of biochar-based fertilizer on quality and efficiency of hot pepper in Guizhou [J]. J Nucl Agric Sci, 2019, 33(7): 1457 − 1464.
[20]	MA Qian, JIANG Enchen, WANG Mingfeng, et al. Molding characteristics study of carbon-based biomass release fertilizer [J]. J Agric Mech Res, 2015(4): 242 − 246.
[21]	LI Yanmei, ZHANG Xingchang, LIAO Shangqiang, et al. Research progress on synergy technologies of carbon-based fertilizer and its application [J]. Trans Chin Soc Agric Mach, 2017, 48(10): 1 − 14.
[22]	LIU Hongjiang, CHEN Yuwen, SUN Guofeng, et al. Effects of different organic-inorganic fertilizer combination ratios onrice yield and nutrient loss with surface runoff [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2017, 36(2): 405 − 412.
[23]	GUO Zhi, XIAO Min, CHEN Liugen, et al. The characteristics of surface runoff losses of soil nitrogenand phosphorusduring rice season in intensiverice-wheat rotation field [J]. Ecol Environ Sci, 2010, 19(7): 1622 − 1627.
[24]	MA Huanhuan, ZHOU Jianbin, WANG Liujiang, et al. Straw carbon based fertilizer granulation molding optimization and its main properties [J]. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng, 2014, 30(5): 270 − 276.
[25]	LIU Hui, HU Mengtian, HAN Yongwei, et al. Effects of eight planting models on soil temperature, moisture and risk of nitrogen and phosphate by integrating non-point source pollution control [J]. Environ Ecol, 2019, 1(8): 28 − 34.

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Figures(3) / Tables(4)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views(858) PDF downloads(183) Cited by()

Proportional views

HTML

农田氮磷流失是农业面源污染的主要来源。农业生产中，肥料的不合理施用是农田氮磷流失的主要原因，肥料施用后未能被作物吸收的部分氮磷通过径流进入河流等水体，造成氮磷流失^[1]。因此，合理控制施肥量、调整肥料种类是减少氮磷流失的必要手段^[2-3]。在太湖、巢湖、滇池等农业集中区域开展的稻田养分流失研究^[4]表明：相比于习惯性施肥(化肥)，有机肥50%替代氮肥可减少稻季总氮(5.49%)、总磷(23.32%)径流流失量，显著降低菜-稻周年总磷径流流失量(45.66%)^[5]，而水稻Oryza sativa产量未显著下降^[6]。研究^[7]发现：随着生物质炭施用量的增加，农田径流氮磷流失降低；与纯化肥相比，总氮流失量减少1.77~6.96 kg·hm⁻²，流失率下降0.29~3.62%，总磷流失量减少0.32~0.51 kg·hm⁻²，流失率下降0.12~0.44%。与纯化肥或纯有机肥相比，有机肥和化肥配施可显著提高作物产量^[8]。生物质炭与肥料复合制成的生物质炭基肥可以改良土壤，促进作物生长和增产，提升农用效益^[9]。炭基肥施用对不同作物增产效益不同^[10]，可使玉米Zea mays增产10.02%~24.32%，水稻增产11.54%~13.00%。目前关于有机肥和炭基肥配施影响农田氮磷流失的研究较少，不同肥料对于农业面源污染的影响趋势尚不明确。本研究拟探讨在相同氮磷施用条件下，纯化肥、半替代有机肥、炭基肥3种不同肥料施用对水稻-白菜Brassica pekinensis养分吸收及氮磷流失的影响，为控制农业面源污染提供参考。

3. 讨论

3.1. 不同施肥处理对作物产量及氮磷吸收的影响

有机肥部分替代化肥可以改善土壤氮素供给状态，促进作物对氮素的吸收，达到增产目的^[11]。生物质炭基肥可以有效控制水稻的无效分蘖，有利于提高水稻群体质量^[12]和作物净光合速率^[13]；连续施入炭基肥及生物质炭还可有效提高土壤铵态氮含量^[14]，从而提高水稻产量。本研究表明：3种施肥处理下作物产量无显著差异，主要原因应为试验地土壤氮磷含量较高。3种施肥处理对水稻增产效果显著优于对白菜增产效果，与刘琪琪^[15]研究肥料对不同作物增产效果不同的结果一致。

