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壮苗培育是实现人工林优质高效培育目标的关键环节,优质苗木不仅能提高造林成活率,也是促进森林早期生长,提升森林质量的重要途径[1]。施肥管理是提高苗木质量的核心技术,深入研究苗木施肥技术不仅可以加速苗木发育进程,缩短育苗周期,同时对苗木养分积累、增产也具有显著作用,还可以提高苗木质量进而提高造林成活率,对促进林业的可持续发展具有重要的指导意义和现实意义[2−3]。苗木施肥主要是针对氮磷钾3种元素进行,氮磷是植物生长的限制元素,同时也是植物生长所必需的矿质营养元素,对苗木的生长与发育具有重要的作用[4]。研究表明:中国土壤氮磷含量低于全球水平,植物的生长容易受到氮磷元素的限制[5−6]。云南松Pinus yunnanensis分布区的土壤中,低磷少氮较明显,制约着云南松人工林的发展[7]。因此,针对氮磷矿质营养元素的施肥研究显得尤为重要。
云南松是中国西南地区的代表树种,是该地区的乡土树种及荒山绿化造林先锋树种,同时也是云南省的主要造林和用材树种,在其分布区的森林和生态系统的可持续发展中发挥着重要作用[8]。然而,云南松苗木质量并不理想。同时,近年来,大面积云南松天然林的逆向择伐,导致其森林质量降低,造成林分和林地退化等,从而形成大面积天然更新的低质低效次生林,因此,需通过人为干预有效地恢复其质量和产量[9]。在实际的造林生产中,人们也普遍缺乏对云南松苗木施肥的重视。大多凭经验施肥,导致用量过少或过多,或不注意肥料之间的配合,浪费现象普遍,甚至造成肥害或施肥不足导致生理病症[10]。这种现象严重阻碍了高质量苗木的培育,因此亟需探寻科学施肥策略,为造林提供优质的苗木。目前氮磷配施已在樟树Cinnamomum camphora[11]、马尾松Pinus massoniana和木荷Schima superba[12]等多种苗木中开展研究,针对云南松苗木的氮磷施肥研究缺乏,氮磷肥如何调控苗木质量及养分利用尚不完全清楚。鉴于此,本研究以云南松苗木为研究对象,开展不同氮磷配施对苗木质量、生物量及养分积累的影响研究,探明苗木的养分需求特征,为云南松苗期养分管理及苗木培育提供理论依据。
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2020年6月底在西南林业大学苗圃选择2年生的云南松塑料盆栽苗,苗木长势均匀,健康无病虫害,平均苗高为8.1 cm,平均地径为9.8 mm,平均针叶长为11.6 cm,基质为V(腐殖土)∶V(红壤)=1∶3的混合土。根据情况适时对云南松进行浇水,苗木在管理措施上保持完全相同,以排除外部环境条件不同带来的干扰。
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采用2因素3水平3×3回归设计,共组成9个处理(表1)。氮肥磷肥用量参照张跃敏等[13]的方法。外源性氮肥为尿素(CH4N2O),磷肥为过磷酸钙(CaP2H4O8)。表1数据为纯氮、纯磷用量。
表 1 外源性氮磷添加施肥试验组合
Table 1. Fertilization test combination of exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus addition
处理 氮/(g·株−1) 磷/(g·株−1) 处理 氮/(g·株−1) 磷/(g·株−1) ck 0 0 N1P1 0.4 0.8 P1 0 0.8 N1P2 0.4 1.6 P2 0 1.6 N2P1 0.8 0.8 N1 0.4 0 N2P2 0.8 1.6 N2 0.8 0 -
于2020年12月底,对指标进行测量。各处理选取3株长势一致的苗木用于生物量及养分的测定,各处理重复3次。用游标卡尺测量地径,直尺测定苗高。将每株苗木分为根、茎和叶,分别装入标记好的纸袋中,在105 ℃烘箱中杀青30 min后,调至80 ℃烘干至恒量,测量根、茎、叶的生物量。将根、茎、叶样品烘干后,研磨过筛,用H2SO4-H2O2法消煮植物样品制备待测液用于养分测定。全氮采用奈氏比色法测定,全磷采用钼锑抗比色法测定,全钾采用火焰光度法测定[14]。器官养分储量=器官养分质量分数×器官生物量;器官养分分配比=器官养分储量/单株养分储量×100%;苗木质量指数=苗木总生物量/(苗高/地径+茎生物量/根生物量)[15]
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利用SPSS对各指标进行单因素方差分析及回归分析,采用Origin、SAS软件作图。
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由图1A看出:除P1、N2P2处理外,其余各施肥处理的苗木总生物量均显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。苗木总生物量积累从大到小依次为N1P1、N2P1、N1P2、N2、N1、P2、P1、N2P2、ck。由图1B看出:除P1、P2、N2P2处理外,其余各施肥处理的苗木质量指数均显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。苗木质量指数从大到小依次为N1P1、N2P1、N1P2、N2、N1、P1、P2、N2P2、ck。N1P1处理下苗木具有最大的总生物量及苗木质量指数,分别是ck的1.92、1.98倍。在单施氮肥的处理中,总体上随施氮量的增加,苗木总生物量及质量指数逐渐升高;单施磷肥时,随施磷量的增加,苗木总生物量也逐渐积累,而苗木质量指数几乎没有发生变化,较为稳定。在氮磷配施的处理中,苗木质量随施氮或施磷量的增加,呈降低趋势。
