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竹子为禾本科Poaceae竹亚科Bambusoideae多年生常绿植物,在中国分布很广,资源十分丰富[1-2]。竹子在建筑、水利、农业等领域都有广泛的应用,然而,竹子加工利用后,竹叶却总是被弃置,造成了极大浪费[2]。竹叶中含有多种活性物质,其主要活性物质是黄酮类物质,平均质量分数为2%[3]。研究发现,其清除DPPH·(2,2-二苯基-2-苦味基肼)的能力比茶多酚强[3],并且对超氧负离子及羟基自由基均表现出较好的清除效果[2, 4],是一类极具开发前景的天然有机抗氧化剂。郝培应等[5]对6个竹种竹叶黄酮抗氧化性的研究表明:竹叶中黄酮的高低及其抗氧化性能的强弱与竹种有关。一些研究发现:竹叶中黄酮更与季节相关[6-8]。然而,有关竹叶黄酮及其抗氧化性随竹种、季节等因素变化的相关报道并不多见。本课题组以毛竹Phyllostachys edulis,雷竹Phyllostachys violascens,石竹Phyllostachys nuda和高节竹Phyllostachys prominens等 4种竹子为对象[9],研究竹叶中黄酮类物质及其抗氧化活性随竹种、季节的变化规律,为高效地利用竹叶资源提供科学依据。
Seasonal flavonoid and anti-oxidant changes in leaves of four bamboo species
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摘要: 以毛竹Phyllostachys edulis, 雷竹Phyllostachys violascens, 石竹Phyllostachys nuda和高节竹Phyllostachys prominens等4种竹子为研究对象, 用硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法测定黄酮质量分数, 并采用DPPH·(1, 1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)法和ABTS+·[2, 2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐]法测定竹叶黄酮的抗氧化活性, 以考察竹叶黄酮质量分数和抗氧化活性随季节和竹种的变化规律。结果表明:春季毛竹的竹叶黄酮质量分数最高(2.12%±0.15%)(P<0.05), 夏季、秋季和冬季4种竹子间无显著性差异(P>0.05);石竹的竹叶黄酮质量分数四季变化不显著(P>0.05), 毛竹夏季的竹叶黄酮质量分数(2.36%±0.60%)高于冬季(1.52%±0.04%)(P<0.05), 雷竹(2.40%±0.17%)和高节竹(2.07%±0.13%)的竹叶黄酮质量分数以夏季最高。4种竹子的竹叶黄酮对DPPH·的清除能力都表现在夏季较强, 四季的各竹种竹叶黄酮对DPPH·的清除能力以毛竹较强。4种竹子的竹叶黄酮对ABTS+·的清除能力都表现在春季和秋季较强, 四季各竹种间差异性不大(P>0.05)。Abstract: Leaves of four bamboo species:Phyllostachys edulis, Phyllostachys violascens, Phyllostachys nuda, and Phyllostachys prominens were studied to determine variation in flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity for different seasons. Aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite colorimetry was used to find the flavonoid content with 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH·) and 2, 2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS+·) being employed to discover anti-oxidative activity. Results in spring showed that flavonoid content of Ph. edulis was highest(2.12%±0.15%)(P<0.05), but in summer, autumn, and winter, there were no significant differences among the four bamboo species(P>0.05) in the test flavonoid content. Flavonoid content of Ph. nuda did not change significantly (P>0.05) during the four seasons; for Ph. edulis, summer flavonoid content(2.36%±0.6%) was higher than winter(1.52%±0.04%)(P<0.05);and for Ph. violascens(2.40%±0.17%) and Ph. prominens (2.07%±0.13%) the highest flavonoid content was in summer. The scavenging ability of DPPH·for bamboo leaf flavonoids was higher in summer with Ph. edulis being best. The scavenging ability of ABTS+·for bamboo leaf flavonoids was greater in spring and autumn with no significance (P>0.05) between species. These results can be used for the exploitation of bamboo resources.
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Key words:
- plant physiology /
- flavonoids /
- DPPH· /
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/ - ABTS+· /
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/ - anti-oxidant activities /
- seasonal change
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链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2014.02.017