Replacing peat with garden waste compost in Cosmos bipinnata cultivation
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摘要:
目的 探究园林绿化废弃物堆肥替代泥炭用作波斯菊Cosmos bipinnata栽培基质的可行性，实现园林绿化废弃物的科学、经济、有效利用，减少花卉栽培中泥炭的使用量。 方法 将园林绿化废弃物堆肥和泥炭按不同体积比配制成5种栽培基质[100%园林绿化废弃物堆肥(T100)、75%园林绿化废弃物堆肥+25%泥炭(T75)、50%园林绿化废弃物堆肥+50%泥炭(T50)、25%园林绿化废弃物堆肥+75%泥炭(T25)、100%泥炭(T0)]，T100和T0作为对照，用于波斯菊的栽培试验。通过比较不同种栽培基质的理化性质和波斯菊的生长指标，从中选择出园林绿化废弃物堆肥和泥炭最佳配比的栽培基质。 结果 添加园林绿化废弃物堆肥能够显著提高栽培基质中全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾质量分数(P＜0.05)，改善栽培基质容重、最大含水量、总孔隙度、通气孔隙和酸碱环境，其中添加比例为50%(T50)时，栽培基质理化性质表现最优。与对照(T0)相比，最优栽培基质(T50)栽培的波斯菊地上部鲜质量提高了390.4%，地上部干质量提高了322.2%，地下部鲜质量提高了145.6%，地下部干质量提高了93.1%，株高提高了137.4%，花朵数提高了109.0%，根长提高了95.7%。 结论 园林绿化废弃物堆肥可以部分替代泥炭用于波斯菊栽培，其中以50%园林绿化废弃物堆肥+50%泥炭构成的栽培基质对波斯菊生长最为有利。表5参25 Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore the feasibility of using green waste compost as the Cosmos bipinnata cultivation substrate instead of peat, so as to achieve the scientific, economic and effective utilization of green waste and reduce the use of peat in flower cultivation. Method Green waste compost and peat were prepared into 5 kinds of cultivation substrates according to different proportions [100% green waste compost (T100), 75% green waste compost+25% peat (T75), 50% green waste compost+50% peat (T50), 25% green waste compost+75% peat (T25), and 100% peat (T0)]. T100 and T0 were used as the control for the cultivation test of C. bipinnata. By comparing the physical and chemical properties of different cultivation substrates and the growth index of C. bipinnata, the cultivation substrate with the best proportion of garden waste compost and peat was selected. Result Adding green waste compost could significantly increase the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the cultivation substrate(P＜0.05), and improve the bulk density, maximum water content, total porosity, aeration pores, and acid-base environment of the cultivation substrate. The physical and chemical properties of the cultivation substrate were the best when the addition ratio of green waste compost was 50%. Compared with the control (T0), the fresh weight of aboveground parts, the dry weight of aboveground parts, the fresh weight of underground parts, and the dry weight of underground parts in T50 culture increased by 390.4%, 322.2%, 145.6%, and 93.1%, respectively. The plant height, the flower number, and the root length of C. bipinnata increased by 137.4%, 109.0%, and 95.7% respectively. Conclusion Green waste compost can partially replace peat for C. bipinnata cultivation, and the cultivation substrate composed of 50% green waste compost + 50% peat is the most favorable for the growth of C. bipinnata, which can better replace peat as the cultivation substrate of C. bipinnata for garden greening. [Ch, 5 tab. 25 ref.] -
Key words:
- green waste compost /
- peat /
- Cosmos bipinnata /
- cultivation substrate
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表 1 试验设计
Table 1. Experimental design
基质代号
(处理)不同基质的配比(体积比) 园林绿化废弃物堆肥/% 泥炭/% T100 100 0 T75 75 25 T50 50 50 T25 25 75 T0 0 100 
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表 2 不同栽培基质物理性质
Table 2. Physical properties of different cultivation substrates
处理 容重/(g·cm−3) 最大含水量/% 总孔隙度/% 通气孔隙/% 处理 容重/(g·cm−3) 最大含水量/% 总孔隙度/% 通气孔隙/% T100 0.41±0.03 a 82.67±0.17 a 84.11±0.31 a 23.16±0.16 a T25 0.33±0.02 d 84.33±0.27 b 87.51±0.29 bc 17.88±0.11 c T75 0.39±0.02 b 83.06±0.21 ab 85.32±0.25 ab 20.55±0.24 b T0 0.31±0.03 e 85.95±0.23 b 88.93±0.28 c 15.40± 0.17 d T50 0.37±0.05 c 83.41±0.20 b 86.78±0.21 b 19.79±0.19 b 理想值 ＜0.40[12] 70.00~85.00[13] 70.00~90.00[14] 15.00~30.00[14] 说明：平均值±标准差(n=5)。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)
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表 3 不同栽培基质化学性质
Table 3. Chemical properties of different cultivated substrates
处理 pH EC/(mS·cm−1) 全氮/(g·kg−1) 全磷/(g·kg−1) 全钾/(g·kg−1) 速效磷/(mg·kg−1) 速效钾/(mg·kg−1) T100 6.64±0.04 a 3.51±0.01 a 35.6±0.7 a 10.9±0.6 a 13.2±0.1 a 143±2 a 8 873±67 a T75 6.51±0.06 b 2.47±0.10 b 29.1±1.2 b 8.6±0.2 b 9.8±0.7 b 131±2 b 6 967±54 b T50 6.42±0.09 c 1.67±0.05 c 22.3±0.6 c 6.1±0.4 c 7.2±0.2 c 117±2 c 5 053±56 c T25 6.37±0.03 d 0.89±0.02 d 15.6±0.8 d 3.4±0.1 d 4.1± 0.4 d 103±1 d 3 136±38 d T0 6.26±0.07 e 0.39±0.03 e 7.7±0.2 e 0.2±0.0 e 0.3±0.0 e 86±1 e 1 218±20 e 理想值 5.2~6.5[15] 0.75~3.49[16] 说明：平均值±标准差(n=5)。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)
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表 4 不同栽培基质对波斯菊生物量的影响
Table 4. Effects of different cultivation substrates on the biomass of C. bipinnata
处理 地上部 地下部 处理 地上部 地下部 鲜质量/g 干质量/g 鲜质量/g 干质量/g 鲜质量/g 干质量/g 鲜质量/g 干质量/g T100 9.77±0.13 d 0.61±0.03 d 1.96±0.07 d 0.42±0.05 d T25 16.59±0.07 b 0.93±0.04 b 2.37±0.11 b 0.51±0.04 b T75 12.01±0.19 c 0.72±0.07 c 2.11±0.13 c 0.47±0.06 c T0 6.48±0.11 e 0.36±0.08 e 1.60±0.24 e 0.29±0.02 e T50 31.78±0.21 a 1.52±0.10 a 3.93±0.06 a 0.56±0.02 a 说明：平均值±标准差(n=5)。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)
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表 5 不同栽培基质对波斯菊生长指标的影响
Table 5. Effects of different cultivation substrates on growth Indexes of C. bipinnata
处理 株高/cm 花朵数/朵 根长/cm 处理 株高/cm 花朵数/朵 根长/cm T100 69.40±8.77 d 4.00±1.00 c 15.70±1.26 d T25 117.89±9.93 b 6.00±1.00 b 24.44±2.21 b T75 84.34±8.41 c 5.33±0.67 b 19.55±1.03 c T0 60.46±7.64 e 3.67±0.67 c 13.45±1.17 e T50 143.55±10.12 a 7.67±0.67 a 26.32±1.78 a 说明：平均值±标准差(n=5)。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)
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