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由表2可知:各器官的氮、磷、钾储量总体从大到小依次为叶、茎、根。各施肥处理的器官及单株氮、磷、钾储量间具有显著差异(P<0.05),较对照组均有不同程度的增加。但各处理的器官及单株氮、磷、钾储量大小顺序并不唯一,N1P1处理下苗木根、茎、单株的氮、钾储量最大,根、茎、叶、单株的磷储量也最大,N2P1处理下苗木叶的氮、钾储量最大。在单施氮肥和磷肥的处理中,总体上随施氮量和施磷量的增加,各器官及单株的氮、磷、钾储量逐渐增加。在氮磷配施的处理中,养分储量随施氮或施磷量的增加,呈减小趋势。
表 2 不同施肥处理下云南松苗木养分积累情况
Table 2. Nutrient reserves of P. yunnanensis seedlings under different fertilization treatments
元素 处理 养分储量/mg 根 茎 叶 单株 氮 ck 15.92±11.32 e 33.55±11.64 e 54.94±13.16 e 104.41±35.89 g P1 32.31±18.05 cd 43.50±4.01d e 70.12±8.67 de 145.93±23.64 ef P2 33.85±9.42 cd 55.09±9.11 cd 83.72±8.85 cd 172.65±22.19 de N1 28.62±7.34 de 65.59±8.65 c 104.55±16.30 ab 198.76±16.83 cd N1P1 73.75±17.31 a 103.55±13.97 a 112.53±7.19 a 289.83±22.25 a N1P2 62.52±13.10 ab 94.83±14.29 ab 93.20±12.34 bc 250.55±33.61 ab N2 47.73±11.35 bc 85.20±26.98 b 101.10±21.08 ab 234.03±55.79 bc N2P1 56.37±10.90 b 101.48±18.57 ab 117.79±16.37 a 275.64±33.02 a N2P2 22.17±11.52 de 41.76±9.47 de 60.17±10.77 e 124.10±31.07 fg 磷 ck 3.91±2.62 e 7.15±3.25 e 9.53±2.52 d 20.60±8.27 f P1 10.65±6.78 de 10.08±0.68 de 13.09±1.74 d 33.82±6.90 def P2 13.73±4.37 cd 15.39±4.01 de 12.19±4.07 d 41.31±9.69 de N1 10.56±2.66 de 18.86±2.79 cd 19.39±4.64 cd 48.82±6.95 d N1P1 33.47±10.56 a 38.81±8.12 a 41.7±12.34 a 113.99±18.37 a N1P2 25.93±6.81 b 33.94±10.66 ab 15.98±8.46 d 75.84±13.22 c N2 20.38±7.71 bc 26.53±11.81 bc 26.64±7.72 bc 73.55±25.80 d N2P1 24.63±6.57 ab 34.50±11.03 ab 33.87±13.15 ab 93.00±14.96 b N2P2 6.04±3.14 e 9.14±2.02 e 12.97±3.49 d 28.14±7.71 ef 钾 ck 22.05±15.42 e 50.84±18.39 e 62.14±16.46 f 135.03±50.20 d P1 41.56±22.67 de 59.53±4.21 de 73.14±8.54 ef 174.23±27.31 cd P2 47.57±18.06 cd 84.21±23.45 c 90.03±16.06 de 221.82±55.86 c N1 34.43±8.15 de 79.80±9.55 cd 100.70±19.38 cd 214.94±21.10 c N1P1 102.27±18.50 a 145.46±18.96 a 131.71±9.79 ab 379.44±13.10 a N1P2 82.64±25.07 ab 127.24±20.30 ab 105.62±18.34 cd 315.50±53.39 b N2 63.79±18.56 bc 112.87±33.73 b 114.98±31.44 bc 291.64±80.58 b N2P1 75.91±19.25 b 125.61±19.41 ab 136.33±19.13 a 337.85±34.32 ab N2P2 23.97±7.92 e 58.04±8.15 de 62.89±8.74 f 144.90±22.24 d 说明:数据为平均值±标准差。同列不同小写字母表示同一养分元素同一组织在不同施肥处理间差异显著(P<0.05) -
