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毛竹Phyllostachys edulis作为经济竹种,经济价值高,生产潜力大,在中国工农业生产和国民经济中占有重要的地位。毛竹营养生长周期长,开花时期不确定,并且开花后集体死亡,导致竹林面积减少,对经济发展和生态环境造成重大损失和破坏。近几年竹子频繁的开花,科研人员不断尝试各种试验手段来探究竹子开花的机制,竹子开花生物学和生殖生物学研究又成为人们关注的重点。近年来,花器官发育研究的快速发展为竹类的花发育研究提供了借鉴和基础,尤其是模式植物拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana,金鱼草Antirrhinum majus,矮牵牛Petunia hybrida等开花调控基因及其功能的研究。通过对拟南芥和金鱼草中同源异型突变体进行系统的遗传学分析[2-4],提出了花器官ABC模型的假说。在植物中,A类基因能够控制花萼形成,A类和B类基因能够共同控制花瓣的形成,B类和C类基因共同决定雄蕊的发生和发育,而C类基因则控制植物心皮的行成。反向遗传学研究显示,D类基因和E类基因的同源基因同样在调控花形态建成方面起重要作用,D类基因调控胚珠的形成和发育[5-7],而E类基因在所有花器官的形成中起着调控作用[8-10]。在花发育调控中大部分基因属于MADS-box基因家族,该家族基因拥有典型的MADS-box保守结构域,是一类重要的转录因子,主要在植物花器官的发育及开花时间的调控上起作用。目前,从麻竹Dendrocalamus latiflorus和绿竹Bambusa oldhamii中已经分离了与竹子花发育密切相关的MADS-box基因,并对其功能进行初步了分析[11-12],但是对于毛竹MADS-box基因的相关报道比较少,研究人员曾对毛竹的E类基因PeMADS1进行了初步的鉴定与分析[13]。本研究以毛竹花样品为研究材料,首次克隆了1个A类的MADS-box基因PheMADS15,并对该基因与麻竹、拟南芥和水稻Oryza sativa等不同物种同源基因亲缘关系进行了分析,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)研究它在毛竹不同组织上的表达差异,初步鉴定了PheMADS15的功能,为竹子开花和育种奠定了基础。
Isolation and functional analysis of the PheMADS15 gene in Phyllostachys edulis
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摘要: 以毛竹Phyllostachys edulis花为材料,通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)克隆技术从毛竹中分离得到1个含完整编码区的cDNA,长603 bp,编码200个氨基酸。命名为PheMADS15(GenBank登记号:KU721916)。对PheMADS15进行分析表明,该基因具有典型的MADS-box基因结构域,与拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana的A类基因AP1编码蛋白的同源性为58.65%。通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)克隆技术检测了PheMADS15在毛竹花芽、苞片、颖片、稃片、浆片、雄蕊、雌蕊和幼胚中的相对表达量。分析表明:PheMADS15基因在毛竹花发育的初期表达量最高,主要在花芽中表达,可能参与毛竹成花转变过程。Abstract: As a kind of transcription factors, MADS-box genes play significant roles during floral development, but their identification and functions in Phyllostachys edulis remain unclear. Here, we performed functional analysis of the PheMADS15 gene in Ph. edulis. PheMADS15 cDNA was isolated from Phyllostachys edulis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (GenBank accession No. KU721916). This study also used a quantitative real-time, polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and a homology analysis. Results showed that the gene was 603 bp and encoded a protein of 200 aa, which had a typical MADS-box motif. The homology analysis showed that PheMADS15 shared 58.7% similarity with the floral meristem identity gene AP1 indicating that it belonged to A function genes. The qRT-PCR detected expression of PheMADS15 in the floral bud, glume, lemma, palea, lodicule, stamen, pistil, and young embryo. Additionally, PheMADS15 had the highest expression level in the initial-phase of flower development, especially in the floral bud formation stage. These results suggest that PheMADS15 might participate in regulating flower development of Ph. edulis.
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Key words:
- forest tree breeding /
- Phyllostachys edulis /
- PheMADS15 /
- MADS-box
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.03.006