-
毛竹Phyllostachys edulis作为经济竹种,经济价值高,生产潜力大,在中国工农业生产和国民经济中占有重要的地位。毛竹营养生长周期长,开花时期不确定,并且开花后集体死亡,导致竹林面积减少,对经济发展和生态环境造成重大损失和破坏。近几年竹子频繁的开花,科研人员不断尝试各种试验手段来探究竹子开花的机制,竹子开花生物学和生殖生物学研究又成为人们关注的重点。近年来,花器官发育研究的快速发展为竹类的花发育研究提供了借鉴和基础,尤其是模式植物拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana,金鱼草Antirrhinum majus,矮牵牛Petunia hybrida等开花调控基因及其功能的研究。通过对拟南芥和金鱼草中同源异型突变体进行系统的遗传学分析[2-4],提出了花器官ABC模型的假说。在植物中,A类基因能够控制花萼形成,A类和B类基因能够共同控制花瓣的形成,B类和C类基因共同决定雄蕊的发生和发育,而C类基因则控制植物心皮的行成。反向遗传学研究显示,D类基因和E类基因的同源基因同样在调控花形态建成方面起重要作用,D类基因调控胚珠的形成和发育[5-7],而E类基因在所有花器官的形成中起着调控作用[8-10]。在花发育调控中大部分基因属于MADS-box基因家族,该家族基因拥有典型的MADS-box保守结构域,是一类重要的转录因子,主要在植物花器官的发育及开花时间的调控上起作用。目前,从麻竹Dendrocalamus latiflorus和绿竹Bambusa oldhamii中已经分离了与竹子花发育密切相关的MADS-box基因,并对其功能进行初步了分析[11-12],但是对于毛竹MADS-box基因的相关报道比较少,研究人员曾对毛竹的E类基因PeMADS1进行了初步的鉴定与分析[13]。本研究以毛竹花样品为研究材料,首次克隆了1个A类的MADS-box基因PheMADS15,并对该基因与麻竹、拟南芥和水稻Oryza sativa等不同物种同源基因亲缘关系进行了分析,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)研究它在毛竹不同组织上的表达差异,初步鉴定了PheMADS15的功能,为竹子开花和育种奠定了基础。
HTML
[1] | 袁金玲, 傅懋毅, 庄金坤. 几个丛生竹开花授粉特性及麻竹苗期初步选择[J]. 竹子研究汇刊, 2005, 24(3): 9-13. | YUAN Jinling, FU Maoyi, ZHUANG Jinkun. The characteristics of flowering and pollinating of several sympodial bamboos and elementary selection of Dendrocalamus latiflorus seedling[J]. J Bamboo Res, 2005, 24(3): 9-13. |
[2] | CARPENTER R, COEN E S. Floral homeotic mutations produced by transposon-mutagenesis in Antirrhinum majus[J]. Genes Dev, 1990, 4(9): 1483-1493. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.9.1483 | |
[3] | SOMMER H, BELTRAN J P, HUIJSER P. Deficiens, a homeotic gene involved in the control of flower morphogenesis in Antirrhinum majus:the protein shows homology to transcription factors[J]. Embo J, 1990, 9(3): 605-613. | |
[4] | BOWMAN J L, DREWS G N, MEYEROWITZ E M. Expression of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS is restricted to specific cell types late in flower development[J]. Plant Cell, 1991, 3(8): 749-758. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.8.749 | |
[5] | COLOMBO A, HALL P, NAKAMURA S. Intracoronary stenting without anticoagulation accomplished with intravascular ultrasound guidance[J]. Circulation, 1995, 91(6): 1676-1688. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.91.6.1676 | |
[6] | FAVARO R, PINYOPICH A, BATTAGLIA R. MADS-box protein complexes control carpel and ovule development in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Cell, 2003, 15(11): 2603-2611. doi: 10.1105/tpc.015123 | |
[7] | PINYOPICH A, DITTA G S, SAVIDGE B. Assessing the redundancy of MADS-box genes during carpel and ovule development[J]. Nature, 2003, 424(6944): 85-88. doi: 10.1038/nature01741 | |
[8] | PELAZ S, DITTA G S, BAUMANN E. B and C floral organ identity functions require SEPALLATA MADS-box genes[J]. Nature, 2000, 405(6783): 200-203. doi: 10.1038/35012103 | |