就氮分配情况而言,平均有19.68%分配到根,34.15%分配给茎,46.17%分配到叶(图2A)。就磷分配情况而言,平均有26.66%分配到根,36.17%分配给茎,37.16%分配到叶(图2B)。就钾分配情况而言,平均有20.93%分配到根,38.01%分配给茎,41.07%分配到叶(图2C)。从各处理的氮分配情况看(图3):除P2、N1、N2P2处理外,其余各施肥处理的根氮分配比与对照间差异显著(P<0.05),除P1、P2、N1、N2P2处理外,其余各施肥处理的茎、叶氮分配比与对照间差异显著(P<0.05)。各施肥处理的根氮分配比较对照均有不同程度的增加,茎氮分配比中有6个处理较对照有不同程度的增加,而叶氮分配比较对照均有不同程度的减少。
图 2 云南松苗木各器官养分分配总体情况
Figure 2. Nutrient distribution of different organs of P. yunnanensis seedlings
图 3 不同施肥处理云南松苗木各器官氮元素分配情况
Figure 3. Nitrogen distribution to each organ in P. yunnanensis seedlings under different fertilization treatments
由图4可知:除N2P2处理外,其余各施肥处理的根磷分配比与对照间差异显著(P<0.05)。除N1P2处理外,其余各施肥处理的茎磷分配比与对照间无显著差异(P>0.05)。除P1、N1、N2P2处理外,其余各施肥处理的叶磷分配比与对照间差异显著(P<0.05)。各施肥处理的根磷分配比较对照均有不同程度的增加,茎磷分配比中有6个处理较对照有不同程度的增加,而叶磷分配比较对照均有不同程度的减少。
图 4 不同施肥处理云南松苗木各器官磷元素分配情况
Figure 4. Phosphorus distribution to each organ in P. yunnanensis seedlings under different fertilization treatments
由图5可知:除N1、N2P2处理外,其余各施肥处理的根钾分配比与对照间均差异显著(P<0.05)。各施肥处理的茎钾分配比与对照间无显著差异(P>0.05)。除P1、N1、N2P2处理外,其余各施肥处理的叶钾分配比与对照间差异显著(P<0.05)。各施肥处理的根钾分配比较对照均有不同程度的增加,茎钾分配比中有5个处理较对照有不同程度的增加,而叶钾分配比较对照均有不同程度的减少。
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由表3可知:苗木生长及养分指标与肥料用量回归方程的相关系数总体上较大,拟合程度较高,可以用来预测不同氮磷施肥处理下的云南松苗木生长及养分指标。
表 3 云南松苗木生长及养分储量指标对应的回归方程
Table 3. Regression equation of seedling growth and nutrient storage indices of P. yunnanensis seedlings
指标(Y) 回归方程 相关系数 F P 总生物量 Y=12.68+46.59XN+16.65XP−42.49XN 2−8.42XP 2−9.51XNP 0.83 5.44 <0.01 苗木质量指数 Y=1.46+0.81XN+0.43XP−1.16XN 2−0.44XP 2+0.69XNP 0.58 1.22 <0.01 根氮储量 Y=−2.05+184.14XN+57.98XP−158.49XN 2−24.09XP 2−34.70XNP 0.85 6.00 <0.01 茎氮储量 Y=20.63+243.73XN+76.14XP−241.44XN 2−36.23XP 2−32.72XNP 0.88 8.53 <0.01 叶氮储量 Y=51.79+192.21XN+54.12XP−174.42XN 2−27.80XP 2−36.28XNP 0.91 10.98 <0.01 单株氮储量 Y=79.08+555.41XN+184.83XP−502.92XN 2−90.00XP 2−99.74XNP 0.89 8.82 <0.01 根磷储量 Y=−3.27+101.64XN+29.62XP−96.23XN 2−11.87XP 2−16.89XNP 0.84 5.63 <0.01 茎磷储量 Y=1.33+111.55XN+33.07XP−121.70XN 2−16.04XP 2−10.58XNP 0.90 10.23 <0.01 叶磷储量 Y=5.45+64.52XN+35.69XP−47.76XN 2−21.00XP 2−12.75XNP 0.76 13.48 <0.01 单株磷储量 Y=7.11+189.91XN+90.68XP−168.06XN 2−44.73XP 2−38.49XNP 0.88 7.94 <0.01 根钾储量 