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浮皮是宽皮柑橘Citrus reticulata果实在成熟后期或采后储藏过程中普遍发生的一种生理性障碍。所谓浮皮,是指白皮层崩溃,包裹果肉的囊瓣膜(囊衣)与果皮分离后浮起,果皮与囊瓣膜之间产生空隙[1],同时果皮增厚,外表面粗糙不平,内表面变得松散[2]。浮皮可提高果实的易剥皮性,便于食用,但同时会导致果实采后营养物质大量减少,风味变淡,严重影响果实的品质和储藏性能。影响浮皮的发生因素诸多,如遗传因素、砧木、环境压力和病害等。目前,关于柑橘果实浮皮的研究集中于生理生化和细胞学形态变化,而在分子方面的研究较少[3]。柑橘果实浮皮是一个复杂的生理过程,浮皮发生机制未有定论,也尚未开发出有效的调控技术[4]。椪柑C. reticulata ‘Ponkan’是典型的易浮皮宽皮柑橘,在完熟和采后储藏过程中浮皮现象尤为严重[5]。
乙烯作为一种气态植物生长调节剂,可促进果实成熟并加速果实衰老,其调控呼吸跃变型果实成熟衰老的机制研究已经非常深入。外源乙烯处理能显著提高网纹甜瓜Cucumis melo var. reticulatus果实细胞壁水解酶的活性,从而加速完熟果实硬度下降[6]。非跃变型果实成熟衰老过程产生的乙烯远低于跃变型果实。乙烯曾被认为在非跃变型果实成熟衰老中发挥的作用非常有限[7]。然而,近年来研究表明:非跃变型果实和跃变型果实成熟衰老的某些分子调控途径非常相似,诸多果实品质变化过程也直接受乙烯调控[8]。柑橘属典型非呼吸跃变型果实,在其成熟衰老整个过程中呼吸速率和乙烯释放率均很低。低水平的内源乙烯参与调控了柑橘果实成熟衰老进程,尤其是柑橘果皮颜色的改变[7]。邓丽莉等[9]研究表明:乙烯在柑橘果实褪绿转色过程中,不同部位果皮着色呈现明显的差异。目前大多相关研究集中在果实果肉部分,而对果皮的研究较少。乙烯与柑橘浮皮有着密切的联系,果实中乙烯增加助长浮皮发生。梁颖[10]研究表明:外源乙烯促进了柑橘果皮1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)合成酶(ACS)和ACC氧化酶(ACO)及乙烯不敏感转录调节基因EIN3的表达,促进了果实中乙烯释放。刘美迎[11]利用外源乙烯处理葡萄Vitis vinifera果实,促使果皮酚类物质显著提升。综上说明乙烯对非跃变型果实果皮也具有调控作用。
1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)是乙烯的竞争性抑制剂,能与乙烯受体不可逆结合,阻断乙烯下游调控作用,具有无毒、低量、高效等优点[12]。目前,1-MCP已在苹果Malus pumila[13]、芒果Mangifera indica[14]等果蔬储藏保鲜中广泛应用。杜欣欣等[15]研究发现:使用300 μL·L−1 1-MCP处理青柠檬Citrus aurantiifolia能有效减缓果皮转黄,抑制可溶性固形物(TSS)含量降低和可滴定酸(TA)含量上升,达到最佳保鲜效果。林旭东等[16]通过微孔膜结合1-MCP处理柑橘,可以较好地保持其外观(果梗鲜绿、稳固)、色泽、硬度及品质指标,维持较低的相对电导率,60 d内可以维持柑橘较好的商品价值。王长锋[17]研究发现:适宜的1-MCP处理可延缓椪柑果皮叶绿素降解,延长果实货架期,提高椪柑果实商品性。
鉴于此,本研究拟通过乙烯和1-MCP处理椪柑果实,研究其对采后果实品质和浮皮特性的影响,分析果实白皮层细胞形态和生理变化,为揭示椪柑果实浮皮的发生机制及储藏中浮皮防治提供理论依据。
Effects of ethylene and 1-MCP treatment on puffiness and albedo cell wall metabolism of post-harvest Citrus reticulata ‘Ponkan’ fruit
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摘要:
目的 浮皮是宽皮柑橘Citrus reticulata果实在成熟后期或采后储藏过程中普遍发生的一种生理性障碍。椪柑C. reticulata ‘Ponkan’在采后储藏中极易发生浮皮,严重影响商品价值。通过采后处理,为椪柑果实采后浮皮的防范、储藏保鲜技术提供理论依据。 方法 利用乙烯和1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理椪柑采后果实,测定椪柑在储藏期间果实主要品质指标及浮皮指数的变化,分析果皮白皮层细胞形态和生理变化特征。 结果 ①乙烯处理促进了储藏期果实可溶性固形物质量分数的提高;加速了果皮白皮层细胞密度、纤维素质量分数、果胶质量分数的下降,促使木质素质量分数及细胞壁降解酶(纤维素酶、果胶酯酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶)活性上升。②1-MCP处理减缓了果皮白皮层细胞密度及纤维素质量分数下降;延缓了木质素质量分数及细胞壁降解酶(纤维素酶、果胶酯酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶)活性上升;减缓了椪柑果实浮皮指数的上升。 结论 乙烯处理可加速椪柑果实采后生理代谢水平,加重果实浮皮的发生。1-MCP处理可抑制储藏期果皮的生理代谢水平,减轻浮皮障碍的发生。生产中可通过乙烯和1-MCP处理来控制椪柑果实剥皮的难易程度。图7参31 -
关键词:
- 椪柑 /
- 果实采后品质 /
- 浮皮 /
- 乙烯 /
- 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)
Abstract:Objective For the purpose of developing storage and fresh-keep technology, this study is aimed to evaluate different post-harvest methods that target at the prevention of puffiness, a common physiological disorder that occurs in mature or post-harvest storage stages of citrus fruits (Citrus reticulata) which seriously affects its marketability. Method Ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) were used to treat the postharvest ‘Ponkan’ fruit, and the main quality indexes and puffing index, as well as the characteristics of albedo cell morphological and physiological changes were studied after treatment. Result (1) Ethylene treatment brought about an increase of soluble solid content during fruit storage, accelerated the decline of cell density, cellulose content, and pectin content of the albedo, while promoting an increase in lignin content and the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (cellulases, pectin esterases, and polygalacturonases). (2) 1-MCP treatment slowed down the decrease of albedo cell density and cellulose content, delaying the increase of lignin content and the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes (cellulase, pectin esterase and polygalacturonase), and therefore slowing down the rise of puffiness index. Conclusion Ethylene treatment accelerated the physiological and metabolic level of ‘Ponkan’ fruit during storage and aggravated the occurrence of puffiness whereas 1-MCP treatment inhibited the peel physiological and metabolic level during storage and alleviated the occurrence of puffiness. As a result, the peeling difficulty of the fruit can be controlled by ethylene or 1-MCP treatment during production. [Ch, 7 fig. 31 ref.] -
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20230422