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香榧Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’是榧树Torreya grandis中的优良变异经人工选育的优良品种[1],是中国特有的珍贵经济干果树种[2]。随着人们生活水平的提高,以香榧为代表的健康休闲类坚果消费需求不断增加,市场不断扩大[3]。近年来,浙江省香榧产业发展迅速,平均每年增长面积达3 127 hm2,10余年来种植面积增长了140%[4]。但当前的香榧林地种植模式较为粗犷,在长期的栽培、繁育过程中,存在较多问题。如为了提高产量,大量施肥,施肥结构不合理,导致环境受到污染[5];林区土壤养分受人为活动影响明显,人工成本高,香榧吸收土壤养分所需时间长[6];通过栽培措施,香榧产量有所增多,但种实品质下降,树体的生长也受到影响[7]。每年6—9月是香榧的种实充实期,种实体积无明显变化,光合作用的产物主要用于种仁发育和内部物质积累[8]。生产上为了避免引起“反青”现象,在香榧种实充实期不施用肥料,但是,在实践中发现不及时补充营养元素会对香榧树体后期生长以及香榧种实的品质产生影响。为提高香榧种实品质,在保证相对一致的生产管理条件下,本研究以香榧种实充实期补肥作为切入点,对香榧种实的外观性状以及营养品质开展研究。研究结果可为筛选优良商品叶面肥,提高香榧种实品质提供理论和生产依据。
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由表1可知:处理A和处理F对于香榧种实的核形指数、单核质量、单仁质量较对照均有显著(P<0.05)提高;处理D的单仁质量较对照显著(P<0.05)增加了9.5%;处理CA对于香榧种实出仁率的影响比其他叶面肥显示出更大的优势,比对照增加了3.3%。
表 1 不同叶面肥处理下香榧种实形态指标的比较
Table 1. Comparison of morphological indexes under different foliar fertilizer treatments of seeds in T. grandis‘Merrillii’
处理 核形指数 单核质量/g 出核率/% 仁形指数 单仁质量/g 出仁率/% ck 1.844±0.071 b 1.833±0.257 b 20.027±0.647 ab 2.228±0.086 ab 1.209±0.071 b 66.009±0.345 c A 2.001±0.093 a 2.013±0.207 a 21.720±0.944 a 2.233±0.144 a 1.357±0.099 a 67.742±0.651 b F 1.979±0.042 a 1.993±0.105 a 18.923±0.211 bc 2.225±0.053 ab 1.333±0.056 a 66.864±0.993 bc K 1.927±0.040 ab 1.904±0.107 ab 19.386±0.828 bc 2.179±0.056 ab 1.296±0.074 ab 67.184±0.804 b B 1.961±0.105 ab 1.952±0.277 ab 18.059±0.724 c 2.192±0.125 ab 1.291±0.198 ab 66.947±0.947 bc CA 1.962±0.072 ab 1.939±0.083 ab 19.520±0.864 b 2.231±0.088 a 1.321±0.057 ab 68.197±0.218 a W 1.936±0.083 ab 1.906±0.152 ab 21.403±0.455 a 2.070±0.093 b 1.276±0.104 ab 66.981±0.645 bc D 1.944±0.035 ab 1.970±0.065 ab 19.952±0.614 b 2.190±0.038 ab 1.324±0.047 a 67.230±0.932 b 说明:数据为均值±标准差。同一列的不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 -
由图1可知:处理D、处理A、处理K的香榧种实油脂质量分数分别为53.202%、53.003%和52.151%,比对照分别增加了12.3%、11.9%和10.1%;处理K的香榧种实的蛋白质质量分数为24.937%,比对照增加了13.6%,同时处理B和处理A的香榧种实蛋白质质量分数分别为23.615%和23.362%,较对照分别显著(P<0.05)增加了7.6%和6.4%;处理A、处理K和对照间的香榧种实淀粉质量分数无显著差异,但显著(P<0.05)低于其他处理,最低的是处理A ,为5.467%,低于对照1.9%;处理A和处理D对香榧种实可溶性糖质量分数产生显著(P<0.05)促进作用,分别为4.257%和4.530%,与对照相比分别增加8.9%和15.9%。
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由表2可知:香榧种实中所含脂肪酸多为硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生一烯酸、花生二烯酸、金松酸这8种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生一烯酸、花生二烯酸、金松酸)的相对含量远远高于饱和脂肪酸(硬脂酸、棕榈酸)。脂肪酸中亚油酸的相对含量最高(39.512%~43.900%),其次是油酸(35.254%~38.172%)、金松酸(7.591%~8.797%)、棕榈酸(6.706%~8.985%),亚麻酸相对含量最低,为0.279%~0.330%,可见香榧种实中的不饱和脂肪酸主要是亚油酸和油酸。
表 2 不同叶面肥处理下香榧种实脂肪酸组成和相对含量
Table 2. Composition and contents and fatty acid under different foliar fertilizer treatments of seeds in T. grandis‘Merrillii’
