-
菊花Chrysanthemum × morifolium是多年生宿根草本花卉,其鲜切花年产量居所有花卉品种的前列。菊花具短日、喜冷凉的特性,光周期不敏感和耐热特性的夏菊是菊花育种的重要方向。夏菊由于生长开花季节处于炎热的夏季,营养生长和生殖生长都受到一定程度的影响。不同夏菊品种的耐热特性差异较大,部分品种夏季高温条件下难以正常开放,开展相应的田间和生理生化指标评价极有必要。水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)对植物的生长发育有重要的调控作用,被认为是一种新的植物生长调节物质,它不仅能够调控植物的生长,也能够提高植物的抗逆性,抵抗不良的环境条件。杨华庚等[1]运用水杨酸对蝴蝶兰Phalaenopsis幼苗进行处理,结果显示外源水杨酸处理可以提高蝴蝶兰幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)等抗氧化酶的活性来提高其耐热性。李天来等[2]通过水杨酸处理番茄Lycopersicon esculentum幼苗表明,适宜浓度的水杨酸能够降低叶片丙二醛(MDA)的质量摩尔浓度,提高植物幼苗叶片中脯氨酸(Pro)质量分数,提高植物幼苗的抗高温能力。曹淑红等[3]运用水杨酸对高温下的百日草Zinnia elegans幼苗进行处理,结果表明:水杨酸能够明显的降低百日草幼苗的热害指数,降低叶片丙二醛含量,增加脯氨酸的质量分数,提高百日草的耐热性。目前,菊花耐热方面的相关研究较少[4-5]。本研究以夏菊品种‘粉荷’Chrysanthemum × morifolium ‘Fenhe’为材料,通过叶面喷施不同浓度的水杨酸,研究水杨酸对菊花幼苗耐热性的影响,为夏菊幼苗耐热性研究和菊花的耐热育种提供理论依据。
Physiological and biochemical indexes of exogenous salicylic acid on chrysanthemum seedlings with high temperature stress
-
摘要: 为研究高温胁迫下水杨酸(SA)对菊花Chrysanthemum × morifolium幼苗热伤害的缓解作用,以扦插40 d的夏菊幼苗为材料,向叶片喷施不同浓度[0(空白),15,30,45,60 mmol·L-1]的水杨酸溶液,研究在不同高温时间[0(对照),24,48,72 h]处理下叶片叶绿素、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果表明:喷施水杨酸能够减轻菊花叶片叶绿素质量分数的降低速度,用30 mmol·L-1水杨酸处理72 h后叶片叶绿素质量分数仅比对照(未进行高温处理)降低了1.7%;高温处理后,使用不同浓度的水杨酸处理能够减轻菊花叶片丙二醛质量摩尔浓度的增加,增加脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖的质量分数,以30 mmol·L-1的水杨酸处理72 h的效果最好。菊花叶片丙二醛质量摩尔浓度仅比对照增加了86.8%,为4.76 μmol·g-1,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的质量分数则分别增加了94.3%,112.1%和80.0%,均高于其他处理;高温处理后,SOD活性呈现先升高再降低的趋势,POD和CAT活性逐渐升高,而且30 mmol·L-1水杨酸对于SOD和POD的影响最为明显,15 mmol·L-1水杨酸对于CAT的影响最显著。结果表明:短期高温胁迫引起了菊花叶片的叶绿素、可溶性渗透调节物质和抗氧化系统都受到了不容程度的伤害,水杨酸能起到一定的保护作用,减轻高温对叶片的影响。图4参14Abstract: To study the relief of salicylic acid (SA) on thermal damage in chrysanthemum seedlings with high temperature stresses of 0, 24, 48, and 72 h, cuttings from 40-day-old summer chrysanthemum seedlings were used as materials. Leaves were sprayed with different concentrations of SA (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mmol·L-1). Then the content of chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, free soluble sugar, and free soluble protein, were studied along with activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and hydrogen peroxide (CAT) enzyme. Results showed that compared with the controls, the 30 mmol·L-1 salicylic acid treatment on the leaf for 72 h reduced leaf chlorophyll content 1.7%, have significant difference (P < 0.05). After high temperature treatment, best results were with the 30 mmol·L-1 salicylic acid treatment where compared to the control the MDA content increased 86.8%, have significant difference(P < 0.05). The content of proline (94.3%), free soluble sugar (112.1%), and free soluble protein (80%) significantly increased than other treatments (P < 0.05). SOD activity first increased, then decreased, whereas POD and catalase (CAT) activity increased. The 30 mmol·L-1 SA concentration had the greatest effect on SOD and POD, and 15 mmol·L-1 SA had the greatest effect on CAT. Thus, a short duration of high temperature stress damaged chrysanthemum leaves, but SA could play a protective role mitigating the damage. [Ch, 4 fig. 14 ref.]
