Volume 39 Issue 5
Sep.  2022
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Abstract
References
Article Navigation >  Journal of Zhejiang A&F University  > 2022  >  39(5): 1045-1051

YIN Zexin, ZHANG Lu, BAI Yifan. Replacing peat with garden waste compost in Cosmos bipinnata cultivation[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2022, 39(5): 1045-1051. DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210829
Citation: YIN Zexin, ZHANG Lu, BAI Yifan. Replacing peat with garden waste compost in Cosmos bipinnata cultivation[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2022, 39(5): 1045-1051. DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210829
shu

Replacing peat with garden waste compost in Cosmos bipinnata cultivation

DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210829

  • College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

  • Received Date: 2021-12-28
  • Accepted Date: 2022-07-06
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-06-24
    • Available Online: 2022-07-25
  • Publish Date: 2022-10-20
  •   Objective  This study aims to explore the feasibility of using green waste compost as the Cosmos bipinnata cultivation substrate instead of peat, so as to achieve the scientific, economic and effective utilization of green waste and reduce the use of peat in flower cultivation.  Method  Green waste compost and peat were prepared into 5 kinds of cultivation substrates according to different proportions [100% green waste compost (T100), 75% green waste compost+25% peat (T75), 50% green waste compost+50% peat (T50), 25% green waste compost+75% peat (T25), and 100% peat (T0)]. T100 and T0 were used as the control for the cultivation test of C. bipinnata. By comparing the physical and chemical properties of different cultivation substrates and the growth index of C. bipinnata, the cultivation substrate with the best proportion of garden waste compost and peat was selected.   Result  Adding green waste compost could significantly increase the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the cultivation substrate(P＜0.05), and improve the bulk density, maximum water content, total porosity, aeration pores, and acid-base environment of the cultivation substrate. The physical and chemical properties of the cultivation substrate were the best when the addition ratio of green waste compost was 50%. Compared with the control (T0), the fresh weight of aboveground parts, the dry weight of aboveground parts, the fresh weight of underground parts, and the dry weight of underground parts in T50 culture increased by 390.4%, 322.2%, 145.6%, and 93.1%, respectively. The plant height, the flower number, and the root length of C. bipinnata increased by 137.4%, 109.0%, and 95.7% respectively.   Conclusion  Green waste compost can partially replace peat for C. bipinnata cultivation, and the cultivation substrate composed of 50% green waste compost + 50% peat is the most favorable for the growth of C. bipinnata, which can better replace peat as the cultivation substrate of C. bipinnata for garden greening. [Ch, 5 tab. 25 ref.]
  • [1] ZHANG Bi, FANG Xianzhi, MA Jiawei, WU Yuping, PAN Xian, YE Liting, LIU Dan, YE Zhengqian.  Research progress on application effect of orchard waste biochar in orchard . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(2): 453-464. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220535
    [2] YAN Fangbin, ZHENG Jingming, GONG Yinting, ZHAO Yichen, ZHANG Jiaqi.  Effects of garden waste reuse treatments on soil nutrients and microbial carbon source utilization in plantation soil . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(5): 1045-1053. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220620
    [3] SONG Tianyu, ZHANG Lu.  Effect of green waste compost combined decomposed peanut shells and humic acid on seedling emergence of Perilla frutescens . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(2): 304-313. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220292
    [4] WANG Yifan, ZOU Rongsong, SUN Xiangyang, LI Suyan, ZHANG Huaxin.  Research progress of high-water-holding molding organic cultivation substrate . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2022, 39(2): 446-455. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210313
    [5] HU Zihang, ZHAO Xia, DONG Xiaoyun, ZHENG Jingming, JIANG Liwei.  Effect of sludge and garden waste composting rates on heavy metal content and microbial activity in plantation soil . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021, 38(1): 31-37. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200262
    [6] MENG Tongyao, LI Suyan, ZOU Rongsong, YU Kefei, FU Bingyan, JIE Yang.  Effect of immobilized lignin-degrading bacteria on green waste composting . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021, 38(1): 38-46. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200219
    [7] OU Shengye, DING Li, YU Ninger, WU Shengchun, LIANG Peng.  Application of Bos grunniens waste on nutrient leaching reduction for the desertified soil . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(6): 1088-1096. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190703
    [8] WANG Lin, LI Suyan, SUN Xiangyang, GONG Xiaoqiang, YU Kefei, CAI Linlin.  Mixing garden wastes and spent mushroom compost of different ratios for vermicomposting . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2019, 36(2): 326-334. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.02.014
