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因为城市地面覆盖物多,发热体多,加上密集城市人口生活和生产中产生大量的人为热,造成市中心的空气温度高于郊区空气温度,人们把这种气温分布现象称为“热岛效应”。由于城市的发展,下垫面原有的自然环境,如农田、牧场等发生了根本的变化,人工建筑物高度集中,以水泥、沥青、砖石、陶瓦和金属板等坚硬密实、干燥不透水的建筑材料替代了原来疏松和有植物覆盖的土壤[1]。城市热环境随着经济的发展日益恶化,已阻碍了人居环境品质的提升,是亟待解决的现实问题。绿色植被作为改善人居热环境的基础手段,不仅具有较好的节能效益,还具有明显的经济效益[2]。国内外学者分别从理论与实践研究等角度,在植被对城市热岛效应影响方面开展了大量研究。
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