处理 相对含量/% 棕榈酸 硬脂酸 油酸 亚油酸 亚麻酸 ck 8.985±0.106 g 3.528±0.107 e 38.172±3.327 a 39.512±2.915 d 0.279±0.008 d A 8.451±0.115 e 2.927±0.127 d 35.254±2.426 e 42.364±2.700 b 0.291±0.013 cd F 7.965±0.222 d 2.297±0.019 ab 36.658±2.457 bc 42.412±2.858 b 0.287±0.009 d K 8.627±0.323 f 3.147±0.237 d 37.246±2.431 b 40.570±3.552 c 0.330±0.016 a B 6.822±0.413 b 2.505±0.214 bc 36.848±1.673 bc 42.973±2.907 b 0.301±0.014 bc CA 7.045±0.375 c 2.622±0.327 c 36.910±1.781 bc 42.606±3.682 b 0.301±0.017 bc W 6.897±0.408 b 2.397±0.112 bc 35.862±1.535 de 43.950±3.648 a 0.303±0.022 bc D 6.706±0.636 a 2.158±0.313 a 36.479±2.298 cd 43.974±3.358 a 0.307±0.025 b 处理 相对含量/% 花生一烯酸 花生二烯酸 金松酸 饱和脂肪酸 不饱和脂肪酸 ck 0.452±0.021 b 1.480±0.130 b 7.591±0.868 e 12.513±2.303 g 87.487±5.826 g A 0.472±0.057 b 1.446±0.110 b 8.797±0.334 a 11.377±2.341 e 88.623±6.141 e F 0.476±0.043 b 1.462±0.115 b 8.442±0.503 bc 10.262±2.309 d 89.738±7.509 d K 0.543±0.045 a 1.478±0.186 b 8.060±1.046 d 11.774±2.558 f 88.226±6.007 f B 0.496±0.044 ab 1.543±0.093 b 8.513±1.034 bc 9.327±1.628 b 90.673±7.933 b CA 0.453±0.062 b 1.721±0.080 a 8.342±0.987 c 9.666±1.703 c 90.334±8.103 c W 0.444±0.012 b 1.528±0.096 b 8.619±0.923 ab 9.294±1.522 b 90.706±7.841 b D 0.457±0.030 b 1.592±0.142 ab 8.328±0.720 c 8.864±0.950 a 91.136±8.058 a 说明:数据为均值±标准差。同列的不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸相对含量在对照中最高。棕榈酸和硬脂酸相对含量在处理B和处理W间无显著差异,但它们与其他处理间差异显著(P<0.05),处理D相对含量最低;油酸相对含量在处理F、处理B、处理CA处理间无显著差异,但它们与其他处理间差异显著(P<0.05),处理A相对含量最低;亚油酸相对含量在处理W、处理D间无显著差异,但显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理;亚麻酸和花生一烯酸相对含量在处理K中显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理,其他处理之间无显著差异;处理A的亚麻酸相对含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理,其他处理之间无显著差异;金松酸相对含量最高的是处理A,最低的是对照处理。饱和脂肪酸相对含量最低,不饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高的是处理D。从不饱和脂肪酸相对含量来讲,处理D、处理W、处理B、处理CA处理优于其他处理,尽管各脂肪酸成分不同。
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香榧种仁中含有丰富的营养元素。从表3可以看出:氮元素质量分数为51.050~54.645 g·kg−1,镁元素质量分数为4.595~5.188 g·kg−1,铁元素质量分数为45.718~68.594 mg·kg−1。氮、镁、铁元素质量分数最高的均为处理A的香榧种仁,比对照分别增加了6.9%、11.6%、5.8%。铜元素质量分数为17.874~22.911 mg·kg−1,锰元素质量分数为27.497~35.295 mg·kg−1,铜、锰质量分数最高的均为处理F的香榧种仁,比对照分别增加了3.9%、28.3%。磷元素质量分数为6.139~6.728 g·kg−1,钙元素质量分数0.706~0.879 g·kg−1,磷和钙质量分数最高的均为处理CA的香榧种仁,比对照分别增加了9.6%和14.0%。
表 3 不同叶面肥处理下香榧种仁营养元素质量分数
Table 3. The element contents of kernel under different foliar fertilizer treatments in T. grandis‘Merrillii’
