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重金属污染物排放和扩散进入环境而造成日趋严重的污染问题,如何有效地消除环境中重金属污染物已成为世界性难题。植物修复是利用植物及其根际圈微生物体系的吸收、挥发和转化、降解等作用来清除污染环境中的污染物质,与物理和化学途径相比,植物修复手段更廉价高效,且对环境的副作用更少,其修复模式包括植物提取、植物挥发、植物稳定和植物降解等4种,其中植物提取是利用植物对重金属的吸收,通过收获地上部来达到降低土壤重金属浓度的目的,是解决重金属污染问题的理想途径之一,已在学术界及相应的应用领域得到广泛认可[1-2]。植物长期生长在重金属污染的生境中,面临非生物胁迫,逐渐进化成不同的生态型,可筛选其中适应性强的生态型作为植物修复材料。杨肖娥等[3]通过调查中国东南部古老铅锌(Pb/Zn)矿和非矿山生境中的植物种群,发现生长在古老铅锌矿的东南景天Sedum alfredii 是一种新的锌镉(Zn/Cd)超积累植物。这一发现为植物修复提供了一种很有潜力的候选材料。不同地域的东南景天在重金属积累性上存在显著差异,可分为超积累(HE)和非超积累(NHE)等2种生态型(下文都以HE-东南景天、NHE-东南景天表示)。东南景天易于繁殖,采用东南景天叶片为外植体,可诱导愈合组织并再生完整植株[4]。目前,东南景天的研究不仅受到了国内研究者的重视,也引起了国外科学家的关注,已展开其对重金属的吸收富集机制及重金属污染修复效果等一系列研究。
Research progress on using Sedum alfredii for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil
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摘要: 植物修复是净化重金属污染土壤最有潜力的原位修复技术之一,因地制宜地选择植物修复材料是大田植物修复成功实施的关键。国内外已发现的众多重金属超积累植物具有不同的生理特性,其中东南景天Sedum alfredii可忍耐和富集镉(Cd)和锌(Zn)等多种重金属,并且具有生长迅速的特点,是研究植物修复技术的模式植物之一。综述了东南景天对重金属的耐性、吸收、转运及解毒机制,阐明东南景天研究过程中存在的问题,并对其研究前景和方向作了简要分析,为重金属污染土壤植物修复工作的深入开展提供参考。Abstract: Phytoremediation is an in situ potential strategy for cleanup of soil contaminated by heavy metals. Proper selection of plant materials is a key to successful phytoremediation in the field. A number of identified hyperaccumulators possess different physiological characteristics. Sedum alfredii plants typically have high heavy metal(e.g. Zn and Cd) accumulation capacity with fast growth rate as well. This paper reviewed the mechanisms of tolerance,absorption,transport and detoxification to heavy metals of this plant species, pointed out the existing problems in its research and finally made prospects of Sedum alfredii study,aiming to provide some references for better remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in the future.
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Key words:
- soil biology /
- Sedum alfredii /
- phytoremediation /
- heavy metal /
- soil /
- review
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