Spatial patterns of ancient villages in Xishan National Forest Park based on a settlement suitability analysis
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摘要: 聚落研究是人地关系研究的重要领域,迅速兴起的森林旅游业对经济发达地区森林公园范围内的古村落保护构成严重的威胁。以江苏省苏州市西山森林公园Landsat 7遥感影像和数字高程模型为主要数据源,选择海拔、坡度、坡向、距河流距离、土地覆盖类型、距道路距离等作为西山森林公园内聚落适宜性评价的影响因子,基于地理信息系统(GIS)空间叠加分析模块,结合景观格局理论,对研究区进行聚落适宜性评价,并在此基础上,以东村古村为例,对现状聚落斑块布局加以分析,提出尝试性建议。结果表明:①聚落最适宜区域面积较小,只有263.34 hm2,占比3.13%,最不适宜区域面积最大,达3 973.68 hm2,占比47.17%。②从景观格局角度,最适宜区域的平均形状指标(AWMSI),斑块平均大小(MPS),斑块面积方差(PPSD)指标值都是最小。相反,在最不适宜区域这些指标值都是最大。③研究区域现状聚落斑块大多布局合理,应加以保留完善,而对于分布不适宜的聚落斑块,在保护的基础上对其采取合理有序的调整优化措施。④东村保存较完好的第1类、第2类风貌建筑和破损严重的第3类风貌建筑大多位于聚落最适宜和较适宜区域,以违章建筑、临时建筑为主的第4类风貌建筑则占用了聚落较适宜区域。图3表4参16Abstract: Settlements, an important field of research for relationships between humans and the land, has shown a severe threat to ancient villages located in Xishan National Forest Park because of rapid increases in forest tourism. To provide suggestions for improvement of the ancient village in Xishan National Forest Park, Landsat 7 remote sensing images and a digital elevation model of Xishan Forest Park were used as the main data sources for elevation, slope, aspect, distance to rivers, land cover, and distance to roads. Evaluation of settlements was based on a GIS spatial stacking analysis module combined with landscape pattern theory. Analysis and optimization of the settlement patch distribution included landscape patterns of Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index (AWMSI), Mean Patch Size (MPS), and Patch Size Standard Deviation (PSSD) indexes. The results showed that (1) only 263.34 hm2 accounting for 3.13% was most suitable for settlements; whereas, 3 973.68 hm2 was not suitable accounting for 47.17%. (2) For landscape patterns AWMSI, MPS, and PSSD indexes were minimum in the most suitable areas, but these indexes were maximum in the most unsuitable areas. (3) For settlement patches located in unsuitable areas, reasonable optimization measures should be taken to adjust settlement structure on the basis of protection. (4) In the ancient village of Dongcun, buildings with first-class, second-class and third-class architectural features located in the most suitable and relatively suitable areas; However, fourth-class buildings composed of illegal and temporary buildings mainly occupied relatively suitable areas for settlement. It can be inferred from these results that the most unsuitable area is much larger than the most suitable area in Xishan National Forest Park. Most of the present settlement patches were reasonable and should be well preserved. Appropriate area can be an alternative building site for settlement development in the long run. [Ch, 3 fig. 4 tab. 16 ref.]
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Key words:
- landscape architecture /
- settlement /
- ancient village /
- suitability evaluation /
- GIS /
- forest park
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链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2015.06.015
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