Urban park layout in the main urban area of Fuzhou in the light of service ability
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摘要:
目的 城市公园布局合理性是城市人居环境建设重要体现，对福州市主城区城市公园的服务能力分析对提高布局合理性具有重要意义。 方法 利用GIS空间统计法，提出游憩可达性与避灾覆盖率2项指标对福州主城区城市公园现状布局分析；通过城市兴趣点(POI)数据计算城市服务压力对城市公园潜在服务需求分析。 结果 台江区、鼓楼区现状服务能力较好，避灾覆盖率大且路网丰富，可达性较好，服务能力最好的是鼓楼前公园；晋安区与仓山区现状服务能力较差，避灾覆盖率小且路网较差，较偏僻地区可达性较差，服务能力最差的是飞凤山公园。城市公园潜在需求分析表明鼓楼区服务压力最大，仓山区服务压力最小，城市公园集中在鼓楼区与仓山区。 结论 城市公园的布局较好呈聚集性分布，布局合理性很好的区域主要分布在在鼓楼区北部与台江区南部。布局合理性很差的区域主要分布于仓山区的南部及东南部地区、晋安区东部及北部地区，原因是这些区域本来公园绿地就少，避灾覆盖率及游憩可达性较差。从城市空间布局上对城市公园优化，对城市公园现状优化有12个，其中，台江区4个，鼓楼区3个，晋安区2个，仓山区3个；根据土地利用情况，建设潜在城市公园：仓山区可建45个城市公园，鼓楼区可建7个城市公园，晋安区可建19个城市公园。图10表3参25 Abstract:Objective With an analysis conducted of the service capacity of urban parks in the main urban area of Fuzhou, this study is aimed to optimize the layout of urban parks, which is reflective of the construction of urban human settlements. Method Firstly, using the GIS spatial statistical method, the current status of urban parks was analyzed with the two indicators of recreational accessibility and disaster avoidance coverage employed. Then the city service pressure was calculated before an analysis was made of the potential service demand of city parks by means of city POI (point of interest) data. Result 1) The current service capacity of Taijiang District and Gulou District is good, as is shown in the large disaster avoidance coverage a well-built transport network and the easy access with Gulouqian Park demonstrating the best service ability; 2) The current service ability of Jinan District and Cangshan District is poor, shown in the small disaster avoidance coverage, the inadequate transport network and the poor accessibility with Feifengshan Park demonstrating the worst service capacity; 3) In terms of potential demand for urban parks, with the urban parks mainly distributed in Gulou District and Cangshan District, Gulou District has the highest service pressure while Cangshan District has the least service pressure. Conclusion In conclusion, the layout of city parks is generally favorable with a distribution featured with spacial aggregation: the city parks with a good layout are mainly distributed in the north of Gulou District and the south of Taijiang District while the ones with poor layout rationality are mainly distributed in the southern and southeastern regions of Cangshan District as well as the eastern and northern regions of Jin’an District. The lack of parkland, small avoidance coverage and poor access in such areas are the main reasons behind the low rationality. As a result, it is of vital importance to optimize the urban spatial layout of the 12 optimized urban parks: 4 are located in Taijiang District, 3 are located in Gulou District, 2 are located in Jin’an District with the rest 3 in Cangshan District. On the other hand, with the current land use circumstances taken into consideration, potential urban parks should be built: 45 in Cangshan District, 7 in Gulou District, and 19 in Jin’an District. [Ch, 10 fig. 3 tab. 25 ref.] -
Key words:
- city park /
- service capacity /
- layout analysis /
- service pressure /
- main area of Fuzhou
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图 1 研究区城市公园及其入口点分布图
Figure 1 Distribution of urban parks and their entry points in the study area
图 4 城市公园不同避灾类型服务域
Figure 4 Service areas of different types of disaster prevention in city parks
图 5 不同街道城市公园避灾服务域覆盖率
Figure 5 Coverage rate of disaster prevention service areas in urban parks in different streets
图 7 研究区城市公园服务压力分布
Figure 7 Service pressure distribution of urban parks in the study area
图 10 研究区城市公园潜在建设点
Figure 10 Potential construction sites of urban parks in the study area
表 1 不同等级游憩可达性面积
Table 1. Area of different grades of recreational accessibility
等级 面积/ km2 比例/% 一级 95.42 38.43 二级 59.54 23.98 三级 29.45 11.86 四级 31.81 12.81 五级 32.08 12.92 
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表 2 不同等级避灾覆盖率街道分布
Table 2. Street distribution of different levels of disaster avoidance coverage
等级 数量/个 街道 一级 3 新店镇、城门镇、螺洲镇 二级 7 鼓山镇、五凤街道、建新镇、上渡街道、仓山镇、盖山镇、东升街道 三级 11 洪山镇、华大街道、岳峰镇、王庄街道、象园街道、瀛洲街道、义洲街道、宁化街道、金山街道、鳌峰街道、三叉街道 四级 16 茶园街道、温泉街道、水部街道、新港街道、鼓东街道、东街街道、鼓西街道、南街街道、安泰街、上海街道、后洲街道、苍霞街道、临江街道、仓前街道、下渡街道、对湖街道 五级 2 茶亭街道、洋中街道
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表 3 不同等级服务压力的公园分布
Table 3. Park distribution of different grades of service pressure
等级 数量/个 街道 一级 8 飞凤山公园、福州动物园、花海公园、高盖山公园、鳌峰公园、乌江湿地公园、沙滩公园、儿童公园 二级 12 五凤公园、仓前公园、国光公园、金牛山公园、夏雨苑公园、琴亭湖公园、市树公园、左海公园、江心公园、金鸡山公园、闽江公园(北园)、金山公园 三级 11 金山公园、文林山公园、西河公园、水上公园、长安山公园、劳动者公园、江滨休闲广场、闽江公园(南园)、榕成广场、金港公园、屏山公园 四级 11 晋安河公园、亚峰公园、白马河公园、环南公园、西禅寺公园、苍霞公园、乌山风景区、烟台山公园、西湖公园、秋龙湖公园、光明港公园 五级 5 南公园、鼓楼前公园、茶亭公园、温泉公园、于山风景区
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