On the diversity and stability of forest communities in Wudalianchi Volcanoes
-
摘要:
目的 五大连池完好的内陆单成因火山地貌，原生而完整的植被演替过程，是研究植被演替与生物多样性系统发育等的理想场所。研究五大连池火山森林群落物种多样性与稳定性特征，以及群落物种多样性与稳定性关系，为五大连池火山森林植被的演替、恢复与可持续发展提供科学依据。 方法 以4座老期火山森林群落为对象，对群落结构数量特征、群落内乔木、灌木和草本层物种多样性指数、群落年龄结构及紫椴Tilia amurensis和蒙古栎Quercus mongolica种群的年龄结构进行了研究。 结果 ①各山体森林群落的乔木层和灌木层物种数北坡较南坡丰富。总体来看，重要值≥1的树种仅南坡有1种，群落树种组成简单。②各山体整体上北坡群落物种的Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener指数从大到小依次为乔木层、草本层、灌木层，Simpson指数和Pielou指数从大到小依次为乔木层、灌木层、草本层；南坡群落物种的各种多样性指数从大到小依次草本层、乔木层、灌木层。③森林群落的年龄结构南北坡向都是稳定型，紫椴和蒙古栎种群的年龄结构也都是稳定型，为稳定群落。④北坡乔木层和灌木层的物种多样性指数高于南坡，而草本层的多样性指数低于南坡，同时南北坡向间群落物种多样性各指数呈极显著(P＜0.01)或显著差异(P＜0.05)，且变异系数都较大。 结论 五大连池老期火山森林群落结构较简单，北坡群落物种多样性较高，且群落稳定状态更好。图6表4参31 Abstract:Objective Wudalianchi Volcanoes, with its intact inland monogenetic volcanic landform and a complete vegetation succession process, is an ideal place to research matters like vegetation succession and the development of biodiversity system development. With a survey conducted of the species diversity and stability of forest community as well as the relationship between species diversity and stability, this study is an attempt to provide scientific basis for the succession, restoration and sustainable development of forest vegetation in Wudalianchi Volcanoes. Method Targeting at four old volcanic forest communities, the study has mainly investigated the quantitative characteristics of community structure, the species diversity of the tree, shrub and herb layer, the age structure of community and the age structure of Tilia amurensis and Quercus mongolica populations. Result (1) The number of species in the tree and shrub layer of each mountain forest community was bigger on the north slope than that on the south slope: with only one species with an important value≥1 found on the south slope, the composition species of the whole community showed little complexity. (2) On the north slope, the Margalef index and the Shannon-Wiener index of the tree and herb layer are larger than those of the shrub layer while the Simpson index and the Pielou index of the tree and shrub layer are larger than those of the herb layer yet on the south slope, all species diversity indexes of the herb and tree layer are larger than those of the shrub layer. (3) The age structure of forest community was stable on both north and south slopes, so was the age structure of T. amurensis and Q. mongolica populations, which indicated the stability of the communities. (4) On the north slope, the species diversity of the tree and shrub layer are bigger than that of the south slope, while that of the herb layer is smaller than that of the south slope. Moreover, the species diversity of the communities on the north and south slopes show either extremely significant or significant differences, with a large coefficient of variation. Conclusion The community structure of the old volcanic forest in the Wudalianchi Volcanoes was simple and the north slope enjoyed a bigger species diversity and higher community stability when compared with the south slope. [Ch, 6 fig. 4 tab. 31 ref.] -
Key words:
- forest ecology /
- Wudalianchi Volcano /
- forest community /
- species diversity /
- age structure /
- community stability
-
图 1 五大连池火山北坡森林群落物种多样性特征
Figure 1 Diversity index of forest communities in north slope of Wudalianchi Volcanos
图 2 五大连池火山南坡森林群落物种多样性特征
Figure 2 Diversity index of forest communities in south slope of Wudalianchi Volcanos