Y=5.53+206.35XN+84.05XP−194.21XN 2−37.30XP 2−37.67XNP 0.78 3.78 <0.01 茎钾储量 Y=32.12+313.49XN+100.23XP−303.82XN 2−43.87XP 2−57.39XNP 0.84 5.55 <0.01 叶钾储量 Y=53.24+222.39XN+75.10XP−198.15XN 2−33.85XP 2−56.67XNP 0.83 5.37 <0.01 单株钾储量 Y=89.88+701.11XN+269.15XP−624.29XN 2−121.42XP 2−161.13XNP 0.83 5.45 <0.01 说明:XN、XP、XNP分别表示氮水平、磷水平、氮磷交互水平 根据表3的回归方程,可得到产量效应曲面图(图6)。由图6可知:各生长指标反应曲面均呈单峰曲面模式,即各生长指标均存在一个最大值。峰值以前,各生长指标均随氮磷用量的增加而增加。峰值以后,各生长指标随氮磷用量的增加而下降。
图 6 云南松苗木生物量及养分储量对氮磷配施的效应曲面
Figure 6. Effect surface of biomass and nutrient storage of P. yunnanensis seedlings on nitrogen and phosphorus combined application
由表4可知:施肥处理后,氮磷交互产量大于单施氮产量,单施氮产量优于单施磷产量。因此,在本研究中,针对2年生云南松苗木的肥料效应而言,氮磷配施的效果优于单施氮肥,单施氮肥的效果优于单施磷肥。
表 4 云南松苗木各生长指标单施氮肥、磷肥及氮磷交互的最高产量
Table 4. Highest yield in single-factor of nitrogen or phosphorus and nitrogen and phosphorus interaction with each growth index of P. yunnanensis seedlings
指标(Y) 生长指标与单施氮肥关系 生长指标与单施磷肥关系 氮磷交互最高产量 回归方程 最高产量 回归方程 最高产量 总生物量/g Y=12.68+46.59XN−42.49XN 2 25.17 Y=12.68+16.65XP−8.42XP 2 20.33 29.59 苗木质量指数 Y=1.46+0.81XN−1.16XN 2 1.50 Y=1.46+0.43XP−0.44XP 2 1.45 1.94 根氮储量/mg Y=−2.05+184.14XN−158.49XN 2 50.05 Y=−2.05+57.98XP−24.09XP 2 29.86 67.55 茎氮储量/mg Y=20.63+243.73XN−241.44XN 2 81.34 Y=20.63+76.14XP−36.23XP 2 59.15 107.04 叶氮储量/mg Y=51.79+192.21XN−174.42XN 2 103.92 Y=51.79+54.12XP−27.80XP 2 75.38 115.98 单株氮储量/mg Y=79.08+555.41XN−502.92XN 2 229.55 Y=79.08+184.83XP−90.00XP 2 167.71 281.92 根磷储量/mg Y=−3.27+101.64XN−96.23XN 2 22.93 Y=−3.27+29.62XP−11.87XP 2 14.01 33.20 茎磷储量/mg Y=1.33+111.55XN−121.70XN 2 26.71 Y=1.33+33.07XP−16.04XP 2 18.06 39.48 叶磷储量/mg Y=5.45+64.52XN−47.76XN 2 26.86 Y=5.45+35.69XP−21.00XP 2 19.95 34.47 单株磷储量/mg Y=7.11+189.91XN−168.06XN 2 59.31 Y=7.11+90.68XP−44.73XP 2 51.23 88.69 根钾储量/mg Y=5.53+206.35XN−194.21XN 2 58.85 Y=5.53+84.05XP−37.30XP 2 50.99 89.24 茎钾储量/mg Y=32.12+313.49XN−303.82XN 2 110.99 Y=32.12+100.23XP−43.87XP 2 85.81 143.27 叶钾储量/mg Y=53.24+222.39XN−198.15XN 2 113.50 Y=53.24+75.10XP−33.85XP 2 89.97 131.36 单株钾储量/mg Y=89.88+701.11XN−624.29XN 2 279.99 Y=89.88+269.15XP−121.42XP 2 227.84 358.61 说明:XN表示氮水平,XP表示磷水平 对表3构建的回归方程求偏导,确定了云南松苗木各项生长指标适宜的氮磷施肥量。由表5可知:2年生云南松苗木适宜的氮磷施肥量分别为氮0.42~0.65 g·株−1,磷0.66~1.01 g·株−1,适宜的氮磷配比为1.00∶1.15~1.00∶2.13。
表 5 2年生云南松苗木在指标最高产量下的适宜施肥量