作物的养分含量及积累量可以反映土壤的供肥能力。与对照相比，3种施肥处理作物地上部分氮磷吸收量显著提高，说明施肥对维持作物生长，满足作物营养需求效果显著，这与王新霞等^[16]、杜加银等^[17]研究结果相似。3种施肥处理下作物地上部氮磷吸收量无显著差异，这与范星露等^[18]研究结果相似。

半替代有机肥的氮利用率显著高于纯化肥和炭基肥，炭基肥的磷利用率显著低于纯化肥和半替代有机肥，这与张萌等^[19]发现生物质炭基肥肥料利用率高于常规施肥的结果不符，主要原因在于炭基肥制备过程中，不同碳氮比影响了炭基肥的缓释效果^[20-21]，造成磷的利用显著低于其他处理，具体影响还有待于相关的试验研究。

3.2. 不同施肥对径流氮磷流失的影响

稻季首次径流，CC处理的氮磷质量浓度显著高于其他处理(P＜0.05)，第2次径流，FP、CM处理的氮磷质量浓度显著高于CC(P＜0.05)，显著高于首次径流(P＜0.05)。主要原因是施肥处理方式和施肥时间不同；CC处理的氮磷肥于6月6日一次性施入，单次施肥量过大，是首次径流水中氮磷质量浓度显著高于其他处理的原因，而FP、CM处理于6月21日追肥，6月26日产生的径流水中氮磷质量浓度达到峰值且显著高于CC。提示炭基肥应当视情况斟酌施入，以避免大径流造成养分流失。

3种不同施肥方案通过径流形式流失的氮磷总量无显著差异。刘红江等^[22]发现：有机-无机配施可以减少氮磷流失量，但有机-无机配施在达到一定比例后，氮磷流失量随肥料中有机占比提高而增加，过高的有机投入同样会增加氮磷流失的风险。本研究中，炭基肥为单次施入，当首次极大径流出现时，高质量浓度的炭基肥并不能减少农田氮磷流失。研究区夏季多暴雨，径流产生频繁，施肥后如遇强降雨，会引起养分大量流失^[23]。因此需要根据气象条件，选择合适的施肥时间。

与纯化肥相比，半替代有机肥、炭基肥在制备时使用秸秆等废弃物，可以有效回收部分通过植物废弃物流失的氮磷，减少面源污染。目前符合国家标准的炭基肥中，秸秆炭质量分数约16%^[24]，同时炭基肥原料丰富，作物秸秆及动物粪便均可使用^[21]。因此尽管对径流流失量影响不大，但半替代有机肥、炭基肥对减少氮磷流失更有利，与刘辉等^[25]推算优化施肥下氮磷潜在流失量低于习惯性化肥施肥，氮潜在流失率大于磷潜在流失率的结果相似。

4. 结论

相同养分当量投入下，纯化肥、半替代有机肥、炭基肥对作物氮、磷吸收和肥料利用率无显著差异；3种肥料施用后农田中氮磷径流流失量和流失率的差异也不显著。相同氮磷量投入下，3种肥料对农田氮磷流失影响结果差异不显著。

Reference (25)

