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土壤盐化是影响作物生产的主要环境问题之一,目前全球约有7%的陆地正在发生不同程度的盐化[1],约1/3耕地受到盐化影响[2-3]。土壤盐化可通过直接和间接的方式影响植物生长,其直接影响主要是降低土壤水势阻碍植物根系吸水以及盐离子在植物体内过量积累所造成的毒害,间接影响主要是诱导植物体内产生大量的活性氧从而引起次生胁迫伤害[2, 4-5]。在盐(氯化钠, NaCl)胁迫下,植物通过细胞内外离子的跨膜流动,从而减少盐离子在细胞内积累并达到新的离子平衡,进而提高其抵抗盐胁迫的能力[2, 6-7]。随着非损伤微测技术的出现,离子跨膜流动的研究得到迅速发展。本文主要就盐胁迫下植物细胞内外的钠离子(Na+),钾离子(K+),氢离子(H+),钙离子(Ca+)和氯离子(Cl-)等的流动变化进行综述。
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