图 3 五大连池火山北坡森林群落的年龄结构
Figure 3 Age structure of forest communities in north slope of Wudalianchi Volcanos
图 4 五大连池火山北坡紫椴的年龄结构
Figure 4 Age structure of T. amurensis in north slope of Wudalianchi Volcanos
图 5 五大连池火山南坡森林群落的年龄结构
Figure 5 Age structure of forest communities in south slope of Wudalianchi Volcanos
图 6 五大连池火山南坡蒙古栎的年龄结构
Figure 6 Age structure of Q. mongolica in north slope of Wudalianchi Volcanos
表 1 五大连池火山森林群落的环境特征和数量特征
Table 1. Characteristics of the quantitative and environment of forest communities in Wudalianchi Volcanos
研究区 喷发时间/万a 海拔/m 坡向 乔木层 灌木层 草本层 盖度/% 种数 盖度/% 种数 盖度/% 种数 东焦得布山 17~19 531.9 北 60±13 10±1 50±16 12±1 20±4 24±3 南 70±13 6±1 15±6 6±1 30±3 37±2 小孤山 28~34 453.5 北 70±7 5±1 25±2 9±1 5±2 11±1 南 80±2 5±1 10±4 5±1 15±5 23±1 尾山 40~50 516.6 北 75±4 8±1 45±12 7±1 25±12 28±7 南 80±0 4±1 20±6 5±0 20±3 17±3 南格拉球山 70~80 596.9 北 65±0 10±1 40±12 7±1 20±3 14±3 南 60±6 3±1 10±3 4±1 30±9 23±1 说明：盖度和种数为群落内各样方的平均值±标准差 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 五大连池火山森林群落多样性指数的方差分析和变异系数
Table 2. One-way ANOVA and variation coefficient of the diversity index of forest communities in Wudalianchi Volcanoes
多样性指数 层次 北坡 南坡 南北坡间 平均值 F P 变异系数 平均值 F P 变异系数 F P 变异系数 Margalef指数 乔木层 1.087±0.076 8.436 0.007** 0.234 0.443±0.080 0.235 0.869 0.188 34.135 0.000** 0.505 灌木层 0.588±0.039 0.871 0.495 0.125 0.196±0.058 0.472 0.711 0.455 32.885 0.000** 0.579 草本层 0.644±0.181 4.220 0.046* 0.843 0.899±0.117 3.369 0.084 0.354 1.347 0.259 0.563 Simpson指数 乔木层 0.688±0.027 2.639 0.121 0.107 0.212±0.048 0.097 0.959 0.160 78.882 0.000** 0.573 灌木层 0.432±0.041 1.155 0.385 0.200 0.160±0.049 0.701 0.581 0.562 18.448 0.000** 0.577 草本层 0.409±0.070 3.849 0.057 0.506 0.611±0.038 2.252 0.170 0.154 6.020 0.023* 0.359 Shannon-
Wiener指数乔木层 1.342±0.074 4.687 0.036* 0.168 0.391±0.077 0.080 0.969 0.127 79.321 0.000** 0.611 灌木层 0.716±0.073 1.156 0.384 0.216 0.244±0.073 0.616 0.626 0.526 20.742 0.000** 0.609 草本层 0.750±0.160 3.306 0.078 0.605 1.193±0.110 4.108 0.056 0.264 5.020 0.036* 0.443 Pielou指数 乔木层 0.834±0.026 0.987 0.447 0.063 0.353±0.057 0.116 0.948 0.121 62.497 0.000** 0.443 灌木层 0.728±0.049 1.204 0.369 0.147 0.306±0.091 0.746 0.558 0.582 17.356 0.000** 0.527 草本层 0.615±0.087 3.958 0.053 0.418 0.809±0.026 0.446 0.727 0.044 4.234 0.052 0.280 说明：*表示差异显著(P＜0.05)；**表示差异极显著(P＜0.01)。
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 五大连池火山森林群落层次间多样性指数的相关系数
Table 3. Correlation coefficients of the diversity index between forest community layers in Wudalianchi Volcanos
坡向 Margalef指数 Simpson指数 Shannon-Wiener 指数 Pielou指数 乔木层-
灌木层乔木层-
草本层灌木层-
草本层乔木层-
灌木层乔木层-
草本层灌木层-
草本层乔木层-
灌木层乔木层-
草本层灌木层-
草本层乔木层-
灌木层乔木层-
草本层灌木层-
草本层北 0.493 0.312 0.117 −0.146 0.462 −0.342 −0.112 0.552 −0.404 −0.410 0.114 −0.334 南 0.162 0.298 0.222 0.049 −0.243 0.275 0.124 −0.103 0.261 0.128 −0.264 0.476
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 五大连池火山森林群落乔木树种的重要值
Table 4. Tree species with importance value of forest communities in Wudalianchi Volcanos
研究区 坡向 重要值 山槐 山杨 紫椴 黑桦 蒙古栎 色木槭 白桦 黄榆 春榆 裂叶榆 黄檗 东焦得布山 北 1.07 0.19 0.74 0.15 − 0.53 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.06 南 − 0.04 0.35 0.10 2.49 0.02 − − − − 0.01 小孤山 北 − 0.53 1.51 0.18 − 0.68 − − − 0.10 − 南 0.01 − 0.11 0.22 2.65 0.01 − − − − − 尾山 北 0.20 0.32 0.84 0.05 0.31 0.78 0.46 0.03 − − − 南 − − 0.01 0.01 1.67 0.31 − − − − − 南格拉球山 北 0.09 0.23 0.79 0.48 0.40 0.64 0.24 0.04 − 0.28 − 南 − − − 0.15 2.72 0.13 − − − − − 说明：山槐Maackia amurensis，山杨Populus davidiana，白桦Betula platyphylla，黄榆Ulmus macrocarpa，春榆Ulmus japonica， 裂叶榆Ulmus laciniata，黄檗Phellodendron amurense。–表示没有数值