处理 氮/(g·kg−1) 磷/(g·kg−1) 钾/(g·kg−1) 钙/(g·kg−1) 镁/(g·kg−1) 铜/(mg·kg−1) ck 51.108±3.197 d 6.139±0.084 f 12.118±0.523 bcd 0.771±0.083 cd 4.649±0.123 bc 22.055±2.148 b A 54.645±2.105 a 6.463±0.370 c 11.704±1.638 cd 0.849±0.089 ab 5.188±0.319 a 19.630±1.800 c F 52.135±2.729 c 6.393±0.251 d 12.078±1.442 cd 0.706±0.096 e 4.886±0.324 abc 22.911±0.469 a K 53.531±1.831 b 6.437±0.281 c 11.631±1.354 d 0.799±0.032 cd 4.937±0.528 ab 19.363±1.644 c B 52.328±2.384 c 6.454±0.121 c 13.006±0.295 a 0.755±0.107 d 4.595±0.381 c 22.114±1.521 b CA 53.362±1.259 b 6.728±0.287 a 12.677±0.556 ab 0.879±0.074 a 5.047±0.276 a 18.645±1.501 d W 51.050±0.650 d 6.231±0.269 e 12.215±1.537 bc 0.814±0.053 bc 4.662±0.327 bc 17.874±2.282 e D 52.044±3.550 c 6.647±0.225 b 12.102±0.511 bcd 0.846±0.092 ab 5.037±0.255 a 22.053±2.801 b 处理 锌/(mg·kg−1) 铁/(mg·kg−1) 锰/(mg·kg−1) 大量元素/(g·kg−1) 微量元素/(mg·kg−1) ck 66.105±5.100 e 64.822±6.952 a 27.502±4.345 f 74.894±4.101 d 181.484±9.545 a A 68.349±6.403 b 68.594±6.443 a 30.355±5.294 cd 78.854±4.521 a 186.803±11.940 a F 66.848±6.474 d 57.447±2.518 bc 35.295±5.500 a 76.198±4.941 c 182.501±8.961 b K 69.018±2.521 ab 48.187±4.199 de 32.720±1.890 b 77.328±4.126 b 169.288±9.254d B 63.794±5.787 f 61.254±6.337 b 30.903±4.788 c 77.138±3.287 b 178.065±10.432 c CA 67.500±4.953 c 45.718±1.005 e 30.140±2.407 d 78.586±2.460 a 162.003±8.865 f W 66.510±5.612 de 52.337±6.876 cd 27.497±1.880 f 74.973±2.936 d 164.218±9.650 f D 70.271±5.607 a 58.194±2.229 bc 29.113±3.293 e 76.675±4.634 c 179.412±7.930 c 说明:数据为均值±标准差。同一列的不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 -
如图2所示:处理A、处理F、处理CA、处理D对于花芽比例的提升均有一定作用,且差异显著(P<0.05),其中处理A的成花强度(47.415%)和处理CA的成花强度(47.058%)显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理,较对照分别提高了18.0%和17.1%;次之为处理D的成花强度(44.805%±3.549%)和处理F的成花强度(44.258%±1.375%),较对照分别提高11.5%和10.1%;处理W的成花强度(37.680%±2.332%)最低,比对照减少6.2%。
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从图3可以看出:5月13—19日香榧种实的膨大率在波动中呈上升趋势,5月19—23日处理B膨大率仍在继续上升,而其他处理则开始下降;5月23日至6月13日对照和处理K的膨大率先上升后下降,而其他处理则持续下降,在7月1日左右趋于平稳,其中处理CA的下降趋势较其他处理较为平缓。
图 3 不同叶面肥处理下香榧种实膨大率和坐果率
Figure 3. Expansion and fruit-setting rates under different foliar fertilizer treatments of seeds in T. grandis‘Merrillii’
对香榧种实7月坐果率进行多重比较分析发现:处理A 的坐果率(15.625%)显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理,比对照增加了23.4%,其次是处理CA(14.037%)和处理B (13.507%),比对照分别提高了10.9%和6.7%;最低的是处理F(4.831%),低于对照61.8%。
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由表4可知:15项指标经主成分分析后提取出5个主成分,特征值均大于1.000,累计方差贡献率为91.701%,说明前5个主成分所含有原本15项指标91.701%的信息。根据主成分分析结果对影响香榧种实品质的各方面因素进行综合评价,利用公式计算综合得分(F):F=0.3892F1+0.2184F2+ 0.1410F3+0.1025F4+0.0660F5,综合主成分F值越高,综合品质表现越好。由表5可见:处理A的综合评分最高,说明喷施氨基酸肥可有效改善香榧种实的品质。此外,处理CA、处理D的香榧种实品质的也受到显著影响,说明钙肥和大量元素肥也可有效改善香榧种实的品质。
表 4 主成分因子载荷矩阵
Table 4. Load matrix of principal component factor
