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竹类植物是地球陆地生态系统中的重要资源,是热带和亚热带森林的重要组成部分,是集经济、生态和社会效益于一体的优良木本植物,在区域社会经济发展和生态环境保护中发挥着重要的作用。竹子在整个生命活动过程中常会遇到各种环境胁迫,对竹子的生长发育会造成不利影响,胁迫达到一定程度甚至会引起竹子死亡[1]。植物在长期的进化过程中,为了最大限度地利用环境资源,对所处的环境胁迫产生各种各样的可塑性反应,包括形态可塑性[2]、生理可塑性等[3-4],其中,生理可塑性是植物克服环境胁迫的重要途径[5]。开展竹子生理可塑性的研究能更准确地了解环境胁迫对竹子生理生态的影响,可以为竹子可持续经营提供理论依据。关于竹子对逆境的生理响应与适应国内外开展了较多的研究,本文从活性氧代谢、膜脂过氧化、抗氧化酶系统、渗透调节系统、光合生理等方面对竹子生理可塑性的环境胁迫效应研究进行了综述,并对相关的重点研究方向进行了展望。
Environmental stress on physiological plasticity of bamboo: a review
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摘要: 竹子在生长过程中会受到各种环境胁迫,对逆境会做出生理上的响应和适应。在长期的进化过程中,竹子形成了相应的保护机制和生态适应对策,其中,生理可塑性是对环境影响反应的最直接表现。环境胁迫包括温度、水分和土壤盐碱、养分、重金属和大气污染等。从活性氧代谢、膜脂过氧化、抗氧化酶系统、渗透调节系统和光合生理等方面对竹子生理可塑性的环境胁迫效应研究进行了综述,并对竹子环境胁迫的生理适应与响应机制、基于生理可塑性多因子综合评价的抗逆竹种筛选、环境胁迫对竹子分布区域和碳平衡等重点研究方向进行了展望,旨在为环境变化特别是气候变化背景下的竹林适应性经营对策提供理论参考。Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical reference for management countermeasures of bamboo adaptability considering a background of environmental change, especially climate change.During growth various environmental stresses affect bamboo which in turn responds with a physical answer and adaptation.In the long-term evolutionary process, bamboo has formed corresponding protection mechanisms and ecological adaptation strategies; however, physiological plasticity is the most direct response to environmental impacts from stress including temperature, moisture, soil salinity, nutrients, atmospheric pollution, and heavy metals.The effects of environmental stress on physiological plasticity of bamboo are reviewed from active oxygen metabolism, membrane lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzyme system, osmotic regulation system, and photosynthetic physiology to name a few.The key research direction of bamboo in physiological adaptability and response mechanism, sifting of stress resistance, distribution and carbon balance with environmental stress is also presented.
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