Research progress on the role of reactive oxygen species in seed germination
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摘要: 种子是农业生产中最基本的生产资料。种子成功整齐的发芽是作物生长发育、高产稳产的第1步。活性氧(ROS)是一类多功能化合物，在种子萌发过程中发挥着关键作用。本研究介绍了ROS的种类、产生部位以及对种子萌发的“氧化窗口”效应，总结了ROS调控种子萌发的机制并对未来研究提出展望。目前ROS调控种子萌发的研究集中于：①当条件合适时，ROS维持在一个适当的水平，启动赤霉素(GA)等信号转导途径、抑制脱落酸(ABA)途径，调控细胞膨大，促进种子萌发；②当面临不利环境时，ROS的过量积累会对生物大分子造成氧化损伤，诱导ABA途径，抑制种子萌发。ROS通过生物分子氧化、种皮弱化和胚乳衰退解除种子休眠。今后，需进一步探索对种子萌发起到积极作用的“氧化窗口”范围，同时结合转录组学和代谢组学技术筛选种子萌发中调控ROS含量相关基因，更好地了解ROS促进种子萌发的机制。图3表1参94Abstract: Seed is the most basic resource for agricultural production. The germination of seeds is essential for plant growth and development, and affect crop yield and quality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are multifunctional compounds that play a key role in seed germination. In this study, the species, production site and“oxidation window”effect of ROS on seed germination were introduced, the mechanism of ROS regulation on seed germination was summarized. Current studies on ROS regulation of seed germination mainly focus on: (1) When these conditions are permissive for germination, ROS levels are maintained at a level which triggers cellular events associated with germination, such as inducing of GA signaling and inhibition of ABA signaling. (2) However, when seeds are exposed to abiotic stresses, the over accumulation of ROS induces ABA signaling, promotes oxidative damage and thus inhibits seed germination. Moreover, the release of seed dormancy by ROS would be related to oxidation of biomacromolecule, the weakening of seed coat and recession of endosperm. The present review would shed a new light on the signalling roles of ROS in seed physiology. The scope of “oxidation window”which plays a positive role in seed germination should be further explored in future research, and transcriptomics and metabolomics techniques should be combined to screen genes related to the regulation of ROS content in seed germination, so as to better understand the mechanism of ROS promoting seed germination. [Ch, 3 fig. 1 tab. 94 ref.]
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Key words:
- seed germination /
- reactive oxygen species /
- metabolic /
- hormone
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图 2 “氧化窗口”及ROS调控种子萌发机制
Figure 2 “Oxidation window”and ROS regulation mechanism of seed germination
表 1 ROS对种子萌发的影响
Table 1. Effects of ROS on seed germination
作物 内容 影响 文献 作物 内容 影响 文献 拟南芥 发芽、ROS、盐胁迫 抑制 [21] 绿豆 发芽、Ca2+ 促进 [61] 水稻 高温、干旱、ROS、ABA 抑制 [50] 水稻 NADPH氧化酶、萌发 促进 [62] 拟南芥 发芽、ABA 抑制 [54] 生菜 发芽、胚乳弱化 促进 [63] 大麦 发芽、NADPH氧化酶 促进 [55] 拟南芥 镉胁迫 抑制 [51] 向日葵 休眠缓解 促进 [56] 拟南芥 盐胁迫 促进 [64] 向日葵 休眠缓解、ABA、乙烯 促进 [57] 拟南芥 萌发、光 促进 [65] 大麦 ABA、ROS、发芽 促进 [45] 拟南芥 萌发、ABA、GA 促进 [48] 玉米 诱变剂、ROS 抑制 [58] 马蹄苋和乌伦杜娃 砷、锌胁迫 抑制 [52] 西瓜 GA3、种子活力 促进 [59] 大麦 发芽、GA、NADPH氧化酶 促进 [66] 烟草 ROS、GA信号 促进 [60] 豌豆 发芽、ABA 促进 [49] 说明：水稻Oryza sativa，向日葵Helianthus annuu，玉米Zea mays，西瓜Citrullus lanatus，烟草Nicotiana alata，绿豆Vigna radiate，生菜Lactuca sativa，马蹄苋Anadenanthera peregrina，乌伦杜娃Myracrodruon urundeuva 
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