    [9] XIAO Chaoqun, GUO Xiaoping, LIU Ling, LUO Chao, LI Ruoyu, LIU Guanhong.  Greening waste compost as a new substrate for green roofs . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2019, 36(3): 598-604. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.03.022
    [10] ZHAO Weining, YANG Xing, HE Lizhi, GUO Jia, WANG Hailong.  Pyrolysis temperature with physicochemical properties of biochars derived from typical urban woody green wastes in southern China . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(6): 1007-1016. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.06.003
    [11] AI Juanjuan, HOU Lingyu, SHAO Guodong, LI Zhichao, LU Lihua, LI Zhaoying, SUN Qiwu.  Matrix formula with forest waste and their effects on Tectona grandis growth . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(6): 1027-1037. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.06.005
    [12] CAI Linlin, LI Suyan, GONG Xiaoqiang, SUN Xiangyang, ZHANG Jianwei, YU Xin, WEI Le.  Composting-vermicomposting of green waste processing spiked with cow dung . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(2): 261-267. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.02.009
    [13] GONG Xiaoqiang, LI Suyan, LI Yan, SUN Xiangyang.  Compost and vermicompost from green wastes as substrates for vegetable seedlings cultivation . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2016, 33(2): 280-287. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2016.02.013
    [14] WEI Le, LI Suyan, LI Yan, GONG Xiaoqiang, SUN Xiangyang.  Growth of Pelargonium zonale and Calendula officinalise when utilizing green waste compost as a peat substitute . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2016, 33(5): 849-854. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2016.05.017
    [15] CHEN Yonggen, ZHOU Chuanbin, ZHU Huifang, WANG Rusong.  Solid waste management and resource strategies in the developed rural region . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2015, 32(6): 940-946. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2015.06.018
    [16] SUN Yan, YANG Xiuzhen, QIAN Lu, LI Hui.  Growth and physiological characteristics of Cymbidium hybridum ‘Shijieheping’ in peanut hull media . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2015, 32(4): 566-571. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2015.04.011
    [17] LI Yan, SUN Xiangyang, GONG Xiaoqiang.  Use of green waste compost as a peat surrogate in substrates for Anthurium andraeanum and Asplenium nidus cultivation . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2015, 32(5): 736-742. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2015.05.012
    [18] WANG Xuyan, LIN Xiazhen, LI Lin, RUAN Ying, XING Xiaoming.  Physical and chemical properties of several kinds of agriculture and forestry waste composite matrix and their effect on container seedling of Phoebe chekiangensis . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2013, 30(5): 674-680. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2013.05.007
    [19] ZHAI Mei-gui, LI Ji-yuan, XU Ying-chun, LI Xin-lei, LI Yu-hong, NI Sui.  Optimum media formula for Camellia japonica cut seedlings . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2008, 25(6): 817-822.
    [20] WANG Xiao-de, LU Shan, FANG Jin-feng2, KONG Qiang.  Study on characteristics of urban landscape greenery . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2000, 17(2): 150-154.
  • [1]
    JIANG Zhiyun. Research on the Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Flower and Seedling Industry in Zhejiang Province[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang A&F University, 2018.
    [2]
    MA Hailong, LIU Zhonghua, DUAN Zhiping, et al. The effect of vermicompost replacing peat on the physical and chemical properties of the substrate and the growth of two flowers of green radish and Chlorophytum [J]. Soil Fert Sci China, 2021(5): 112 − 118.
    [3]
    ZHOU Bingyu, LI Zhiwei, YOU Yuchi, et al. Distribution and spatial differences of peatlands in the source region of the Yellow River in 2015 [J]. Wetland Sci, 2021, 19(5): 543 − 550.
    [4]
    BU Xiaoli, JI Huijuan, MA Qinglin, et al. Effects of biochar-peat composite substrate on growth and physiology of Rhododendron delavayi [J]. J Plant Resour Environ, 2021, 30(5): 58 − 68.
    [5]
    CHEN Tong, QIU Junfu, QI Xingyu, et al. Screening and comprehensive evaluation of garden waste based cultivation substrate [J]. Chin J Environ Eng, 2021, 15(4): 1444 − 1450.
    [6]
    HAO Dan, ZHANG Lu, SUN Xiangyang, et al. Effect analysis of garden waste compost and cow manure substituting peat in Calendula officinalis cultivation [J]. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2020, 26(8): 1556 − 1564.
    [7]
    NI Xiaowei, GUO Jianbin, YIN Qingfei, et al. Effects of green waste compost used as roof greening substrate on the growth of Sedum lineare [J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ, 2019, 33(4): 103 − 108.
    [8]
    LI Yan, SUN Xiangyang, GONG Xiaoqiang. Use of green waste compost as a peat surrogate in substrates for Anthurium andraeanum and Asplenium nidus cultivation [J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2015, 32(5): 736 − 742.
    [9]
    FANG Yan, WANG Jie, QIN Yang, et al. Effect of nectar plant Cosmos bipinnata on the population dynamics of predatory natural enemies [J]. Chin J Biol Control, 2021, 37(5): 877 − 884.