指标 主成分 指标 主成分 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 核形指数 0.911 −0.235 −0.182 0.111 −0.231 可溶性糖质量分数 −0.141 0.204 0.847 0.310 −0.101 单核质量 0.871 −0.109 −0.196 0.358 −0.236 不饱和脂肪酸相对含量 0.364 −0.729 −0.217 0.074 0.298 出核率 0.084 −0.156 0.736 0.409 0.082 金松酸相对含量 0.744 −0.482 0.029 0.218 −0.203 仁形指数 0.292 0.851 −0.367 0.133 0.142 大量元素质量分数 0.893 0.352 0.065 −0.260 0.063 单仁质量 0.947 −0.119 −0.083 0.154 −0.163 微量元素质量分数 −0.174 0.623 −0.059 0.685 −0.284 出仁率 0.894 −0.105 0.114 −0.265 0.284 成花强度 0.844 0.442 −0.152 0.085 0.182 油脂质量分数 0.661 0.093 0.618 −0.090 0.094 坐果率 0.314 0.561 0.356 −0.039 0.429 蛋白质质量分数 0.234 0.014 0.403 −0.671 −0.556 特征值 6.227 3.494 2.256 1.640 1.055 淀粉质量分数 −0.125 −0.904 0.148 0.257 0.228 累计贡献率 38.918 60.753 74.855 85.104 91.701 表 5 喷施叶面肥后香榧种实的综合评分
Table 5. Comprehensive evaluation of T. grandis‘Merrillii’seeds after spraying foliar fertilizer
处理 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F 排名 ck −4.803 2.456 0.201 0.604 0.601 −1.203 7 A 8.532 1.661 1.599 1.234 −0.584 3.997 1 F 0.614 −0.514 −2.829 1.056 −0.914 −0.224 5 K −0.909 0.624 1.029 −2.176 −1.250 −0.378 6 B 0.501 0.089 −1.156 −0.694 −0.455 −0.050 4 CA 5.531 0.188 −0.857 −1.346 1.895 2.060 2 W −4.334 −3.806 1.152 0.130 0.008 −2.341 8 D 2.052 −0.698 0.862 1.191 0.699 0.936 3
Effect of foliar fertilization on seed quality of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’ during seed filling period
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摘要:
目的 以香榧Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’种实充实期补肥作为切入点,研究香榧种实的外观性状、营养品质、元素质量分数、花芽分化、膨大坐果等,以期为补充树体营养及提高种实品质提供理论依据。 方法 在6—8月香榧种实充实期,施用清水作为对照,并喷施7种商品叶面肥进行处理(氨基酸水溶肥、黄腐酸水溶肥、活力钾水溶肥、高力钙水溶肥、液体硼水溶肥、微量元素水溶肥、大量元素水溶肥),测定香榧种实外形、含油率及脂肪酸组分、粗蛋白质量分数、淀粉质量分数、可溶性糖质量分数、成花强度等指标,分析施肥对香榧种实品质的影响。 结果 喷施氨基酸水溶肥和大量元素水溶肥能显著(P<0.05)增加香榧种实的核形指数、单核质量、出核率、仁型指数、单仁质量,显著(P<0.05)降低淀粉质量分数,明显提高油脂质量分数、可溶性糖质量分数及成花强度,其中氨基酸水溶肥处理的香榧种实单核质量较对照提高9.8%,淀粉质量分数较对照减少1.9%;大量元素水溶肥处理的香榧种实单仁质量、油脂质量分数、可溶性糖质量分数较对照分别增加9.5%、11.9%、15.9%。同时,喷施氨基酸水溶肥对香榧种实金松酸相对含量起到显著(P<0.05)的促进作用,较对照增加15.9%;喷施大量元素水溶肥香榧种实不饱和脂肪酸相对含量较对照显著(P<0.05)增加4.2%。此外,高力钙水溶肥对香榧种实出仁率、成花强度和坐果率具有促进作用,较对照分别提高3.3%、17.1%和10.9%;活力钾水溶肥较对照显著(P<0.05)提高香榧种实蛋白质质量分数13.6%。通过主成分分析发现:氨基酸水溶肥处理的香榧种实品质综合评分最高。 结论 喷施不同叶面肥对香榧种实品质的作用存在差异,氨基酸水溶肥处理的效果最佳,高力钙水溶肥、大量元素水溶肥次之。图3表5参29 Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore aspects of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’ seeds, including appearance, nutritional quality, element content, flower bud differentiation, and expansion and fruit setting, so as to provide a theoretical basis for supplementing tree nutrition and improving seed quality. Method During the seed filling period of T. grandis ‘Merrillii’ from June to August, the seeds were treated with water as a control and sprayed with 7 commercial foliar fertilizers (amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer, active potassium water-soluble fertilizer, high-strength