Table 5. Suitable fertilizer amount for two years old P. yunnanensis seedlings under highest yield
指标 适宜施肥量 最佳氮磷比 氮/(g·株−1) 磷/(g·株−1) 总生物量 0.47 0.73 1.00∶1.55 苗木质量指数 0.65 1.01 1.00∶1.56 根氮储量 0.49 0.85 1.00∶1.75 茎氮储量 0.45 0.85 1.00∶1.90 叶氮储量 0.48 0.66 1.00∶1.37 单株氮储量 0.48 0.76 1.00∶1.60 根磷储量 0.45 0.93 1.00∶2.08 茎磷储量 0.42 0.89 1.00∶2.13 叶磷储量 0.59 0.67 1.00∶1.15 单株磷储量 0.48 0.81 1.00∶1.72 根钾储量 0.45 0.90 1.00∶2.03 茎钾储量 0.44 0.86 1.00∶1.97 叶钾储量 0.46 0.73 1.00∶1.59 单株钾储量 0.46 0.80 1.00∶1.76 适宜范围 0.42~0.65 0.66~1.01 1.00∶1.15~1.00∶2.13
Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus combinations on seedling growth and nutrient accumulation of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings
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摘要:
目的 开展氮磷配施,揭示云南松Pinus yunnanensis苗木生长及养分积累对氮磷配施的响应,为优化云南松苗期养分管理及苗木培育提供理论依据。 方法 以2年生云南松盆栽苗为研究对象,设置对照(不施肥)、磷肥0.8 g·株−1(P1)、磷肥1.6 g·株−1(P2)、氮肥0.4 g·株−1 (N1)、氮肥0.8 g·株−1(N2)、氮肥0.4 g·株−1和磷肥0.8 g·株−1(N1P1)、氮肥0.4 g·株−1和磷肥1.6 g·株−1 (N1P2)、氮肥0.8 g·株−1和磷肥0.8 g·株−1 (N2P1)、氮肥0.8 g·株−1和磷肥1.6 g·株−1 (N2P2)等9个不同施肥处理,分析不同施肥对云南松苗木生长及养分积累的影响。 结果 各施肥处理的总生物量、苗木质量均大于对照组,N1P1处理下苗木总生物量和苗木质量最大。各器官的养分积累从大到小依次为叶、茎、根。各施肥处理的器官及单株氮、磷、钾储量与对照组之间总体上均具有显著差异(P<0.05),较对照组均有不同程度增加。N1P1处理下苗木根、茎、单株的氮、钾储量最大,根、茎、叶、单株的磷储量最大,N2P1处理下叶的氮、钾储量最大。氮、磷、钾养分分配格局从大到小依次为叶、茎、根。 结论 施肥促进了云南松苗木的生物量积累,提高了苗木质量,促进了苗木各器官的养分积累,并增大了根、茎的养分分配,减小了对叶的养分分配。氮磷配施的效果优于单施氮肥,单施氮肥的效果优于单施磷肥,N1P1处理为最优配施组合。图6表5参38 Abstract:Objective This study tries to reveal the response of Pinus yunnanensis seedling growth and nutrient accumulation to exogenous N and P combined application, and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing nutrient management and seedling cultivation of P. yunnanensis. Method 2-year-old potted seedlings of P. yunnanensis were taken as the research objects. 9 different fertilization treatments were set to analyze the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and nutrient accumulation of P. yunnanensis seedlings, including ck (no fertilization), P1 (P, 0.8 g per seedling), P2 (P, 1.6 g per seedling), N1 (N, 0.4 g per seedling), N2 (N, 0.8 g per seedling), N1P1 (N, 0.4 g per seedling, P, 0.8 g per seedling), N1P2 (N, 0.4 g per seedling, P, 1.6 g per seedling), N2P1 (N, 0.8 g per seedling, P, 0.8 g per seedling), N2P2 (N, 0.8 g per seedling, P, 