    [10]
    YIN Zexin, ZHANG Lu, HAO Dan, et al. Feasibility of cow dung compost substituting peat in seeding nursery of three Solanaceae plants [J]. Acta Agric Zhejiang, 2021, 33(9): 1700 − 1709.
    [11]
    BAO Shidan. Soil Agrochemical Analysis[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000.
    [12]
    ABAD M, NOGUERA P, BURES S. National inventory of organic wastes for use as growing substrate for ornamental potted plant production: cause study in Spain [J]. Bioresour Technol, 2001, 77(2): 197 − 200.
    [13]
    FAN Huaifu, DU Changxia, ZHU Zhujun, et al. Effects of substrate water content on tomato growth, quality and yield [J]. J Agric Sci, 2011, 52(3): 45 − 48.
    [14]
    ZHANG Lu, SUN Xiangyang, TIAN Yun, et al. Biochar and humic acid amendments improve the quality of composted green waste as a growth medium for the ornamental plant Calathea insignis [J]. Sci Hortic, 2014, 176: 70 − 78.
    [15]
    LI Suyi. Waste Composting Substrates Properties Regulation and Effects on Soil-free Turf Growth[D]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2016.
    [16]
    HAO Dan, ZHANG Lu, SUN Xiangyang, et al. Effects of green waste compost and cow manure organic fertilizer on the emergence rate of Calendula of ficinalis [J]. J Northwest For Univ, 2019, 34(4): 150 − 155.
    [17]
    ZHANG Lu, SUN Xiangyang. Effects of bean dregs and crab shell powder additives on the composting of green waste [J]. Bioresour Technol, 2018, 260: 283 − 293.
    [18]
    ZHU Zhu. Screening of Tomato Seedling Substrate and Water Regulation in Summer[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2018.
    [19]
    HU Yutong, SHI Lianhui, LIU Dengmin, et al. Effects of different perlite additions on physical and chemical properties of sewage compost and growth of Tagetes patula [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2014, 25(7): 1949 − 1954.
    [20]
    ZHANG Lu. Process Control of Composting of Landscaping Waste and Its Improvement and Application[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2015.
    [21]
    FEGHHENABI F, HADI H, KHODAVERDILOO H, et al. Seed priming alleviated salinity stress during germination and emergence of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. )[J/OL]. Agric Water Manage, 2020, 231[2021-11-20]. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106022.
    [22]
    YU Han, OU Jing, YANG Xiaoyan, et al. Influence of different substrate proportions on the growth and physiology of' C. companulat ‘Youkou’ seedlings in containers [J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2021, 37(29): 47 − 55.
    [23]
    AI Juanjuan, HOU Lingyu, SHAO Guodong, et al. The characteristics of forestry waste matrix formulation and its effect on teak growth [J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2018, 35(6): 1027 − 1037.
    [24]
    WANG Ziyang, YANG Ying, HAU Jianfeng, et al. Effect of alkali treatment on photosynthetic characteristics and physiology of' leaves of Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ seedlings [J]. J Plant Resour Environ, 2020, 29(4): 72 − 74.
    [25]
    MAO Shuang, ZHOU Wanli, YANG Fan, et al. Research progress on mechanism of plant roots response to saline-alkali stress [J]. Acta Agric Zhejiang, 2021, 33(10): 1991 − 2000.
  • Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Amount of accessChart context menuAbstract Views, HTML Views, PDF Downloads StatisticsAbstract ViewsHTML ViewsPDF Downloads2024-052024-062024-072024-082024-092024-102024-112024-122025-012025-022025-032025-040Highcharts.com
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Class DistributionFULLTEXT: 20.5 %FULLTEXT: 20.5 %META: 69.2 %META: 69.2 %PDF: 10.3 %PDF: 10.3 %FULLTEXTMETAPDFHighcharts.com
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Area Distribution其他: 13.8 %其他: 13.8 %其他: 3.0 %其他: 3.0 %Cedar Rapids: 0.1 %Cedar Rapids: 0.1 %China: 0.4 %China: 0.4 %Seattle: 2.4 %Seattle: 2.4 %United States: 0.1 %United States: 0.1 %[]: 0.7 %[]: 0.7 %上海: 0.4 %上海: 0.4 %东莞: 0.1 %东莞: 0.1 %临汾: 0.1 %临汾: 0.1 %伦敦: 0.4 %伦敦: 0.4 %加利福尼亚州: 0.1 %加利福尼亚州: 0.1 %北京: 3.1 %北京: 3.1 %南京: 0.7 %南京: 0.7 %南宁: 0.1 %南宁: 0.1 %南通: 0.3 %南通: 0.3 %博阿努瓦: 0.1 %博阿努瓦: 0.1 %台州: 0.4 %台州: 0.4 %呼和浩特: 1.0 %呼和浩特: 1.0 %哥伦布: 0.3 %哥伦布: 0.3 %嘉兴: 0.3 %嘉兴: 0.3 %天津: 0.1 %天津: 0.1 %奥尔巴尼: 0.1 %奥尔巴尼: 0.1 %娄底: 0.1 %娄底: 0.1 %宁波: 0.3 %宁波: 0.3 %宣城: 0.4 %宣城: 0.4 %常州: 0.1 %常州: 0.1 %广州: 0.1 %广州: 0.1 %库比蒂诺: 0.1 %库比蒂诺: 0.1 %张家口: 3.0 %张家口: 3.0 %成都: 0.3 %成都: 0.3 %扬州: 0.6 %扬州: 0.6 %晋城: 0.1 %晋城: 0.1 %杭州: 1.9 %杭州: 1.9 %格兰特县: 0.4 %格兰特县: 0.4 %武汉: 0.4 %武汉: 0.4 %汉中: 0.1 %汉中: 0.1 %江门: 0.1 %江门: 0.1 %沈阳: 0.1 %沈阳: 0.1 %沧州: 0.1 %沧州: 0.1 %洛阳: 0.1 %洛阳: 0.1 %济南: 0.7 %济南: 0.7 %深圳: 0.1 %深圳: 0.1 %温州: 0.6 %温州: 0.6 %湖州: 0.6 %湖州: 0.6 %漯河: 0.9 %漯河: 0.9 %濮阳: 0.3 %濮阳: 0.3 %石家庄: 2.7 %石家庄: 2.7 %福州: 0.1 %福州: 0.1 %红河: 0.3 %红河: 0.3 %纽约: 0.1 %纽约: 0.1 %绍兴: 0.3 %绍兴: 0.3 %舟山: 0.1 %舟山: 0.1 %芒廷维尤: 27.5 %芒廷维尤: 27.5 %芝加哥: 1.1 %芝加哥: 1.1 %苏州: 0.4 %苏州: 0.4 %衢州: 0.3 %衢州: 0.3 %西宁: 13.3 %西宁: 13.3 %西安: 0.1 %西安: 0.1 %诺伊达: 0.4 %诺伊达: 0.4 %诺沃克: 6.7 %诺沃克: 6.7 %运城: 3.0 %运城: 3.0 %邯郸: 0.1 %邯郸: 0.1 %郑州: 0.3 %郑州: 0.3 %重庆: 0.4 %重庆: 0.4 %镇江: 0.3 %镇江: 0.3 %长沙: 0.6 %长沙: 0.6 %阳泉: 0.3 %阳泉: 0.3 %青岛: 0.4 %青岛: 0.4 %驻马店: 0.3 %驻马店: 0.3 %龙岩: 0.1 %龙岩: 0.1 %其他其他Cedar RapidsChinaSeattleUnited States[]上海东莞临汾伦敦加利福尼亚州北京南京南宁南通博阿努瓦台州呼和浩特哥伦布嘉兴天津奥尔巴尼娄底宁波宣城常州广州库比蒂诺张家口成都扬州晋城杭州格兰特县武汉汉中江门沈阳沧州洛阳济南深圳温州湖州漯河濮阳石家庄福州红河纽约绍兴舟山芒廷维尤芝加哥苏州衢州西宁西安诺伊达诺沃克运城邯郸郑州重庆镇江长沙阳泉青岛驻马店龙岩Highcharts.com

