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香榧Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’是红豆杉科Taxaceae榧树Torreya grandis的优良变异类型,经人工选育后嫁接繁殖栽培的优良品种,也是目前榧树中唯一进行人工规模栽培的品种[1-2]。它集果用、油用、药用、材用和绿化观赏为一体,经济价值非常高[3],老产区在浙江会稽山区的诸暨、柯桥、嵊州、东阳和磐安等5县(市、区),分布范围狭窄,产量极其有限,产品供不应求。全国10余个省(市、自治区)均在引种栽植[4]。近年来,随着香榧产业的发展,香榧绿藻病害日趋严重,给榧农造成重大经济损失,尤其是人工林中,其对香榧叶片的光合作用产生极大影响并造成落花落果,甚至导致香榧树死亡,逐渐引起了榧农的重视。吾中良等[4]首次报道了香榧绿藻病害。香榧绿藻Chlorella sp.为小球藻属Chlorella的变异类型,是附着在榧树枝和叶上形成表面粗糙的灰绿色苔状物[5],因病原归属于绿藻门Chlorophyta,且在香榧枝叶上分布较多,生产上一般称之为香榧绿藻,但也有研究者认为其是青苔(moss)和地衣(lichens)[6]。专家学者对其防治方法进行了研究[5, 7],但研究仍处于起步阶段,其危害机理尚不明确,病原种类也尚无定论。本研究结合传统形态学方法和分子生物学技术,通过对香榧绿藻的培养观察及18S rDNA和内转录间隔区(ITS)基因序列分析,探索了香榧绿藻的生活习性,初步鉴定了香榧绿藻的种属类别,为香榧绿藻的综合防治和香榧产业的健康发展提供新的思路。
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