calcium water-soluble fertilizer, liquid boron water-soluble fertilizer, trace element water-soluble fertilizer, and macro-element water-soluble fertilizer). Physiological indicators of seeds in terms of seed morphology, oil content and fatty acid composition, crude protein content, starch content, soluble sugar content, and flowering intensity were measured and their effects on seed quality were analyzed. Result Spraying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and macro-element water-soluble fertilizer significantly increased (P<0.05) the kernel shape index, single kernel mass, nucleation rate, kernel type index, and single kernel mass of seeds, as well as oil content, soluble sugar content, and flowering intensity, and significantly reduced starch content. Among them, the single kernel mass of seeds treated with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer increased by 9.8% compared with the control, while the starch content decreased by 1.9%. The single kernel mass, oil content, and soluble sugar content of seeds treated with macro-element water-soluble fertilizer increased by 9.5%, 11.9%, and 15.9%, respectively, compared with the control. At the same time, spraying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer significantly promoted (P<0.05) the content of taxoleic acid in seeds, which increased by 15.9% compared with the control, while spraying macro-element water-soluble fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds by 4.2% compared with the control. In addition, high-strength calcium water-soluble fertilizer had a significant promoting effect (P<0.05) on the increase of kernel yield, flowering intensity, and fruit setting rate, which were 3.3%, 17.1%, and 10.9% higher than the control. The active potassium water-soluble fertilizer significantly increased the protein content of seeds by 13.6% compared with the control. Principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive quality score of seeds treated with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer was the highest. Conclusion The amino acid water-soluble fertilizer treatment has the best effect, followed by high-strength calcium water-soluble fertilizer and macro-element water-soluble fertilizer. [Ch, 3 fig. 5 tab. 29 ref.] -
Key words:
- Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’ /
- seed filling period /
- foliar fertilization /
- fruit quality
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表 1 不同叶面肥处理下香榧种实形态指标的比较
Table 1. Comparison of morphological indexes under different foliar fertilizer treatments of seeds in T. grandis‘Merrillii’