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 高贤明, 马克平, 陈灵芝. 暖温带若干落叶阔叶林群落物种多样性及其与群落动态的关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2001, 25(3): 283 − 290. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2001.03.005 GAO Xianming, MA Keping, CHEN Lingzhi. Species diversity of some deciduous broad-leaved forests in the warm-temperate zone and its relations to community stability [J]. Acta Phytoecol Sin, 2001, 25(3): 283 − 290. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2001.03.005 [2] LOREAU M, NAEEM S, INCHAUSTI P, et al. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and future challenge [J]. Science, 2001, 294(5543): 804 − 808. doi: 10.1126/science.1064088 [3] 马克平, 黄建辉, 于顺利, 等. 北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究: Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J]. 生态学报, 1995, 15(3): 268 − 277. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1995.03.006 MA Keping, HUANG Jianhui, YU Shunli, et al. Plant community diversity in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, China: Ⅱ. species richness, evenness and species diversities [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 1995, 15(3): 268 − 277. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1995.03.006 [4] 茹文明, 张金屯, 张峰, 等. 历山森林群落物种多样性与群落结构研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17(4): 561 − 566. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2006.04.001 RU Wenming, ZHANG Jintun, ZHANG Feng, et al. Species diversity and community structure of forest communities in Lishan Mountain [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2006, 17(4): 561 − 566. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2006.04.001 [5] PANDEY S K, SHUKLA R P. Plant diversity in managed sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forests of Gorakhpur, India: species composition, regeneration and conservation [J]. Biodiversity Conserv, 2003, 12(11): 2295 − 2319. doi: 10.1023/A:1024589230554 [6] 张继义, 赵哈林. 植被(植物群落)稳定性研究评述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2003, 22(4): 42 − 48. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2003.04.009 ZHANG Jiyi, ZHAO Halin. Review on the study of vegetation stability [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2003, 22(4): 42 − 48. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2003.04.009 [7] BETHKE R W. Geographical patterns of persistence in duck guilds [J]. Oecologia, 1993, 93(1): 102 − 108. doi: 10.1007/BF00321198 [8] LOREAU M, de MAZANCOURT C, DUFFY E. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability: a synthesis of underlying mechanisms [J]. Ecol Lett, 2013, 16(suppl 1): 106 − 115. [9] JONES G A, HENRY D H R. Primary plant succession on recently degla-ciated terrain in the Canadian High Arctic [J]. J Biogeogr, 2003, 30(2): 277 − 296. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00818.x [10] 黄庆阳, 曹红杰, 王立民, 等. 五大连池火山熔岩台地植物多样性与土壤养分的关系[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2019, 36(1): 80 − 87. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.01.011 HUANG Qingyang, CAO Hongjie, WANG Limin, et al. Species diversity and soil nutrients in lava platforms of Wudalianchi Volcanoes, China [J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2019, 36(1): 80 − 87. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.01.011 [11] 吴征镒. 中国植被[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1980. [12] 周志强, 徐丽娇, 张玉红, 等. 