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瓯柑Citrus suavissima是浙江南部地区的一个古老的地方栽培种,具有祛热生津、清凉解毒等特殊的医药功效,素有“端午瓯柑似羚羊”之说。‘无籽’瓯柑Citrus suavissima ‘Seedless’是瓯柑的无核突变体,2004年2月通过浙江省林木良种审定委员会的良种认定并命名[1]。前期的研究[2-4]表明:花粉败育是‘无籽’瓯柑无核的原因之一。植物雄性不育是指植物有性繁殖过程中不能产生正常的花药、花粉或雄配子的遗传现象。雄性不育可以分为细胞核雄性不育(NMS)及质核互作雄性不育(CMS)。关于植物CMS分子机制,普遍认为与呼吸链和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)合成基因的嵌合基因以及核糖核酸(RNA)的编辑等有关[5-7]。胡志勇等[8]成功地从温州蜜柑Citrus unshui克隆到了3个线粒体基因atp6,cob和coxⅡ的片段,它们分别编码F1F0-ATP合成酶的第6亚基、细胞色素b的亚基和细胞色素C氧化酶复合体的第2亚基,并通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time PCR)技术证明了这3个基因在小孢子发育后期一直到形成成熟的花粉粒的过程中线粒体基因的表达减弱,即供给小孢子发育的能量可能在减少,进而导致了花粉的败育,由此推测温州蜜柑的雄性不育与呼吸作用及能量代谢的异常相关。Qiu等[9]在对‘无籽’椪柑Citrus reticulata ‘Seedless’差异表达基因的分析研究中,筛选到一些参与雄配子体发育的基因。本课题组从‘无籽’瓯柑和普通瓯柑的数字基因表达谱(digital gene expression,DGE)中筛选出2个脂类代谢相关的基因片段LTP(lipid transfer proteins)和LOX(lipoxygenase)(另文发表)。植物转脂蛋白(lipid transfer proteins,LTPs)是一类广泛存在于高等植物中的碱性小分子量蛋白质,生理功能包括参与角质的形成、脂代谢、生物膜的形成、体细胞发育、花粉与雌蕊的相互作用等,特别是在抗性信号转导和植物防御功能中的作用,成为近年来关注的焦点[10-11]。脂氧合酶(LOX)是一类广泛存在于动植物中的非血红素铁蛋白,参与脂肪酸氧化途径中的LOX途径,专一催化含有顺, 顺-1, 4-戊二烯结构的多元不饱和脂肪酸的加氧反应[12]。为进一步明确‘无籽’瓯柑花粉败育与其脂质代谢的相关性,本研究采用同源序列法,结合cDNA末端快速扩增(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术,克隆获得‘无籽’瓯柑脂转移酶基因(CsLTP)和脂氧合酶基因(CsLOX)的全长cDNA序列。通过实时荧光定量PCR(realtime PCR)技术,对2个目标基因mRNA表达量在花粉发育的不同时期进行实时定量分析,期望能够进一步解析‘无籽’瓯柑花粉败育的分子基础,为揭示‘无籽’瓯柑无核机制奠定基础。
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