处理 核形指数 单核质量/g 出核率/% 仁形指数 单仁质量/g 出仁率/% ck 1.844±0.071 b 1.833±0.257 b 20.027±0.647 ab 2.228±0.086 ab 1.209±0.071 b 66.009±0.345 c A 2.001±0.093 a 2.013±0.207 a 21.720±0.944 a 2.233±0.144 a 1.357±0.099 a 67.742±0.651 b F 1.979±0.042 a 1.993±0.105 a 18.923±0.211 bc 2.225±0.053 ab 1.333±0.056 a 66.864±0.993 bc K 1.927±0.040 ab 1.904±0.107 ab 19.386±0.828 bc 2.179±0.056 ab 1.296±0.074 ab 67.184±0.804 b B 1.961±0.105 ab 1.952±0.277 ab 18.059±0.724 c 2.192±0.125 ab 1.291±0.198 ab 66.947±0.947 bc CA 1.962±0.072 ab 1.939±0.083 ab 19.520±0.864 b 2.231±0.088 a 1.321±0.057 ab 68.197±0.218 a W 1.936±0.083 ab 1.906±0.152 ab 21.403±0.455 a 2.070±0.093 b 1.276±0.104 ab 66.981±0.645 bc D 1.944±0.035 ab 1.970±0.065 ab 19.952±0.614 b 2.190±0.038 ab 1.324±0.047 a 67.230±0.932 b 说明:数据为均值±标准差。同一列的不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 表 2 不同叶面肥处理下香榧种实脂肪酸组成和相对含量
Table 2. Composition and contents and fatty acid under different foliar fertilizer treatments of seeds in T. grandis‘Merrillii’
处理 相对含量/% 棕榈酸 硬脂酸 油酸 亚油酸 亚麻酸 ck 8.985±0.106 g 3.528±0.107 e 38.172±3.327 a 39.512±2.915 d 0.279±0.008 d A 8.451±0.115 e 2.927±0.127 d 35.254±2.426 e 42.364±2.700 b 0.291±0.013 cd F 7.965±0.222 d 2.297±0.019 ab 36.658±2.457 bc 42.412±2.858 b 0.287±0.009 d K 8.627±0.323 f 3.147±0.237 d 37.246±2.431 b 40.570±3.552 c 0.330±0.016 a B 6.822±0.413 b 2.505±0.214 bc 36.848±1.673 bc 42.973±2.907 b 0.301±0.014 bc CA 7.045±0.375 c 2.622±0.327 c 36.910±1.781 bc 42.606±3.682 b 0.301±0.017 bc W 6.897±0.408 b 2.397±0.112 bc 35.862±1.535 de 43.950±3.648 a 0.303±0.022 bc D 6.706±0.636 a 2.158±0.313 a 36.479±2.298 cd 43.974±3.358 a 0.307±0.025 b 处理 相对含量/% 花生一烯酸 花生二烯酸 金松酸 饱和脂肪酸 不饱和脂肪酸 ck 0.452±0.021 b 1.480±0.130 b 7.591±0.868 e 12.513±2.303 g 87.487±5.826 g A 0.472±0.057 b 1.446±0.110 b 8.797±0.334 a 11.377±2.341 e 88.623±6.141 e F 0.476±0.043 b 1.462±0.115 b 8.442±0.503 bc 10.262±2.309 d 89.738±7.509 d K 0.543±0.045 a 1.478±0.186 b 8.060±1.046 d 11.774±2.558 f 88.226±6.007 f B 0.496±0.044 ab 1.543±0.093 b 8.513±1.034 bc 9.327±1.628 b 90.673±7.933 b CA 0.453±0.062 b 1.721±0.080 a 8.342±0.987 c 9.666±1.703 c 90.334±8.103 c W 0.444±0.012 b 1.528±0.096 b 8.619±0.923 ab 9.294±1.522 b 90.706±7.841 b D 0.457±0.030 b 1.592±0.142 ab 8.328±0.720 c 8.864±0.950 a 91.136±8.058 a 说明:数据为均值±标准差。同列的不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 表 3 不同叶面肥处理下香榧种仁营养元素质量分数
Table 3. The element contents of kernel under different foliar fertilizer treatments in T. grandis‘Merrillii’