1.6 g per seedling). Result The total biomass and seedling quality of each fertilization treatment were higher than those of ck, and those of N1P1 treatment were the highest. The nutrient accumulation of each organ ranging from large to small was leaf, stem and root. The N, P and K reserves of organs and individual plants of different fertilization treatments were significantly different from those of ck (P<0.05), and increased in different degrees compared with ck. The seedlings under N1P1 treatment had the largest N and K reserves in root, stem and individual plant, and the largest P reserves in root, stem, leaf and individual plant, while the seedlings under N2P1 treatment had the largest N and K reserves in leaf. The distribution pattern of N, P and K nutrients was leaf, stem and root from large to small. Conclusion N and P combined application significantly improves biomass accumulation, seedling quality, as well as nutrient accumulation in each organ. It also increases the nutrient distribution of root and stem, and decreases the nutrient distribution of leaf. The combined application of N and P is superior to the single application of either N or P. Therefore, N1P1 is the optimal treatment. [Ch, 6 fig. 5 tab. 38 ref.] -
Key words:
- Pinus yunnanensis /
- proportional fertilization /
- biomass /
- nutrient accumulation
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表 1 外源性氮磷添加施肥试验组合
Table 1. Fertilization test combination of exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus addition
处理 氮/(g·株−1) 磷/(g·株−1) 处理 氮/(g·株−1) 磷/(g·株−1) ck 0 0 N1P1 0.4 0.8 P1 0 0.8 N1P2 0.4 1.6 P2 0 1.6 N2P1 0.8 0.8 N1 0.4 0 N2P2 0.8 1.6 N2 0.8 0 表 2 不同施肥处理下云南松苗木养分积累情况
Table 2. Nutrient reserves of P. yunnanensis seedlings under different fertilization treatments
元素 处理 养分储量/mg 根 茎 叶 单株 氮 ck 15.92±11.32 e 33.55±11.64 e 54.94±13.16 e 104.41±35.89 g P1 32.31±18.05 cd 43.50±4.01d e 70.12±8.67 de 145.93±23.64 ef P2 33.85±9.42 cd 55.09±9.11 cd 83.72±8.85 cd 172.65±22.19 de N1 28.62±7.34 de 65.59±8.65 c 104.55±16.30 ab 198.76±16.83 cd N1P1 73.75±17.31 a 103.55±13.97 a 112.53±7.19 a 289.83±22.25 a N1P2 62.52±13.10 ab 94.83±14.29 ab 93.20±12.34 bc 250.55±33.61 ab N2 47.73±11.35 bc 85.20±26.98 b 101.10±21.08 ab 234.03±55.79 bc