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菊花Chrysanthemum × morifolium是多年生宿根草本花卉,其鲜切花年产量居所有花卉品种的前列。菊花具短日、喜冷凉的特性,光周期不敏感和耐热特性的夏菊是菊花育种的重要方向。夏菊由于生长开花季节处于炎热的夏季,营养生长和生殖生长都受到一定程度的影响。不同夏菊品种的耐热特性差异较大,部分品种夏季高温条件下难以正常开放,开展相应的田间和生理生化指标评价极有必要。水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)对植物的生长发育有重要的调控作用,被认为是一种新的植物生长调节物质,它不仅能够调控植物的生长,也能够提高植物的抗逆性,抵抗不良的环境条件。杨华庚等[1]运用水杨酸对蝴蝶兰Phalaenopsis幼苗进行处理,结果显示外源水杨酸处理可以提高蝴蝶兰幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)等抗氧化酶的活性来提高其耐热性。李天来等[2]通过水杨酸处理番茄Lycopersicon esculentum幼苗表明,适宜浓度的水杨酸能够降低叶片丙二醛(MDA)的质量摩尔浓度,提高植物幼苗叶片中脯氨酸(Pro)质量分数,提高植物幼苗的抗高温能力。曹淑红等[3]运用水杨酸对高温下的百日草Zinnia elegans幼苗进行处理,结果表明:水杨酸能够明显的降低百日草幼苗的热害指数,降低叶片丙二醛含量,增加脯氨酸的质量分数,提高百日草的耐热性。目前,菊花耐热方面的相关研究较少[4-5]。本研究以夏菊品种‘粉荷’Chrysanthemum × morifolium ‘Fenhe’为材料,通过叶面喷施不同浓度的水杨酸,研究水杨酸对菊花幼苗耐热性的影响,为夏菊幼苗耐热性研究和菊花的耐热育种提供理论依据。
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