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硫代葡萄糖苷(glucosinolates,GS)又称芥子油苷,是一类富含氮、硫的植物次级代谢产物,主要存在于十字花科Cruciferae植物中[1]。它在植物的生长和发育过程中发挥着重要作用,硫苷及其水解产物有着非常活跃的生物学活性,主要包括参与植物的防御反应、赋予植物不同的风味、抗癌、抗营养作用等[2]。尽管所有十字花科植物均能合成硫苷,但不同品种之间硫苷种类和含量各不相同,其含量随生长阶段而改变[3],且受到诸多因素影响,如日照长短、损伤、病害等[4]。有关研究表明,油菜Brassica napus开花数天后不同器官硫苷含量起伏较大,均未表现出稳定的变化趋势[5]。宋志荣等[6]研究发现:甘蓝型油菜不同品种硫苷含量变化趋势不一致,高硫苷品种苗期叶片含量最高,从苗期到盛花期呈现下降趋势,低硫苷品种硫苷含量从苗期到盛花期上下波动。李培武等[7]研究证实,在不同甘蓝型油菜的不同生长期,硫苷含量差异显著,且与时间的变化趋势不一致。硫苷的生物学活性研究已较清晰,但对于小白菜Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis生长过程中硫苷组分和含量变化的研究相对较少。由于植物在生长过程中,硫苷含量受合成、运输和代谢等多方面的影响,不同种类的硫苷在植物防御体系中发挥的作用不尽相同。本试验研究了小白菜不同生长期和同时期不同叶位硫苷组分和含量变化,以期探究硫苷在小白菜中的分布,为硫苷在植物抗逆性方面的运用提供参考。
Glucosinolate content in the leaf stage and leaf position of pakchoi
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摘要: 硫代葡萄糖苷简称硫苷,是一种重要的植物次生代谢产物,具有多种生物学活性,与人类的生活密切相关。为研究小白菜Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis不同叶期、不同叶位硫苷质量摩尔浓度的变化,以小白菜品种‘黑油冬’‘Heiyoudong’为试材,利用固相萃取仪和高效液相色谱仪对四叶期、八叶期、十二叶期及八叶期不同叶位的硫苷质量摩尔浓度进行检测。结果表明:小白菜八叶期的总硫苷质量摩尔浓度明显高于四叶期和十二叶期,脂肪族硫苷质量摩尔浓度随叶期升高呈下降趋势,吲哚族、芳香族硫苷变化趋势与总硫苷变化趋势一致;小白菜八叶期内叶位总硫苷质量摩尔浓度高于外叶位,菜心部位硫苷质量摩尔浓度最高,为4.35 μmol·g-1,其中脂肪族硫苷质量摩尔浓度高达2.55 μmol·g-1,吲哚族硫苷质量摩尔浓度高达1.60 μmol·g-1,芳香族硫苷质量摩尔浓度相对较低;此外,叶位Y7吲哚族硫苷占比最高,占总硫苷质量摩尔浓度的56.7%,其他叶位则以脂肪族硫苷为主,占总硫苷质量摩尔浓度的59.0%~79.0%。在所有叶位中,芳香族硫苷质量摩尔浓度最低,占比低于7.1%。Abstract: Glucosinolate, an important plant secondary metabolite with many biological activities, is closely related to human life. To study the change of glucosinolate content in different leaf stages and leaf positions of pakchoi, an experiment was carried out on pakchoi 'Heiyoudong' as test material. Using a solid-phase extraction instrument and high performance liquid chromatograph, glucosinolate content in the four-leaf, eight-leaf, and twelve-leaf stages as well as in leaf positions for the eight-leaf stage, was measured. Results showed that total glucosinolate content in the eight-leaf stage of pakchoi was higher (P < 0.05) than that in the four-leaf and twelve-leaf stages. Also, the content of aliphatic glucosinolates decreased (P < 0.05) with an increase in leaf stage. Changes of indoles and aromatic glucosinolates were consistent with changes of total glucosinolates. Total glucosinolate content at the inner leaf position was higher than the outer leaf position with the central part having the highest glucosinolate content of 4.35 μmol·g-1; aliphatic glucosinolate was up to 2.55 μmol·g-1; indole glucosinolate was as high as 1.60 μmol·g-1; and aromatic glucosinolate was relatively low. In addition, indole glucosinolate of Y7 (seventh leaf from top to bottom) accounted for the highest proportion in total glucosinolates (56.7%). Other leaves (except Y7) were dominated by aliphatic glucosinolates accounting for 59.0%-79.0% of the total glucosinolate. Among all the leaf positions, the content of aromatic glucosinolates was the lowest (P < 0.05) accounting for less than 7.1%. This study explored the distribution of glucosinolates in pakchoi and could provide a reference for research on plant stress resistance.
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Key words:
- horticulture /
- glucosinolates /
- pakchoi /
- leaf position /
- leaf stage
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.06.015