N2P1 56.37±10.90 b 101.48±18.57 ab 117.79±16.37 a 275.64±33.02 a N2P2 22.17±11.52 de 41.76±9.47 de 60.17±10.77 e 124.10±31.07 fg 磷 ck 3.91±2.62 e 7.15±3.25 e 9.53±2.52 d 20.60±8.27 f P1 10.65±6.78 de 10.08±0.68 de 13.09±1.74 d 33.82±6.90 def P2 13.73±4.37 cd 15.39±4.01 de 12.19±4.07 d 41.31±9.69 de N1 10.56±2.66 de 18.86±2.79 cd 19.39±4.64 cd 48.82±6.95 d N1P1 33.47±10.56 a 38.81±8.12 a 41.7±12.34 a 113.99±18.37 a N1P2 25.93±6.81 b 33.94±10.66 ab 15.98±8.46 d 75.84±13.22 c N2 20.38±7.71 bc 26.53±11.81 bc 26.64±7.72 bc 73.55±25.80 d N2P1 24.63±6.57 ab 34.50±11.03 ab 33.87±13.15 ab 93.00±14.96 b N2P2 6.04±3.14 e 9.14±2.02 e 12.97±3.49 d 28.14±7.71 ef 钾 ck 22.05±15.42 e 50.84±18.39 e 62.14±16.46 f 135.03±50.20 d P1 41.56±22.67 de 59.53±4.21 de 73.14±8.54 ef 174.23±27.31 cd P2 47.57±18.06 cd 84.21±23.45 c 90.03±16.06 de 221.82±55.86 c N1 34.43±8.15 de 79.80±9.55 cd 100.70±19.38 cd 214.94±21.10 c N1P1 102.27±18.50 a 145.46±18.96 a 131.71±9.79 ab 379.44±13.10 a N1P2 82.64±25.07 ab 127.24±20.30 ab 105.62±18.34 cd 315.50±53.39 b N2 63.79±18.56 bc 112.87±33.73 b 114.98±31.44 bc 291.64±80.58 b N2P1 75.91±19.25 b 125.61±19.41 ab 136.33±19.13 a 337.85±34.32 ab N2P2 23.97±7.92 e 58.04±8.15 de 62.89±8.74 f 144.90±22.24 d 说明:数据为平均值±标准差。同列不同小写字母表示同一养分元素同一组织在不同施肥处理间差异显著(P<0.05) 表 3 云南松苗木生长及养分储量指标对应的回归方程
Table 3. Regression equation of seedling growth and nutrient storage indices of P. yunnanensis seedlings
指标(Y) 回归方程 相关系数 F P 总生物量 Y=12.68+46.59XN+16.65XP−42.49XN 2−8.42XP 2−9.51XNP 0.83 5.44 <0.01 苗木质量指数 Y=1.46+0.81XN+0.43XP−1.16XN 2−0.44XP 2+0.69XNP 0.58 1.22 <0.01 根氮储量 Y=−2.05+184.14XN+57.98XP−158.49XN 2−24.09XP 2−34.70XNP 0.85 6.00 <0.01 茎氮储量 Y=20.63+243.73XN+76.14XP−241.44XN 2−36.23XP 2−32.72XNP 0.88 8.53 <0.01 叶氮储量 Y=51.79+192.21XN+54.12XP−174.42XN 2−27.80XP 2−36.28XNP 0.91 10.98 <0.01 单株氮储量 Y=79.08+555.41XN+184.83XP−502.92XN 2−90.00XP 2−99.74XNP 0.89 8.82 <0.01 根磷储量 Y=−3.27+101.64XN+29.62XP−96.23XN 2−11.87XP 2−16.89XNP 0.84 5.63 <0.01 茎磷储量 Y=1.33+111.55XN+33.07XP−121.70XN 2−16.04XP 2−10.58XNP 0.90 10.23 <0.01 叶磷储量 Y=5.45+64.52XN+35.69XP−47.76XN 2−21.00XP 2−12.75XNP 0.76 13.48 <0.01 单株磷储量 Y=7.11+189.91XN+90.68XP−168.06XN 2−44.73XP 2−38.49XNP 0.88 7.94 <0.01 根钾储量 Y=5.53+206.35XN+84.05XP−194.21XN 2−37.30XP 2−37.67XNP 0.78 3.78 <0.01 茎钾储量 Y=32.12+313.49XN+100.23XP−303.82XN 2−43.87XP 2−57.39XNP 0.84 5.55 <0.01 叶钾储量 Y=53.24+222.39XN+75.10XP−198.15XN 2−33.85XP 2−56.67XNP 0.83 5.37 <0.01 单株钾储量 Y=89.88+701.11XN+269.15XP−624.29XN 2−121.42XP 2−161.13XNP 0.83 5.45 <0.01 说明:XN、XP、XNP分别表示氮水平、磷水平、氮磷交互水平 表 4 云南松苗木各生长指标单施氮肥、磷肥及氮磷交互的最高产量