  • Cited by

    Periodical cited type(9)

    1. 陈晓光，陆志伟，马忠，万锡虎，颜宇. 不同物料配比对园林废弃物堆肥过程中理化性质的影响. 绿色科技. 2025(03): 11-16+22 .
    2. 王雨桐，孙典韦，王立峰. 南京市园林绿化废弃物资源化利用现状调查及前景模式探讨. 江苏农业科学. 2024(01): 205-210 .
    3. 尤丽，朱向涛，张前前，李永春，陈霞，薛浩天，朱盼盼，张可玥. 添加农业废弃物配方基质的特性及其对牡丹生长的影响. 植物资源与环境学报. 2024(03): 36-49 .
    4. 高超，石宇航，徐丹妮，王欣怡，裘静怡，解冰冰，王芳. 园林绿化废弃物堆肥对连作色素万寿菊土壤改良和生长发育的影响. 安徽农学通报. 2024(14): 39-43 .
    5. 宋天宇，张璐. 腐熟花生壳和腐植酸复合园林废弃物堆肥对紫苏出苗的影响. 浙江农林大学学报. 2023(02): 304-313 . 本站查看
    6. 邸琰茗，伊锋，杨子超，王晶，吉利娜. 河道绿化废弃物资源化利用研究. 北京水务. 2023(02): 26-32 .
    7. 徐杰，沈天瑞，周霞萍，薛雅. 含腐植酸的仿生泥炭基质评价与应用研究进展. 腐植酸. 2023(03): 9-14 .
    8. 杨雪艳，殷绍雯. 我国园林绿化废弃物资源利用现状和建议. 再生资源与循环经济. 2023(08): 34-37 .
    9. 陈晨，陈珊珊. 基于园林绿化施工的质量控制策略的优化方案. 中国建筑金属结构. 2023(12): 196-198 .

    Other cited types(3)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Tables(5)

Get Citation
PDF
XML

Article views(484) PDF downloads(74) Cited by(12)

Related
Proportional views

Replacing peat with garden waste compost in Cosmos bipinnata cultivation

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210829
  • College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received Date: 2021-12-28
  • Accepted Date: 2022-07-06
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-06-24
  • Available Online: 2022-07-25
  • Publish Date: 2022-10-20

Abstract:   Objective  This study aims to explore the feasibility of using green waste compost as the Cosmos bipinnata cultivation substrate instead of peat, so as to achieve the scientific, economic and effective utilization of green waste and reduce the use of peat in flower cultivation.  Method  Green waste compost and peat were prepared into 5 kinds of cultivation substrates according to different proportions [100% green waste compost (T100), 75% green waste compost+25% peat (T75), 50% green waste compost+50% peat (T50), 25% green waste compost+75% peat (T25), and 100% peat (T0)]. T100 and T0 were used as the control for the cultivation test of C. bipinnata. By comparing the physical and chemical properties of different cultivation substrates and the growth index of C. bipinnata, the cultivation substrate with the best proportion of garden waste compost and peat was selected.   Result  Adding green waste compost could significantly increase the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the cultivation substrate(P＜0.05), and improve the bulk density, maximum water content, total porosity, aeration pores, and acid-base environment of the cultivation substrate. The physical and chemical properties of the cultivation substrate were the best when the addition ratio of green waste compost was 50%. Compared with the control (T0), the fresh weight of aboveground parts, the dry weight of aboveground parts, the fresh weight of underground parts, and the dry weight of underground parts in T50 culture increased by 390.4%, 322.2%, 145.6%, and 93.1%, respectively. The plant height, the flower number, and the root length of C. bipinnata increased by 137.4%, 109.0%, and 95.7% respectively.   Conclusion  Green waste compost can partially replace peat for C. bipinnata cultivation, and the cultivation substrate composed of 50% green waste compost + 50% peat is the most favorable for the growth of C. bipinnata, which can better replace peat as the cultivation substrate of C. bipinnata for garden greening. [Ch, 5 tab. 25 ref.]

