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硫代葡萄糖苷(glucosinolates,GS)又称芥子油苷,是一类富含氮、硫的植物次级代谢产物,主要存在于十字花科Cruciferae植物中[1]。它在植物的生长和发育过程中发挥着重要作用,硫苷及其水解产物有着非常活跃的生物学活性,主要包括参与植物的防御反应、赋予植物不同的风味、抗癌、抗营养作用等[2]。尽管所有十字花科植物均能合成硫苷,但不同品种之间硫苷种类和含量各不相同,其含量随生长阶段而改变[3],且受到诸多因素影响,如日照长短、损伤、病害等[4]。有关研究表明,油菜Brassica napus开花数天后不同器官硫苷含量起伏较大,均未表现出稳定的变化趋势[5]。宋志荣等[6]研究发现:甘蓝型油菜不同品种硫苷含量变化趋势不一致,高硫苷品种苗期叶片含量最高,从苗期到盛花期呈现下降趋势,低硫苷品种硫苷含量从苗期到盛花期上下波动。李培武等[7]研究证实,在不同甘蓝型油菜的不同生长期,硫苷含量差异显著,且与时间的变化趋势不一致。硫苷的生物学活性研究已较清晰,但对于小白菜Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis生长过程中硫苷组分和含量变化的研究相对较少。由于植物在生长过程中,硫苷含量受合成、运输和代谢等多方面的影响,不同种类的硫苷在植物防御体系中发挥的作用不尽相同。本试验研究了小白菜不同生长期和同时期不同叶位硫苷组分和含量变化,以期探究硫苷在小白菜中的分布,为硫苷在植物抗逆性方面的运用提供参考。
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