[9] | HONMA T, GOTO K. Complexes of MADS-box proteins are sufficient to convert leaves into floral organs[J]. Nature, 2001, 409(6819): 525-529. doi: 10.1038/35054083 | |
[10] | DITTA G, PINYOPICH A, ROBLES P. The SEP4 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana functions in floral organ and meristem identity[J]. Current Biol, 2004, 14(21): 1935-1940. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.10.028 | |
[11] | 田波. 竹类植物开花时间相关基因的克隆与功能分析[D]. 昆明: 中国科学院昆明植物研究所, 2005. | TIAN Bo. Isolation and Characterization of Bamboo Flowering Time Genes[D]. Kunming:Chinese Academy of Sciences. Kunming Institute of Botany, 2005. |
[12] | 高志民, 刘颖丽, 李雪平. 一个绿竹MADS-box基因的克隆与序列分析[J]. 分子植物育种, 2007, 5(6): 866-870. | GAO Zhimin, LIU Yingli, LI Xueping. Cloning and sequencing analysis of a flowering-related mads-box gene in Bambusa oldhamii L.[J]. Mol Plant Breed, 2007, 5(6): 866-870. |
[13] | 高志民, 郑波, 彭镇华. 毛竹PeMADS1基因的克隆及转化拟南芥初步研究[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(10): 37-41. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20101006 | GAO Zhimin, ZHENG Bo, PENG Zhenhua. Isolation of PeMADS1 gene from Phyllostachys edulis and its transformation in Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. Sci Silv Sin, 2010, 46(10): 37-41. doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20101006 |
[14] | 樊龙江, 郭兴益, 马乃训. 竹类植物与水稻等其它禾本科作物的系统进化关系及基因序列组成的比较[J]. 林业科学研究, 2006, 19(2): 165-169. | FAN Longjiang, GUO Xingyi, MA Naixun. Comparative study on phylogenetics and sequences composition of bamboos and cereals[J]. For Res, 2006, 19(2): 165-169. |
[15] | 王海莲, 管延安, 张华文. 高粱基因组学研究进展[J]. 基因组学与应用生物学, 2009, 28(3): 549-556. | WANG Hailian, GUAN Yan'an, ZHANG Huawen. Advances in the study on sorghum genomics[J]. Gen Appl Biol, 2009, 28(3): 549-556. |
[16] | LIN Erpei, PENG Huazheng, JIN Qunying. Identification and characterization of two bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) AP1/SQUA-like MADS-box genes during floral transition[J]. Planta, 2009, 231(1): 109-120. doi: 10.1007/s00425-009-1033-0 | |
[17] | FERRÁNDIZ C, GU Q, MARTIENSSEN R. Redundant regulation of meristem identity and plant architecture by FRUITFULL, APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER[J]. Development, 2000, 127(4): 725-734. | |
[18] | SHANNON S, MEEKS-WAGNER D R. A mutation in the Arabidopsis TFL1 gene affects inflorescence meristem development[J]. Plant Cell, 1991, 3(9): 877-892. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.9.877 | |
[19] | WEIGEL D, ALVAREZ J, SMYTH D R. LEAFY controls floral meristem identity in Arabidopsis[J]. Cell, 1992, 69(5): 843-859. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90295-N | |
[20] | KIM S L, LEE S, KIM H J. OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a[J]. Plant Physiol, 2007, 145(4): 1484-1494. doi: 10.1104/pp.107.103291 |