-
-
[1] 杨华庚, 陈慧娟. 高温胁迫对蝴蝶兰幼苗叶片形态和生理特性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2009, 25(11): 123-127. YANG Huageng, CHEN Huijuan. Effect of high temperature stress on morphological and physiological characteristics in Phalaenopsis seedlings [J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2009, 25(11): 123-127. [2] 李天来, 李淼, 孙周平. 钙和水杨酸对亚高温胁迫下番茄叶片保护酶活性的调控作用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(3): 586-590. LI Tianlai, LI Miao, SUN Zhouping. Regulation effect of calcium and salicylic acid on defense enzyme activities in tomato leaves under sub-high temperature stress [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2009, 20(3): 586-590. [3] 曹淑红, 李宁毅. 水杨酸对高温胁迫下百日草幼苗耐热性的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2014, 45(1): 91-94. CAO Shuhong, LI Ningyi. Effects of salicylic acid on heat resistance of Zinnia elegans seedlings under high temperature stress [J]. J Shenyang Agric Univ, 2014, 45(1): 91-94. [4] 贾思振, 房伟民, 陈发棣, 等. 夏菊耐热性指标筛选和综合评价[J]. 浙江林学院学报, 2009, 26(1): 52-57. JIA Sizhen, FANG Weimin, CHEN Fadi, et al. Heat tolerance for summer blooming of chrysanthemum [J]. J Zhejiang For Coll, 2009, 26(1): 52-57. [5] 贾思振, 房伟民, 陈发棣, 等. 高温下5个夏菊品种开花特性、叶片组织结构与光合特性的比较[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2009, 32(3): 151-156. JIA Sizhen, FANG Weimin, CHEN Fadi, et al. Comparison of blooming traits, leaf anatomic structure and photosynthetic characteristics of five summer chrysanthemum varieties under high temperature [J]. J Nanjing Agric Univ, 2009, 32(3): 151-156. [6] 李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2001. [7] 水德聚, 石瑜, 曹亮亮, 等. 外源水杨酸预处理对高温胁迫下白菜耐热性和光合特性的影响[J]. 植物生理学报, 2012, 48(4): 386-392. SHUI Deju, SHI Yu, CAO Liangliang, et al. Effects of exogenous SA pretreatment on thermotolerance and photosynthesis in pakchoi under high temperature stress [J]. Plant Physiol J, 2012, 48(4): 386-392. [8] 杨岚, 师帅, 王红娟, 等. 水杨酸对高温胁迫下铁皮石斛幼苗耐热性的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2013, 33(3): 534-540. YANG Lan, SHI Shuai, WANG Hongjuan, et al. Effects of salicylic acid on heat-resistance of Dendrobium officinale seeding under high temperature stress [J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2013, 33(3): 534-540. [9] 孙军利, 赵宝龙, 郁松林. 外源水杨酸(SA)对高温胁迫下葡萄幼苗耐热性诱导研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2014, 28(3): 290-299. SUN Junli, ZHAO Baolong, YU Songlin. Study of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) on the heat tolerance in grape seedlings under high temperature stress [J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2014, 28(3): 290-299. [10] 叶陈亮, 柯玉琴, 陈伟. 大白菜耐热性的生理研究(Ⅲ)酶性和非酶性活性氧清除能力与耐热性[J]. 福建农业大学学报, 1996, 26(4): 498-501. YE Chenliang, KE Yuqin, CHEN Wei. A study on the physiology of heat tolerance in Chinese cabbage (Ⅲ) ability to scavenge active oxygen of emzyme and non-emzyme system and heat tolerance [J]. J Fujian Agric Univ, 1996, 26(4): 498-501. [11] 孟焕文, 张延峰, 程智慧, 等. 黄瓜幼苗对热胁迫的生理反应及耐热鉴定指标筛选[J]. 西北农业学报, 2000, 9(1): 96-99. MENG Huanwen, ZHANG Yanfeng, CHENG Zhihui, et al. The physiological reaction to hot stress and screening of hot tolerance index in cucumber [J]. Acta Agric Boreal-Occident Sin, 2000, 9(1): 96-99. [12] 叶凡, 侯喜林, 袁建玉. 高温胁迫对不结球白菜幼苗抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2007, 23(2): 154-156. YE Fan, HOU Xilin, YUAN Jianyu. Effects of heat stress on antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation of non-heading Chinese cabbage seedlings [J]. Jiangsu J Agric Sci, 2007, 23(2): 154-156. [13] 杜朝昆, 李忠光, 龚明. 水杨酸诱导的玉米幼苗适应高温和低温胁迫的能力与抗氧化酶系统的关系[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 2005, 41(1): 19-23. DU Chaokun, LI Zhongguang, GONG Ming. The adaptations to heat and chilling stresses and relation to antioxidant enzymes of maize seedlings induced by salicylic acid [J]. Plant Physiol Commun, 2005, 41(1): 19-23. [14] KUMARA G D K, XIA Yiping, ZHU Zhujun, et al. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on antioxidative enzyme activities and physiological characteristics in gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) grown under NaCl stress [J]. J Zhejiang Univ Agric & Life Sci, 2010, 36(6): 591-601. -
链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2016.03.011