YIN Zexin, ZHANG Lu, BAI Yifan. Replacing peat with garden waste compost in Cosmos bipinnata cultivation[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2022, 39(5): 1045-1051. DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210829
Citation: YIN Zexin, ZHANG Lu, BAI Yifan. Replacing peat with garden waste compost in Cosmos bipinnata cultivation[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2022, 39(5): 1045-1051. DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210829
shu

    HTML

  • 随着中国经济的快速发展，花卉的需求量逐年增加，进而对作为花卉栽培基质的泥炭需求也日益迫切[1-2]。泥炭为不可再生资源，具有涵养水源、调蓄洪峰、调节气候、减少污染等生态功能，过度开采势必会造成湿地生态系统的破坏，加剧地球温室效应[3]。因此，寻找和发掘一种性能稳定、价格低廉的泥炭代替基质尤为重要[4]。已有研究表明：园林绿化废弃物堆肥质地疏松、养分全面，具有较强的保水保肥能力，可以替代泥炭用作栽培基质[5]。郝丹等[6]采用10%蛭石、10%珍珠岩和80%(体积比)园林绿化废弃物堆肥混合物作为金盏菊Calendula officinalis栽培基质，可有效提高金盏菊品质；倪肖卫等[7]将园林绿化废弃物堆肥作为基质进行佛甲草Sedum lineare栽培，其中园林绿化废弃物堆肥、蛭石和砂土体积比为6∶4∶1时，混合基质对佛甲草生长促进作用最显著。李燕等[8]研究发现：在泥炭中添加60%~80%的园林绿化废弃物堆肥，可以显著提高红掌Anthurium andraeanum和鸟巢蕨Asplenium nidus的生物量，表明园林绿化废弃物堆肥可以部分替代泥炭作为红掌和鸟巢蕨栽培基质。

    波斯菊Cosmos bipinnata为菊科Compositae植物，因其色彩鲜艳，常被用于园林绿化[9]。目前将园林绿化废弃物堆肥用于波斯菊栽培的研究还未有报道。本研究将园林绿化废弃物堆肥替代或部分替代泥炭用作波斯菊栽培基质，并测定与分析栽培基质的理化性质和波斯菊生长状况，探究园林绿化废弃物堆肥用作波斯菊栽培基质的可行性，以期筛选出栽培基质的最佳配比，使园林绿化废弃物得到科学、经济、有效的利用。

    • 1.   材料与方法

      1.1.   材料

    • 波斯菊种子与供试泥炭(丹麦品氏泥炭)购于北京林大林业科技股份有限公司。供试园林绿化废弃物堆肥材料来源于北京市植物园堆肥厂。制作过程：堆肥前，将园林绿化废弃物、青储饲料和脱硫石膏按照体积比为40∶18∶1进行混合，添加尿素，调节堆肥混合物碳氮比(C/N)至25~30，浇水并维持含水量为60%~70%，再添加5 mL·kg−1微生物菌剂(康氏木霉Trichoderma koningii和黄孢原毛平革菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium混合物)，最后将堆肥混合物堆成底面积1 m2、高1 m的堆体。在堆肥全过程中，隔3 d翻堆并补充水分。堆肥至28 d时测定相关指标表明，堆体已完全腐熟。

      • 1.2.   方法

      1.2.1.   试验设计

    • 本研究于2021年6—10月在北京林大林业科技股份有限公司温室苗圃进行。共设置5个处理，每个处理设置5次重复。试验方案见表1。

      基质代号
      (处理)      		不同基质配比(体积比)
      园林绿化废弃物堆肥/%泥炭/%
      T100 100 0
      T75 75 25
      T50 50 50
      T25 25 75
      T0 0 100

      Table 1.  Experimental design

      • 1.2.2.   栽培基质的制备

    • 5个处理的混合栽培基质分别加入质量分数为0.1%的多菌灵杀菌消毒，混合均匀后将其分别装入180 mm×160 mm 的塑料花盆中，用于波斯菊栽培，同时采集栽培基质样品。

      • 1.2.3.   栽培管理

    • 选取颗粒饱满的波斯菊种子用装满泥炭的育苗盘统一育苗，每穴1粒种子。育苗20 d后，在育苗盘中选取长势一致的波斯菊幼苗分别移栽到装有5种不同栽培基质的塑料花盆中，每盆1株。栽培期间1周浇水1次，以保证植物生长所需水分，其他管理措施保持一致[6]。栽培100 d后，测定每株波斯菊的花朵数和株高。测定后，将波斯菊整株挖出并用清水清洗干净，测定其鲜质量和根长。

