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大豆Glycine max富含蛋白质、多糖、不饱和脂肪酸、异黄酮,具有丰富的营养价值[1]。中国西南地区“寡日、高湿、小温差”的特殊生态环境,致使大豆抗逆性差、极易发生田间霉变、品质劣变严重,危害食品安全,这成为阻碍南方大豆发展的重要瓶颈[2];选育田间霉变抗性品种是突破该瓶颈问题的有效途径之一。前期研究表明:轮枝镰刀菌Fusarium verticillioides为大豆田间霉变的主要致病菌[3],不同大豆种质资源的种荚对轮枝镰刀菌的感病性存在显著差异[4]。禾谷镰刀菌F. graminearum会抑制小麦Triticum sestivum光合作用相关基因导致其光合作用下降[5];尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum会破坏枸杞Lycium sp.叶片的光合机构,使得感病品种的叶绿体色素降解,净光合速率、蒸腾速率以及叶绿素荧光参数急剧下降[6]。叶绿素荧光动力学技术在测定植物光合过程中光系统对光能的吸收、分配等方面具有独特作用,能直观显示植物受胁迫时的变化过程,可检测由病毒、细菌、真菌感染引起的生理变化;其在黄瓜Cucumis sativus[7]、小麦[8]、水稻Oryza sativa[9]等多种植物上得到了较快的普及和广泛应用[10]。本研究以豆荚抗性不同的3个典型大豆种质为试验材料,监测轮枝镰刀菌接种在豆荚后叶绿素荧光参数变化情况,旨在寻找评价大豆种荚田间霉变抗性的指标,为抗性大豆新品种的选育奠定基础。
Imaging rules in chlorophyll fluorescence of soybean pods in response to Fusarium verticillioides
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摘要:
目的 种荚是大豆Glycine max防御霉菌侵染的第1道防线,部分大豆品种种荚具有极佳的田间霉变抗性,本研究目的在于寻找与豆荚霉变抗性相关的快速鉴定指标。 方法 采用叶绿素荧光成像技术,以高抗大豆‘QWT15-2’、中抗大豆‘E1’和易感大豆‘E314’为研究对象,对离体种荚接种轮枝镰刀菌Fusarium verticillioides,监测其叶绿素荧光参数变化情况。 结果 大豆种荚接种霉菌24 h后,通过叶绿素荧光成像系统可清晰观察到豆荚表皮病斑,叶绿素荧光参数发生显著变化。霉菌侵染后0~5 d,大豆种荚初始荧光参数初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)大幅降低,非光化学猝灭系数qN上升、QNP下降,最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)及电子传递速率(RET)均呈下降趋势。 结论 高抗大豆‘QWT15-2’维持了较健康的组织形态,各荧光参数表现稳定;中抗大豆‘E1’和感病大豆‘E314’受霉菌侵染影响,其表皮组织破坏严重、荧光参数变化幅度大;其中Fv/Fm、Fm、Fv、qN和QNP荧光参数对霉菌侵染响应敏感,可作为评价大豆种荚田间霉变抗性的鉴定指标。图4参17 Abstract:Objective The current study, in order to establish the index for the rapid identification of the resistance of soybean pods, is focused on three cultivars of cultivars, namely the high-resistant cultivar ‘QWT15-2’, the medium-resistant cultivar ‘E1’ and the sensitive cultivar ‘E314’. Method The pods were first inoculated with Fusarium verticillioides in vitro, and then the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in pods were monitored with the employment of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology. Result After 24 hours of inoculation, the epidermal lesions of the pods were clearly observed through the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system, and there was a significant change in the fluorescence parameters. To be specific, 0−5 days after mold infection, there was a significant decrease in the initial fluorescence parameters Fo, Fm, Fv of soybean pods, an increase in the non-photochemical quenching coefficient qN and a decrease in QNP, which was accompanied with an inclination of decline in the maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm, actual photochemical efficiency ΦPSⅡ and electron transport rate RET. Conclusion The high-resistant culivar ‘QWT15-2’ maintained a relatively healthy tissue with stable fluorescence parameters. The medium-resistant cultivar ‘E1’ and the sensitive cultivar ‘E314’ were affected by mold infection with severe epidermal tissue damage and significant change in the fluorescence parameters. Fluorescence parameters such as Fv/Fm, Fm, Fv, qN and QNP are sensitive to mold infection and can be used as an indicator to evaluate the resistance of soybean pods in the field. [Ch, 4 fig. 17 ref.] -
Key words:
- soybean /
- pod /
- Fusarium verticillioides /
- chlorophyll fluorescence imaging /
- resistance identification
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190325