[1]	闵炬, 纪荣婷, 王霞, 等. 太湖地区种植结构及农田氮磷流失负荷变化[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2020, 28(8): 1230 − 1238.	MIN Ju, JI Rongting, WANG Xia, et al. Changes in planting structure and nitrogen and phosphorus loss loads of farmland in Taihu Lake region [J]. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2020, 28(8): 1230 − 1238.
[2]	高超, 张桃林, 吴蔚东. 不同利用方式下农田土壤对磷的吸持与解吸特征[J]. 环境科学, 2001, 22(4): 67 − 72.	GAO Chao, ZHANG Taolin, WU Weidong. Phosphorus sorption and desorption of agricultural soils under different land uses [J]. Environ Sci, 2001, 22(4): 67 − 72.
[3]	金洁, 杨京平, 施洪鑫, 等. 水稻田面水中氮磷素的动态特征研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2001, 22(4): 67 − 72.	JIN Jie, YANG Jingping, SHI Hongxin, et al. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water body of a paddy field [J]. J Agro-Environ Sci, 2001, 22(4): 67 − 72.
[4]	王季丰. 稻田养分流失和经济林水土流失控制技术的研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2017.	WANG Jifeng. Studies on the Techniques for Controlling Nutrient Runoff Losses from Rice Fields and Soil Erosion from Nonwood Forests [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2017.
[5]	郭智, 周炜, 陈留根, 等. 施用猪粪有机肥对稻麦两熟农田稻季养分径流流失的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2013, 27(6): 21 − 25, 61.	GUO Zhi, ZHOU Wei, CHEN Liugen, et al. Effect of pig manure application on surface runoff losses of soil nitrogen and phosphorus during the paddy season in intensive rice-wheat rotation field [J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2013, 27(6): 21 − 25, 61.
[6]	郭智, 刘红江, 张岳芳, 等. 不同施肥模式对菜-稻轮作农田土壤磷素径流损失与表观平衡的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019, 33(4): 102 − 109.	GUO Zhi, LIU Hongjiang, ZHANG Yuefang, et al. Effects of different fertilization modes on phosphorus (P) loss by surface runoffand apparent P balance in the vegetable-rice rotation fields of Taihu Lake Region, China [J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2019, 33(4): 102 − 109.
[7]	吴蔚君. 生物炭对水稻产量及稻田氮磷流失影响[D]. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2018.	WU Weijun. Effect of Biochar on Rice Yield and Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Rice Field [D]. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2018.
[8]	蔡媛媛, 王瑞琪, 王丽丽, 等. 华北平原不同施氮量与施肥模式对作物产量与氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2020, 37(4): 503 − 510.	CAI Yuanyuan, WANG Ruiqi, WANG Lili, et al. Effects of nitrogen amount and fertilization patterns on crop yield and nitrogen useefficiency on the North China Plain [J]. J Agric Resour Environ, 2020, 37(4): 503 − 510.
[9]	高海英, 何绪生, 陈心想, 等. 生物炭及炭基硝酸铵肥料对土壤化学性质及作物产量的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(10): 1948 − 1955.	GAO Haiying, HE Xusheng, CHEN Xinxiang, et al. Effect of biochar and biochar-based ammonium nitrate fertilizers on soil chemical properties and crop yield [J]. J Agro-Environ Sci, 2012, 31(10): 1948 − 1955.
[10]	臧清波, 马玺, 张静峰, 等. 生物质炭基肥对玉米和水稻产量性状的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2019, 47(4): 61 − 65.	ZANG Qingbo, MA Xi, ZHANG Jingfeng, et al. Effect of biochar fertilizer on the yield traits of maize and rice [J]. J Northern Agric, 2019, 47(4): 61 − 65.
[11]	陈香碧, 胡亚军, 秦红灵, 等. 稻作系统有机肥替代部分化肥的土壤氮循环特征及增产机制[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(3): 1033 − 1042.	CHEN Xiangbi, HU Yajun, QIN Hongling, et al. Characteristics of soil nitrogen cycle and mechanisms underlying the increase in rice yield with partial substitution of mineral fertilizers with organic manure in a paddy ecosystem: a review [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2020, 31(3): 1033 − 1042.
[12]	乔志刚, 陈琳, 李恋卿, 等. 生物质炭基肥对水稻生长及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(5): 175 − 180.	QIAO Zhigang, CHEN Lin, LI Lianqing, et al. Effects of biochar fertilizer on growth and nitrogen utilizing rate of rice [J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2014, 30(5): 175 − 180.