黑龙江五大连池的生态价值分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2011, 19(1): 63 − 70. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08262 ZHOU Zhiqiang, XU Lijiao, ZHANG Yuhong, et al. An analysis of the ecological value of Wudalianchi, Heilongjiang Province, China [J]. Biodiversity Sci, 2011, 19(1): 63 − 70. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08262 [13] 牟长城, 罗菊春, 王襄平, 等. 长白山林区森林/沼泽交错群落的植物多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 1998, 6(2): 132 − 137. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.1998.02.008 MU Changcheng, LUO Juchun, WANG Xiangping, et al. Plant diversity of ecotone community between forest and marsh in Changbai Mountain [J]. Biodiversity Sci, 1998, 6(2): 132 − 137. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.1998.02.008 [14] 郝占庆, 赵士洞, 陶大立, 等. 长白山北坡椴树红松林高等植物物种多样性[J]. 生态学杂志, 1993, 12(6): 1 − 5. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.1993.06.001 HAO Zhanqing, ZHAO Shidong, TAO Dali, et al. Species diversity of higher plants in Lime korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain [J]. Chin J Ecol, 1993, 12(6): 1 − 5. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.1993.06.001 [15] 郝占庆, 陶大立, 赵士洞. 长白山北坡阔叶红松林及其次生白桦林高等植物物种多样性比较[J]. 应用生态学报, 1994, 5(1): 16 − 23. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.1994.01.013 HAO Zhanqing, TAO Dali, ZHAO Shidong. Diversity of higher plants in broad-leaved korean pine and secondary birch forests on northern slope of Changbai Mountain [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 1994, 5(1): 16 − 23. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.1994.01.013 [16] 郝占庆, 于德永, 吴钢, 等. 长白山北坡植物群落β多样性分析[J]. 生态学报, 2001, 21(12): 2018 − 2022. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2001.12.008 HAO Zhanqing, YU Deyong, WU Gang, et al. Analysis on β diversity of plant communities on northern slope of Changbai Mountain [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2001, 21(12): 2018 − 2022. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2001.12.008 [17] 郝占庆, 于德永, 杨晓明, 等. 长白山北坡植物群落α多样性及其随海拔梯度的变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(12): 785 − 789. HAO Zhanqing, YU Deyong, YANG Xiaoming, et al. α diversity of communities and their variety along altitude gradient on northern slope of Changbai Mountain [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2002, 13(12): 785 − 789. [18] 姜萍, 叶吉, 王绍先, 等. 长白山南坡森林群落组成、结构以及树种多样性的垂直分布[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2008, 30(suppl 1): 258 − 262. JIANG Ping, YE Ji, WANG Shaoxian, et al. Vertical distribution of floristic composition, community structure and biodiversity of forest communities along altitudinal gradients on south slope of the Changbai Mountain, northeastern China [J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2008, 30(suppl 1): 258 − 262. [19] 刘艳华, 王洪兴, 石秋生, 等. 五大连池火山群野生植物资源调查研究与应用[J]. 中国园艺文摘, 2011, 27(3): 59 − 63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0873.2011.03.030 LIU Yanhua, WANG Hongxing, SHI Qiusheng, et al. Investigation and application of wild plant resources of Wudalianchi Volcano group [J]. Chin Hortic Abstr, 2011, 27(3): 59 − 63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0873.2011.03.030 [20] 张树民, 陈黎明, 邢润贵, 等. 五大连池火山区土壤和植被分布与特征[J]. 国土与自然资源研究, 2005(1): 86 − 88. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-7853.2005.01.044 ZHANG Shumin, CHEN Liming, XING Rungui, et al. Distribution and features on soil and vegetation of Five-linked-great-pool Lake volcano district [J]. Territ Nat Resour Study, 2005(1): 86 − 88. