Effects of different ages and positions on fiber morphology and crystallinity of Phyllostachys edulis
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摘要:
目的 研究竹龄与部位对毛竹Phyllostachys edulis纤维形态及结晶度的影响，为实现毛竹在制浆造纸、竹纺织品等工业生产中的高效选材利用提供基础数据。 方法 采用纤维离析法，借助普通光学显微镜，测定纤维形态；通过Segal法计算相对结晶度。 结果 竹龄主要影响竹材的纤维长度，纤维长度随竹龄的增长而增大，且80%的纤维长度为1 000~2 500 µm，属长纤维。轴向高度对毛竹材纤维形态的影响较小，纤维壁腔比、长宽比在3个取样部位间差异显著(P＜0.05)，但未有明显变化规律；轴向上，不同位置纤维长度未见显著差异。径向纤维长度从大到小依次为竹肉、近竹青、近竹黄；结晶度与竹龄无明显关系，径向上由近竹黄到近竹青呈现递增趋势。在影响竹材纤维形态的因子中，竹龄贡献率最大，影响最为明显。 结论 毛竹纤维形态受竹龄影响最大，受径向取样部位影响明显，轴向高度影响较小，所有部位纤维可用于工业生产，建议将竹龄作为原材料筛选的优先指标。图6表6参22 Abstract:Objective This study, with an investigation of the influence of bamboo age and position on the morphology and crystallinity of Phyllostachys edulis fiber, is aimed to provide basic data for the the reasonable selection and efficient utilization of Ph. edulis in the production of pulp, paper, bamboo textile and other industrial products. Method With fiber segregation method and common optical microscope measurement method employed, the fiber morphology was determined whereas the relative crystallinity was calculated by Segal method. Result Bamboo age was postively correlated with the fiber length of bamboo, 80% of which was between 1 000 and 2 500 µm, belonging with long fiber. The shape of bamboo fiber was less affected by the axial height of bamboo, and the fiber wall cavity ratio and length width ratio had significant differences among the three sampling positions (P＜0.05), but there was no obvious change rule, and the fiber length had no significant difference. In radial direction, the fiber length displayed a significant change rule, which was generally reflected as bamboo medium＞bamboo green＞bamboo yellow. There was no significant relationship between crystallinity and bamboo age, and there was an increasing trend from near yellow to near green in radial direction. Among the factors affecting bamboo fiber morphology, bamboo age had the largest contribution rate and the most obvious influence. Conclusion The fiber morphology of Ph. edulis was most affected by the bamboo age, significantly affected by the radial sampling position, and less affected by the axial height. All samples could be used in industrial production, and it is recommended to take the bamboo age as the priority index for raw material screening. [Ch. 6 fig. 6 tab. 22 ref.] -
Key words:
- Phyllostachys edulis /
- fiber morphology /
- wall cavity ratio /
- fiber length /
- fiber length width ratio /
- crystallinity
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图 6 不同竹龄毛竹的X射线衍射图谱
Figure 6 X-ray diffraction patterns of Ph. edulis in different radial directions
表 1 采集试样的基本情况
Table 1. Basic information of sample collection
取样部位 取样位置/竹节 各部位取样壁厚/mm 2 4 6 2 4 6 a 1 6~12 6~11 6~12 11.07 11.29 12.02 2 13~17 12~16 13~17 10.47 9.06 10.32 3 18~21 17~20 18~21 8.91 8.85 9.58 说明：取样部位1、2、3表示竹材由下至上不同部位，具体见图1 
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表 2 毛竹轴向纤维形态差异
Table 2. Differences of Ph. edulis in axial fiber morphology
取样
部位竹龄2 a 竹龄4 a 竹龄6 a 纤维壁腔比 纤维长度/µm 纤维长宽比 纤维壁腔比 纤维长度/µm 纤维长宽比 纤维壁腔比 纤维长度/µm 纤维长宽比 1 4.90±0.15 a 1 787.04±34.14 AB 114.29±2.82 a 6.30±0.16 a 1 810.21±28.98 a 133.62±2.98 A 7.91±0.18 A 1 854.00±27.22 a 146.71±3.05 a 2 4.90±0.16 a 1 754.41±29.25 A 117.58±2.99 a 7.31±0.13 b 1 769.81±33.86 a 149.43±3.83 B 8.70±0.18 B 1 884.01±29.88 a 134.47±3.00 b 3 5.69±0.14 b 1 864.93±29.80 B 133.02±3.01 b 7.11±0.14 b 1 852.12±32.62 a 158.67±3.69 B 8.10±0.14 A 1 894.12±31.17 a 143.75±3.35 ab 平均值 5.16 1 802.13 121.63 6.91 1 810.71 147.24 8.24 1 877.38 141.64 说明：数据为平均值±标准误。取样部位1、2、3所表示的具体位置见图1。小写字母表示数据符合方差齐性检验，两两比较为邦弗伦尼法；大写字母表示数据不符合方差齐性检验，两两比较为塔姆黑尼法。同列不同字母表示不同取样部位差异显著(P＜0.05)
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表 3 毛竹径向纤维形态差异
Table 3. Differences of Ph. edulis in radial fiber morphology
取样部位
(竹黄~竹青)竹龄2 a 竹龄4 a 竹龄6 a 纤维壁腔比 纤维长度/µm 纤维长宽比 纤维壁腔比 纤维长度/µm 纤维长宽比 纤维壁腔比 纤维长度/µm 纤维长宽比 A 5.07±0.18 A 1 694.74±36.84 a 123.87±3.61 ab 6.93±0.20 a 1 714.09±43.21 a 142.49±4.29 a 9.09±0.23 a 1 863.92±36.82 ab 147.69±4.27 ac B 6.49±0.19 B 1 712.21±40.33 a 112.47±3.94 a 7.02±0.18 a 1 935.47±40.85 b 153.03±4.97 a 7.63±0.19 b 1 884.41±38.23 ab 144.30±3.84 abc C 4.84±0.22 A 1 852.63±41.17 ab 129.04±3.79 b 7.11±0.21 a 1 822.00±42.29 ab 153.07±5.00 a 7.84±0.22 b 1 973.08±36.44 a 151.02±4.28 c D 4.49±0.16 A 1 824.75±39.29 ab 125.15±4.20 ab 6.81±0.16 a 1 765.08±38.28 ab 145.83±4.59 a 7.83±0.20 b 1 865.71±38.70 ab 133.26±3.57 ab E 4.93±0.19 A 1 926.29±41.19 b 117.60±3.60 ab 6.67±0.19 a 1 817.60±39.88 ab 141.76±4.11 a 8.13±0.23 a 1 799.77±38.56 b 132.32±4.09 b 说明：数据为平均值±标准误。取样部位A~E表示的具体位置见图2。小写字母表示数据符合方差齐性检验，两两比较为邦弗伦尼法；大写字母表示数据不符合方差齐性检验，两两比较为塔姆黑尼法。同列不同字母表示不同取样部位差异显著(P＜0.05)
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表 4 主成分各因子提取载荷平方和
Table 4. Each factor extracts the sum of squares of the load
成分 方差百分比/% 累计贡献率/% 竹龄 30.004 30.004 轴向取样部位 22.431 52.435 径向取样部位 16.757 69.192
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