      • 1.2.4.   栽培基质理化指标测定

    • 栽培基质的容重、最大含水量、总孔隙度和通气孔隙等4个物理性质指标参考殷泽欣等[10]的方法测定。栽培基质的pH、电导率(EC)、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾等7个化学性质指标参考鲍士旦[11]的方法测定。其中，称取一定量的风干样品并加入无水二氧化碳，风干样品与水的体积比为1∶10，在剧烈震荡10 min并过滤后，测定滤液pH和EC；样品在加入浓硫酸和过氧化氢消煮后分别测定全氮、全磷和全钾，其中采用凯氏定氮法测定全氮，采用752紫外光栅分光光度计测定全磷，采用FP640火焰光度计测定全钾；有效磷通过碳酸氢钠提取，钼锑抗比色法测定；速效钾经乙酸铵提取，火焰光度计测定。

      • 1.2.5.   波斯菊生长指标测定

    • 分别用精度为0.01 g的电子秤称量洗净和烘干后的波斯菊地上部分质量和地下部分质量。用0~100 cm软尺测量花盆内基质表面至波斯菊成株最高点的距离作为株高；测定波斯菊根部最长根的长度作为根长；记录每株波斯菊花朵数[6]。

      • 1.2.6.   数据处理

    • 采用Office 2016软件进行数据处理，采用SPSS 6.1统计分析软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和多重比较(P＜0.05)。

    2.   结果与分析

      2.1.   不同栽培基质物理性质

      2.1.1.   容重

    • 由表2可知：随着园林绿化废弃物堆肥所占添加比例增加，不同栽培基质容重逐渐升高。其中，T100处理容重最大，与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05)；T0处理容重最小，与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05)。ABAD等[12]指出：栽培基质的理想容重为＜0.40 g·cm−3，且接近0.40 g·cm−3时更优。因此，除T100处理外，其他处理的栽培基质容重均处于理想范围内。其中，T75处理容重更接近理想值。

      处理容重/(g·cm−3)最大含水量/%总孔隙度/%通气孔隙/%处理容重/(g·cm−3)最大含水量/%总孔隙度/%通气孔隙/%
      T100 0.41±0.03 a 82.67±0.17 a 84.11±0.31 a 23.16±0.16 a T25 0.33±0.02 d 84.33±0.27 b 87.51±0.29 bc 17.88±0.11 c
      T75 0.39±0.02 b 83.06±0.21 ab 85.32±0.25 ab 20.55±0.24 b T0 0.31±0.03 e 85.95±0.23 b 88.93±0.28 c 15.40± 0.17 d
      T50 0.37±0.05 c 83.41±0.20 b 86.78±0.21 b 19.79±0.19 b 理想值 ＜0.40[12] 70.00~85.00[13] 70.00~90.00[14] 15.00~30.00[14]
      　　说明：平均值±标准差(n=5)。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)

      Table 2.  Physical properties of different cultivation substrates

      • 2.1.2.   最大含水量

    • 由表2可知：随着园林绿化废弃物堆肥所占比例增加，不同栽培基质最大含水量逐渐降低。其中，T0处理最大含水量最高，与T100处理差异显著(P＜0.05)；T100处理最大含水量最低，与T50、T25和T0处理差异显著(P＜0.05)。除T0处理外，其他处理的最大含水量均处于理想基质范围内[13]，能够调节基质通气透水性，为根系生长提供适宜的水气环境。

      • 2.1.3.   总孔隙度

    • 由表2可知：随着园林绿化废弃物堆肥所占比例增加，不同栽培基质总孔隙度逐渐降低。其中，T0处理总孔隙度最大，与T100、T75和T50处理差异显著(P＜0.05)；T100处理总孔隙最小，与T50、T25和T0处理差异显著(P＜0.05)，所有处理均符合理想基质的总孔隙度要求[14]。而随着园林绿化废弃物堆肥所占比例增加，不同栽培基质的通气孔隙逐渐升高。其中，T100处理总孔隙最大，与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05)；T0处理的通气孔隙最小，与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05)，所有处理均达到基质通气孔隙的理想范围[14]。

      • 2.2.   不同栽培基质化学性质

      2.2.1.   pH

    • 由表3可知：随着园林绿化废弃物堆肥所占比例增加，不同栽培基质pH逐渐升高。其中，T100处理的pH最大，与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05)；T0处理的pH最小，与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05)。因此，T100和T75处理超出理想范围[15]，其他处理的pH更符合植物对酸碱度的要求。

      处理pHEC/(mS·cm−1)全氮/(g·kg−1)全磷/(g·kg−1)全钾/(g·kg−1)速效磷/(mg·kg−1)速效钾/(mg·kg−1)
      T100 6.64±0.04 a 3.51±0.01 a 35.6±0.7 a 10.9±0.6 a 13.2±0.1 a 143±2 a 8 873±67 a
      T75 6.51±0.06 b 2.47±0.10 b 29.1±1.2 b 8.6±0.2 b 9.8±0.7 b 131±2 b 6 967±54 b
      T50 6.42±0.09 c 1.67±0.05 c 22.3±0.6 c 6.1±0.4 c 7.2±0.2 c 117±2 c 5 053±56 c
      T25 6.37±0.03 d 0.89±0.02 d 15.6±0.8 d 3.4±0.1 d 4.1± 0.4 d 103±1 d 3 136±38 d
      T0 6.26±0.07 e 0.39±0.03 e 7.7±0.2 e 0.2±0.0 e 0.3±0.0 e 86±1 e 1 218±20 e
      理想值 5.20~6.50[15] 0.75~3.49[16]
      　　说明：平均值±标准差(n=5)。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)