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-7853.2005.01.044 [21] 河海. 使用WinDENDRO测量树轮宽度及交叉定年方法[J]. 重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 22(4): 39 − 44. HE Hai. Measurement of tree-ring width with WinDENDRO and Crossdating methods [J]. J Chongqing Norm Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2005, 22(4): 39 − 44. [22] 彭少麟. 森林群落稳定性与动态测度: 年龄结构分析[J]. 广西植物, 1987, 7(1): 67 − 72. PENG Shaolin. The measurement of the stability and the developments of forest communities: analysis on age structure [J]. Guihaia, 1987, 7(1): 67 − 72. [23] SENNHAUSER E B. The concept of stability in connection with the gallery forests of the Chaco region [J]. Vegetation, 1991, 94(1): 1 − 13. [24] 杨允菲, 祝廷成. 植物生态学[M]. 2版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2011. [25] 李军, 陆云峰, 杨安娜, 等. 紫楠天然群落物种多样性对不同干扰强度的响应[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2019, 36(2): 279 − 288. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.02.009 LI Jun, LU Yunfeng, YANG Anna, et al. Species diversity of natural Phoebe sheareri communities with different disturbance intensities [J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2019, 36(2): 279 − 288. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.02.009 [26] 谢晋阳, 陈灵芝. 中国暖温带若干灌丛群落多样性问题的研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 1997, 21(3): 197 − 207. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.1997.03.001 XIE Jinyang, CHEN Lingzhi. The studies of some aspects of biodiversity on scrubs in the warm temperate zone in China [J]. Acta Phytoecol Sin, 1997, 21(3): 197 − 207. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.1997.03.001 [27] 马克平, 刘玉明. 生物群落多样性的测度方法(I) α多样性的测度方法(下)[J]. 生物多样性, 1994, 2(4): 231 − 239. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.1994.04.009 MA Keping, LIU Yuming. Measurement of biotic community diversity (I) α diversity (Part 2) [J]. Biodiversity Sci, 1994, 2(4): 231 − 239. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.1994.04.009 [28] PALMER M W, WHITE P S. Scale dependence and the species-area relationship [J]. Am Nat, 1994, 144(5): 717 − 740. [29] 王国宏. 再论生物多样性与生态系统的稳定性[J]. 生物多样性, 2002, 10(1): 126 − 134. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.2002.01.016 WANG Guohong. Further thoughts on diversity and stability in ecosystems [J]. Biodiversity Sci, 2002, 10(1): 126 − 134. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.2002.01.016 [30] 闫东锋, 朱滢, 杨喜田. 宝天曼栎类天然林物种多样性与稳定性[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2011, 28(4): 628 − 633. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0756.2011.04.017 YAN Dongduo, ZHU Ying, YANG Xitian. Species diversity and stability of a natural Quercus forest in Baotianman, Henan Province [J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2011, 28(4): 628 − 633. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0756.2011.04.017 [31] 李凤英, 纪桂琴, 石福臣. 凉水国家级自然保护区森林群落结构及物种多样性分析[J]. 南开大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 42(3): 40 − 47. LI Fengying, JI Guiqin, SHI Fucheng. Analysis on community structure and species diversity of forest in Liangshui National-level Natural Reserve [J]. Acta Sci Nat Univ Nankai, 2009, 42(3): 40 − 47. -
-
链接本文:
http://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200255
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 17
- 被引次数: 0