处理 氮/(g·kg−1) 磷/(g·kg−1) 钾/(g·kg−1) 钙/(g·kg−1) 镁/(g·kg−1) 铜/(mg·kg−1) ck 51.108±3.197 d 6.139±0.084 f 12.118±0.523 bcd 0.771±0.083 cd 4.649±0.123 bc 22.055±2.148 b A 54.645±2.105 a 6.463±0.370 c 11.704±1.638 cd 0.849±0.089 ab 5.188±0.319 a 19.630±1.800 c F 52.135±2.729 c 6.393±0.251 d 12.078±1.442 cd 0.706±0.096 e 4.886±0.324 abc 22.911±0.469 a K 53.531±1.831 b 6.437±0.281 c 11.631±1.354 d 0.799±0.032 cd 4.937±0.528 ab 19.363±1.644 c B 52.328±2.384 c 6.454±0.121 c 13.006±0.295 a 0.755±0.107 d 4.595±0.381 c 22.114±1.521 b CA 53.362±1.259 b 6.728±0.287 a 12.677±0.556 ab 0.879±0.074 a 5.047±0.276 a 18.645±1.501 d W 51.050±0.650 d 6.231±0.269 e 12.215±1.537 bc 0.814±0.053 bc 4.662±0.327 bc 17.874±2.282 e D 52.044±3.550 c 6.647±0.225 b 12.102±0.511 bcd 0.846±0.092 ab 5.037±0.255 a 22.053±2.801 b 处理 锌/(mg·kg−1) 铁/(mg·kg−1) 锰/(mg·kg−1) 大量元素/(g·kg−1) 微量元素/(mg·kg−1) ck 66.105±5.100 e 64.822±6.952 a 27.502±4.345 f 74.894±4.101 d 181.484±9.545 a A 68.349±6.403 b 68.594±6.443 a 30.355±5.294 cd 78.854±4.521 a 186.803±11.940 a F 66.848±6.474 d 57.447±2.518 bc 35.295±5.500 a 76.198±4.941 c 182.501±8.961 b K 69.018±2.521 ab 48.187±4.199 de 32.720±1.890 b 77.328±4.126 b 169.288±9.254d B 63.794±5.787 f 61.254±6.337 b 30.903±4.788 c 77.138±3.287 b 178.065±10.432 c CA 67.500±4.953 c 45.718±1.005 e 30.140±2.407 d 78.586±2.460 a 162.003±8.865 f W 66.510±5.612 de 52.337±6.876 cd 27.497±1.880 f 74.973±2.936 d 164.218±9.650 f D 70.271±5.607 a 58.194±2.229 bc 29.113±3.293 e 76.675±4.634 c 179.412±7.930 c 说明:数据为均值±标准差。同一列的不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 表 4 主成分因子载荷矩阵
Table 4. Load matrix of principal component factor
指标 主成分 指标 主成分 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 核形指数 0.911 −0.235 −0.182 0.111 −0.231 可溶性糖质量分数 −0.141 0.204 0.847 0.310 −0.101 单核质量 0.871 −0.109 −0.196 0.358 −0.236 不饱和脂肪酸相对含量 0.364 −0.729 −0.217 0.074 0.298 出核率 0.084 −0.156 0.736 0.409 0.082 金松酸相对含量 0.744 −0.482 0.029 0.218 −0.203 仁形指数 0.292 0.851 −0.367 0.133 0.142 大量元素质量分数 0.893 0.352 0.065 −0.260 0.063 单仁质量 0.947 −0.119 −0.083 0.154 −0.163 微量元素质量分数 −0.174 0.623 −0.059 0.685 −0.284 出仁率 0.894 −0.105 0.114 −0.265 0.284 成花强度 0.844 0.442 −0.152 0.085 0.182 油脂质量分数 0.661 0.093 0.618 −0.090 0.094 坐果率 0.314 0.561 0.356 −0.039 0.429 蛋白质质量分数 0.234 0.014 0.403 −0.671 −0.556 特征值 6.227 3.494 2.256 1.640 1.055 淀粉质量分数 −0.125 −0.904 0.148 0.257 0.228 累计贡献率 38.918 60.753 74.855 85.104 91.701 表 5 喷施叶面肥后香榧种实的综合评分
Table 5. Comprehensive evaluation of T. grandis‘Merrillii’seeds after spraying foliar fertilizer
处理 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F 排名 ck −4.803 2.456 0.201 0.604 0.601 −1.203 7 A 8.532 1.661 1.599 1.234 −0.584 3.997 1 F 0.614 −0.514 −2.829 1.056 −0.914 −0.224 5 K −0.909 0.624 1.029 −2.176 −1.250 −0.378 6 B 0.501 0.089 −1.156 −0.694 −0.455 −0.050 4 CA 5.531 0.188 −0.857 −1.346 1.895 2.060 2 W −4.334 −3.806 1.152 0.130 0.008 −2.341 8 D 2.052 −0.698 0.862 1.191 0.699 0.936 3 -
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