[13]	徐孟泽, 梁敏, 李苗苗, 等. 炭基肥与化肥配施对生菜产量与品质的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2020, 10(7): 45 − 49.	XU Mengze, LIANG Min, LI Miaomiao, et al. Effect of combined application of biochar-based fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on yield and quality of lettuce [J]. J Agric, 2020, 10(7): 45 − 49.
[14]	李玥, 余亚琳, 张欣, 等. 连续施用炭基肥及生物炭对棕壤有机氮组分的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(10): 2903 − 2909.	LI Yue, YU Yalin, ZHANG Xin, et al. Effects of continuous application of biochar-based fertilizer and biocharon organic nitrogen fractions in brown soil [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2017, 36(10): 2903 − 2909.
[15]	刘琪琪. 秸秆生物质炭基肥对水稻和玉米生长及产量的影响[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2017.	LIU Qiqi. Effect of Straw Biochar based Fertilizer on Rice and Maize Growth and Grain Yield [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2017.
[16]	王新霞, 左婷, 王肖君, 等. 稻-麦轮作条件下2种施肥模式作物产量和农田氮磷径流流失比较[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(3): 20 − 27.	WANG Xinxia, ZUO Ting, WANG Xiaojun, et al. Comparative of two fertilization modes on crop yields and nitrogen/phosphorus runoff losses under rice-wheat rotation [J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2020, 34(3): 20 − 27.
[17]	杜加银, 茹美, 倪吾钟. 减氮控磷稳钾施肥对水稻产量及养分积累的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(3): 523 − 533.	DU Jiayin, RU Mei, NI Wuzhong. Effects of fertilization with reducing nitrogen, controlling phosphorus and stabilizing potassium on rice yield and nutrient accumulation [J]. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2013, 19(3): 523 − 533.
[18]	范星露, 易自力, 刘福来, 等. 炭基复混肥料对水稻氮磷钾吸收及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(24): 11 − 17.	FAN Xinglu, YI Zili, LIU Fulai, et al. Effects of carbon-based compound fertilizer on nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium absorption and yield of Oryza sativa L. [J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2016, 32(24): 11 − 17.
[19]	张萌, 魏全全, 肖厚军, 等. 不同用量专用生物炭基肥对贵州朝天椒提质增效的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2019, 33(7): 1457 − 1464.	ZHANG Meng, WEI Quanquan, XIAO Houjun, et al. Effects of different dosage of biochar-based fertilizer on quality and efficiency of hot pepper in Guizhou [J]. J Nucl Agric Sci, 2019, 33(7): 1457 − 1464.
[20]	马谦, 蒋恩臣, 王明峰, 等. 生物质炭基缓释肥的成型特性研究[J]. 农机化研究, 2015(4): 242 − 246.	MA Qian, JIANG Enchen, WANG Mingfeng, et al. Molding characteristics study of carbon-based biomass release fertilizer [J]. J Agric Mech Res, 2015(4): 242 − 246.
[21]	李艳梅, 张兴昌, 廖上强, 等. 生物炭基肥增效技术与制备工艺研究进展分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2017, 48(10): 1 − 14.	LI Yanmei, ZHANG Xingchang, LIAO Shangqiang, et al. Research progress on synergy technologies of carbon-based fertilizer and its application [J]. Trans Chin Soc Agric Mach, 2017, 48(10): 1 − 14.
[22]	刘红江, 陈虞雯, 孙国峰, 等. 有机肥-无机肥不同配施比例对水稻产量和农田养分流失的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(2): 405 − 412.	LIU Hongjiang, CHEN Yuwen, SUN Guofeng, et al. Effects of different organic-inorganic fertilizer combination ratios onrice yield and nutrient loss with surface runoff [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2017, 36(2): 405 − 412.
[23]	郭智, 肖敏, 陈留根, 等. 稻麦两熟农田稻季养分径流流失特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(7): 1622 − 1627.	GUO Zhi, XIAO Min, CHEN Liugen, et al. The characteristics of surface runoff losses of soil nitrogenand phosphorusduring rice season in intensiverice-wheat rotation field [J]. Ecol Environ Sci, 2010, 19(7): 1622 − 1627.
[24]	马欢欢, 周建斌, 王刘江, 等. 秸秆炭基肥料挤压造粒成型优化及主要性能[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(5): 270 − 276.	MA Huanhuan, ZHOU Jianbin, WANG Liujiang, et al. Straw carbon based fertilizer granulation molding optimization and its main properties [J]. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng, 2014, 30(5): 270 − 276.
[25]	刘辉, 胡梦甜, 韩永伟, 等. 8种面源污染防治种植模式对土壤温度、湿度和氮磷流失风险的影响[J]. 环境生态学, 2019, 1(8): 28 − 34.	LIU Hui, HU Mengtian, HAN Yongwei, et al. Effects of eight planting models on soil temperature, moisture and risk of nitrogen and phosphate by integrating non-point source pollution control [J]. Environ Ecol, 2019, 1(8): 28 − 34.