      Table 3.  Chemical properties of different cultivated substrates

      • 2.2.2.   EC

    • 由表3可知：随着园林绿化废弃物堆肥所占比例增加，不同栽培基质EC逐渐升高。其中，T100处理的EC最大，与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05)；T0的EC最小，与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05)。因此，除T100和T0处理外，其他基质的EC均处于理想范围内[16]。

      • 2.2.3.   养分质量分数

    • 由表3可知：随着园林绿化废弃物堆肥所占比例增加，不同栽培基质全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾质量分数逐渐升高。其中，T100处理养分(全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾)质量分数最高，与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05)；T0处理养分(全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾)质量分数最低，与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05)。

      • 2.3.   不同栽培基质对波斯菊生物量的影响

    • 由表4可知：与T0处理相比，T100、T75、T50和T25处理波斯菊地上部鲜质量、干质量及地下部鲜质量、干质量均显著增加(P＜0.05)。其中，T50处理波斯菊地上部鲜质量、干质量及地下部鲜质量、干质量最高，T0处理最低，说明T50处理对波斯菊生物量积累效果最优。与T0处理相比，T50处理地上部鲜质量、干质量及地下部鲜质量、干质量分别提高了390.4%、322.2%、145.6%和93.1%。

      处理地上部地下部处理地上部地下部
      鲜质量/g干质量/g鲜质量/g干质量/g鲜质量/g干质量/g鲜质量/g干质量/g
      T100 9.77±0.13 d 0.61±0.03 d 1.96±0.07 d 0.42±0.05 d T25 16.59±0.07 b 0.93±0.04 b 2.37±0.11 b 0.51±0.04 b
      T75 12.01±0.19 c 0.72±0.07 c 2.11±0.13 c 0.47±0.06 c T0 6.48±0.11 e 0.36±0.08 e 1.60±0.24 e 0.29±0.02 e
      T50 31.78±0.21 a 1.52±0.10 a 3.93±0.06 a 0.56±0.02 a
      　　说明：平均值±标准差(n=5)。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)

      Table 4.  Effects of different cultivation substrates on the biomass of C. bipinnata

      • 2.4.   不同栽培基质对波斯菊生长指标的影响

    • 由表5可知：与T0处理相比，T100、T75、T50和T25处理波斯菊株高、花朵数和根长均显著增加(P＜0.05)。其中，T50处理波斯菊株高、花朵数和根长最优，T0处理最差，说明T50处理能够显著促进波斯菊生长和根系发育，提高波斯菊观赏价值。与T0处理相比，T50处理株高、花朵数和根长分别提高了137.43%、108.99%和95.69%。

      处理株高/cm花朵数/朵根长/cm处理株高/cm花朵数/朵根长/cm
      T100 69.40±8.77 d 4.00±1.00 c 15.70±1.26 d T25 117.89±9.93 b 6.00±1.00 b 24.44±2.21 b
      T75 84.34±8.41 c 5.33±0.67 b 19.55±1.03 c T0 60.46±7.64 e 3.67±0.67 c 13.45±1.17 e
      T50 143.55±10.12 a 7.67±0.67 a 26.32±1.78 a
      　　说明：平均值±标准差(n=5)。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)

      Table 5.  Effects of different cultivation substrates on growth Indexes of C. bipinnata

    3.   讨论

      3.1.   园林绿化废弃物堆肥对栽培基质物理性质的影响

    • 园林绿化废弃物堆肥结构疏松，具有丰富的大小孔隙，可以提高基质的通气孔隙，降低基质的最大含水量，从而更好地协调基质间空气的流通和水分的运移，提高植物根部呼吸，有利于根系微生物活动[17]。同时，与泥炭相比，园林绿化废弃物堆肥较为紧实，因此，园林绿化废弃物堆肥的添加有利于适当提高基质的容重，增强基质对植物的支撑作用[18]。但是，当园林绿化废弃物堆肥添加比例为100%，栽培基质的容重较大，导致基质的疏松度降低，从而限制了基质与外界的空气交换，不利于植物根系生长[19]。综合可知：园林绿化废弃物堆肥添加体积比以25%~75%为宜，此时栽培基质的容重、最大含水量、总孔隙度和通气孔隙均在理想范围内，可以为植物生长提供适宜的物理环境。

