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雷竹Phyllostachys violascens又称早园竹,属禾本科Poaceae刚竹属Phyllostachys,具有出笋早、笋期长、产量高、笋味美等特点,是优良的笋用竹种[1]。自20世纪90年代以来,许多雷竹产区利用砻糠等有机材料进行覆盖栽培,使雷竹出笋提前至春节前,极大提高了雷竹的经济效益[2]。但随着雷竹覆盖栽培年限的增加,雷竹林出现了退化现象,从而限制了雷竹林的可持续发展[3]。因此,为了寻找一种新的方法或优化现有的覆盖增温技术,需要充分了解雷竹笋芽休眠解除的进程。
温度对植物休眠的诱导和解除具有重要的作用,不同植物的休眠解除对温度的需求不同[4]。如百合属Lilium植物休眠解除需要在2 ℃冷藏6~8周[5];李属Prunus植物休眠解除和恢复生长需要6~9 ℃的冷量积累1 000 h[6]。目前,对植物休眠的研究集中在落叶树种。这些植物与竹子不同,它们的芽直接暴露在低温环境下感受低温对其休眠解除带来的影响。雷竹主要通过地下抽鞭发芽,并生长繁殖成林。因此雷竹的侧芽其实是在土壤中完成发育生长,并最终出土成笋,而同时期的土壤和环境温度存在较大差异。因此,雷竹是像落叶树一样由环境低温诱导芽休眠解除,还是由直接接触鞭侧芽的土温诱导尚不清楚。
为了探究笋芽休眠解除过程中雷竹对低温的主要感应部位是地上部分还是地下部分,本研究通过对雷竹盆栽苗不同部位(地下和地上部分)的低温处理,比较各个处理雷竹笋芽休眠进程中相关生理指标的变化规律和差异,探究不同部位低温处理对雷竹笋芽休眠解除的影响,为提高雷竹林经营效率和优化雷竹林覆盖栽培技术提供理论参考。
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