处理	水稻季/(kg·hm⁻²)		白菜季/(kg·hm⁻²)
处理	基肥(2019年6月5日)	追肥(2019年6月23日)	基肥(2019年10月23日)	追肥(2020年1月5日)
ck	0	0	0	0
FP	配方肥750.0，钙镁磷肥125.0	尿素290.3，氯化钾24.3	配方肥450.0，钙镁磷肥127.1	尿素225.0，氯化钾34.7
CM	菜籽饼2700.0，钙镁磷肥62.5	尿素290.3，氯化钾198.4	菜籽饼1620.0，钙镁磷肥42.7	尿素225.0，氯化钾135.6
CC	炭基肥1500.0		炭基肥1025.0
说明：配方肥m(N)∶m(P₂O₅)∶m(K₂O)=18∶8∶18；菜籽饼肥m(N)∶m(P₂O₅)∶m(K₂O)=10∶5∶2；炭基肥m(N)∶m(P₂O₅)∶m(K₂O)∶m(C) =　　　　　18∶5∶10∶25；氯化钾中K₂O质量分数为62%；尿素中N质量分数为46%；钙镁磷肥中P₂O₅质量分数为12%

处理	pH	有机质/(g·kg⁻¹)	全氮/(g·kg⁻¹)	全磷/(g·kg⁻¹)	碱解氮/(mg·kg⁻¹)	有效磷/(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效钾/(mg·kg⁻¹)
ck	5.04±0.22 a	44.50±1.10 a	2.76±0.05 a	0.49±0.04 a	94.50±9.83 b	16.10±1.36 b	76.10±7.77 b
FP	4.97±0.13 a	45.00±3.71 a	2.81±0.32 a	0.48±0.02 a	101.30±13.11 a	22.70±2.98 a	88.45±18.17 a
CM	5.07±0.24 a	45.10±1.12 a	2.78±0.16 a	0.48±0.02 a	98.60±15.67 a	20.30±3.00 a	81.60±14.57 ab
CC	4.91±0.20 a	43.00±4.43 a	2.80±0.15 a	0.50±0.02 a	104.30±15.18 a	20.60±2.26 a	91.35±16.37 a
说明：数据为平均值±标准差；同列不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)

处理	稻季		菜季		全季
处理	氮/%	磷/%	氮/%	磷/%	氮/%	磷/%
FP	13.01±0.98 a	8.39±1.04 b	14.32±1.53 b	38.84±1.65 a	13.85±1.97 b	27.66±2.11 a
CM	16.83±1.03 a	13.24±1.12 a	22.02±1.27 a	31.57±1.37 b	19.72±1.45 a	22.44±1.67 b
CC	11.76±0.96 a	7.23±0.88 b	13.94±1.07 b	23.71±1.41 c	13.17±1.08 b	16.85±1.37 c
说明：数据为平均值±标准差；同列不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)

种植模式	施肥处理	氮		磷
种植模式	施肥处理	流失量/(kg·hm⁻²)	径流率/%	流失量/(kg·hm⁻²)	径流率/%
稻季	FP	14.24±0.86 a	3.81±0.92 a	2.33±0.64 a	2.11±0.68 a
	CM	13.49±0.64 a	3.53±0.79 a	2.19±0.62 a	2.04±0.94 a
	CC	15.32±1.01 a	4.18±0.88 a	2.61±0.89 a	2.37±0.83 a
菜季	FP	6.33±0.46 a	1.31±0.21 a	0.44±0.21 a	0.39±0.11 a
	CM	6.51±0.87 a	1.49±0.37 a	0.35±0.13 a	0.09±0.07 a
	CC	6.82±0.72 a	1.62±0.48 a	0.36±0.17 a	0.21±0.09 a
说明：数据为平均值±标准差；同列相同字母表示稻季或菜季不同处理间差异不显著(P＞0.05)