      • 3.2.   园林绿化废弃物堆肥对栽培基质化学性质的影响

    • 栽培基质的化学性质反映了基质的酸碱环境和提供养分的能力[16]。园林绿化废弃物堆肥中含有大量的钙、镁、钾等碱性元素和硝酸盐、磷酸盐等可溶性盐，导致园林绿化废弃物堆肥的pH和EC均高于泥炭[20]。因此，随着园林绿化废弃堆肥体积比的提高，基质的pH和EC也逐渐升高。当园林绿化废弃物堆肥与泥炭的体积比≥75%时，基质的pH超出理想范围，不利于植物生长和发育。究其主要原因是由于过高的pH会降低磷、铁、镁等养分的有效性，从而降低基质中有效养分含量。当园林绿化废弃物堆肥添加比例为100%时，还会导致基质EC过高，对植物生长产生抑制作用。这是因为过高的EC会导致基质中的渗透势高于植物根系细胞渗透势，从而造成植物吸收水分和营养物质困难[21]。同时，园林绿化废弃物堆肥中含有大量营养物质，可以为植物的生长提供全面且长效的养分来源[22]，但是，养分质量分数越高并不代表栽培基质越好，只有结合波斯菊生长情况，才能确定园林绿化废弃物堆肥替代泥炭的最佳比例。

      • 3.3.   园林绿化废弃物堆肥对波斯菊生长的影响

    • 综合分析可知：园林绿化废弃物堆肥的添加能够显著促进波斯菊生物量积累和根系生长，增加单株花朵数，从而提高波斯菊观赏价值。

      T75、T50和T25处理栽培基质疏松多孔，保水保肥性强，养分丰富，能够为波斯菊生长提供适宜的物理环境和充足的养分。但是，T75处理栽培基质pH高于理想范围，会抑制波斯菊根系对养分的吸收，不利于波斯菊地上部分和地下部分的构建[23]。因此，T75处理波斯菊株高、花朵数、根长和生物量低于T50和T25处理。同时，栽培基质中的养分质量分数随着园林绿化废弃物堆肥添加比例的增加而升高，因此，与T25处理相比，T50处理栽培基质养分质量分数较高，更能满足波斯菊生长需求，有利于波斯菊地上部和地下部生物量积累，从而获得较高观赏价值的波斯菊植株。

      T100栽培基质含有丰富的营养元素，但存在pH和EC较高及容重较大的问题。过高的pH不仅会抑制植物根部对氯离子(Cl−)、钾离子(K+)和硝酸根离子(NO3 −)等无机离子的吸收，还会引起植物生理干旱，破坏植物组织，影响植物体内新陈代谢[23-24]。过高的EC会降低植物的吸水能力从而引起渗透胁迫，导致植物发生盐害[25]。较大的容重会降低栽培基质通气透水性，不利于植物根部呼吸。因此，T100处理波斯菊株高、花朵数、根长和生物量均显著低于T75、T50和T25处理。

      T0栽培基质具有适宜的总孔隙和通气孔隙，能够为波斯菊根系生长提供良好的通气性，但存在容重较小和EC较低的问题。较小的容重会导致基质紧实度降低，不利于基质对植物根系的固定[12]。较低的EC会导致基质中有效养分质量分数下降，不利于波斯菊生物量的积累和花朵数的增加，降低波斯菊观赏价值[24]。此外，T0处理栽培基质养分质量分数显著低于其他处理，不利于波斯菊地上部分和地下部分生物量积累和生长[23]。因此，T0处理下波斯菊株高、花朵数、根长和生物量最低，均显著低于T100、T75、T50和T25处理。

    4.   结论

    • 在泥炭中添加适量园林绿化废弃物堆肥制成栽培基质，可以增加基质养分质量分数，提高基质容重、通气孔隙、pH和EC。但园林绿化废弃物堆肥与泥炭的体积比＞75%会导致栽培基质容重、pH和EC超出最优基质范围，不利于波斯菊生长。园林绿化废弃物堆肥部分替代泥炭可以显著提高波斯菊株高、花朵数、根长和地上部分及地下部分生物量，其中，以园林绿化废弃物堆肥∶泥炭为50∶50 (体积比)组成的栽培基质理化性质最为适宜，且波斯菊生长最佳。

Reference (25)

Catalog

  • HTML

  • 1.   材料与方法

  • 1.1.   材料

  • 1.2.   方法

  • 1.2.1.   试验设计
  • 1.2.2.   栽培基质的制备
  • 1.2.3.   栽培管理
  • 1.2.4.   栽培基质理化指标测定
  • 1.2.5.   波斯菊生长指标测定
  • 1.2.6.   数据处理
  • 2.   结果与分析

  • 2.1.   不同栽培基质物理性质

  • 2.1.1.   容重
  • 2.1.2.   最大含水量
  • 2.1.3.   总孔隙度

  • 2.2.   不同栽培基质化学性质

  • 2.2.1.   pH
  • 2.2.2.   EC
  • 2.2.3.   养分质量分数

  • 2.3.   不同栽培基质对波斯菊生物量的影响

  • 2.4.   不同栽培基质对波斯菊生长指标的影响

  • 3.   讨论

  • 3.1.   园林绿化废弃物堆肥对栽培基质物理性质的影响

  • 3.2.   园林绿化废弃物堆肥对栽培基质化学性质的影响

  • 3.3.   园林绿化废弃物堆肥对波斯菊生长的影响

  • 4.   结论

浙ICP备11046845号

Copyright by 2019 Editorial Department of Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

Address: No. 666, Wu Su street, Ling'an District, Hangzhou, ZhejiangPost Code: 311300Tel: 0571-63732749

E-Mail: :zlxb@zafu.edu.cn

Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd  support: info@rhhz.net

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return