Table 4. Highest yield in single-factor of nitrogen or phosphorus and nitrogen and phosphorus interaction with each growth index of P. yunnanensis seedlings
指标(Y) 生长指标与单施氮肥关系 生长指标与单施磷肥关系 氮磷交互最高产量 回归方程 最高产量 回归方程 最高产量 总生物量/g Y=12.68+46.59XN−42.49XN 2 25.17 Y=12.68+16.65XP−8.42XP 2 20.33 29.59 苗木质量指数 Y=1.46+0.81XN−1.16XN 2 1.50 Y=1.46+0.43XP−0.44XP 2 1.45 1.94 根氮储量/mg Y=−2.05+184.14XN−158.49XN 2 50.05 Y=−2.05+57.98XP−24.09XP 2 29.86 67.55 茎氮储量/mg Y=20.63+243.73XN−241.44XN 2 81.34 Y=20.63+76.14XP−36.23XP 2 59.15 107.04 叶氮储量/mg Y=51.79+192.21XN−174.42XN 2 103.92 Y=51.79+54.12XP−27.80XP 2 75.38 115.98 单株氮储量/mg Y=79.08+555.41XN−502.92XN 2 229.55 Y=79.08+184.83XP−90.00XP 2 167.71 281.92 根磷储量/mg Y=−3.27+101.64XN−96.23XN 2 22.93 Y=−3.27+29.62XP−11.87XP 2 14.01 33.20 茎磷储量/mg Y=1.33+111.55XN−121.70XN 2 26.71 Y=1.33+33.07XP−16.04XP 2 18.06 39.48 叶磷储量/mg Y=5.45+64.52XN−47.76XN 2 26.86 Y=5.45+35.69XP−21.00XP 2 19.95 34.47 单株磷储量/mg Y=7.11+189.91XN−168.06XN 2 59.31 Y=7.11+90.68XP−44.73XP 2 51.23 88.69 根钾储量/mg Y=5.53+206.35XN−194.21XN 2 58.85 Y=5.53+84.05XP−37.30XP 2 50.99 89.24 茎钾储量/mg Y=32.12+313.49XN−303.82XN 2 110.99 Y=32.12+100.23XP−43.87XP 2 85.81 143.27 叶钾储量/mg Y=53.24+222.39XN−198.15XN 2 113.50 Y=53.24+75.10XP−33.85XP 2 89.97 131.36 单株钾储量/mg Y=89.88+701.11XN−624.29XN 2 279.99 Y=89.88+269.15XP−121.42XP 2 227.84 358.61 说明:XN表示氮水平,XP表示磷水平 表 5 2年生云南松苗木在指标最高产量下的适宜施肥量
Table 5. Suitable fertilizer amount for two years old P. yunnanensis seedlings under highest yield
指标 适宜施肥量 最佳氮磷比 氮/(g·株−1) 磷/(g·株−1) 总生物量 0.47 0.73 1.00∶1.55 苗木质量指数 0.65 1.01 1.00∶1.56 根氮储量 0.49 0.85 1.00∶1.75 茎氮储量 0.45 0.85 1.00∶1.90 叶氮储量 0.48 0.66 1.00∶1.37 单株氮储量 0.48 0.76 1.00∶1.60 根磷储量 0.45 0.93 1.00∶2.08 茎磷储量 0.42 0.89 1.00∶2.13 叶磷储量 0.59 0.67 1.00∶1.15 单株磷储量 0.48 0.81 1.00∶1.72 根钾储量 0.45 0.90 1.00∶2.03 茎钾储量 0.44 0.86 1.00∶1.97 叶钾储量 0.46 0.73 1.00∶1.59 单株钾储量 0.46 0.80 1.00∶1.76 适宜范围 0.42~0.65 0.66~1.01 1.00∶1.15~1.00∶2.13 -
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