Temporal and spatial variation of soil phosphorus in Phyllostachys praecox stands under intensive cultivation management
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摘要: 2006年，在雷竹Phyllostachys praecox主产区浙江省临安市三口镇，选取集约经营下不同栽植年限（1，5，10，15 a）的雷竹林以及与未栽雷竹的邻近水田（0 a）采集土样，旨在分析集约经营雷竹林土壤磷素随雷竹栽植年限和剖面深度的时空变化规律，以便为雷竹林土壤的可持续利用提供依据。研究表明：雷竹林土壤磷素随栽植年限增长而增加。0，1，5，10和15 a的10~20 cm土层全磷质量分数分别是0.39，0.58，0.58，0.85和1.57 g·kg-1；有机磷质量分数为130.16，179.83，183.61，209.46和262.79 mg·kg-1；有效磷为6.78，17.41，33.49，100.64和326.36 mg·kg-1。土壤中的全磷和有机磷随着栽植年限的增长而稳步上升；速效磷则随着栽植年限的增加而急剧上升。但有机磷占全磷的比例较小并随着栽植年限的增加而更趋下降，表明累积的磷素主要来自大多数还没有被利用而残留的无机磷肥，有机覆盖物对土壤磷素累积的贡献不大。雷竹林土壤全磷、有机磷和有效磷在剖面深度上的分布总体上是随深度的加深而逐渐减少：即表层（0~10 cm）>亚表层（10~20 cm）>底层（20~40 cm）。然而在10 a以前，土壤全磷呈现两头高而中间低的分布态势，1~15 a的土壤有效磷和有机磷均呈现从表层到底层逐渐减少的趋势，其幅度随着栽植年限的增加而扩大。集约经营模式虽然有较高的经济效益，但土壤中大量磷素的累积既是资源的浪费又对环境具有潜在的威胁，应调整施肥措施和配方。Abstract: In 2006, we investigated and sampled soils in the main production area of Phyllostachys praecox stands, namely Sankou town, Lin'an city, choosing 1, 5, 10, 15 years plantation of bamboo stands(the paddy soil nearby as the beginning soil of Phyllostachys praecox stands as a check) and each by 4 replications. The objective of this study is to analyse the temporal and spatial variation of soil P along with planting years and the profile depth in Phyllostachys praecox stands during last 15 years under very intensive management models (very heavy fertilizer application yearly and heavy winter organic mulch started after 5 plantation years). Results indicated that, with the prolonging plantation time, the soil P content increased significantly(P<0.05). Soil P content in sub surface layer of 10-20 cm were gradually increased from 0 to 15 years, total P(TP) were 0.39,0.58,0.58,0.85 and 1.57 g·kg-1 respectively, soil organic P were 130.16, 179.83, 183.61, 209.46 and 262.79 mg·kg-1 respectively, and soil available P (Olsen P) were 6.78, 17.41, 33.49, 100.64 and 326.36 mg·kg-1 respectively. The soil Olsen P content rose more rapidly than others with the prolonging plantation time, especially the accumulation velocity and intensity after 10 years. The results indicated that the phosphorus fertilizer was much exceeded which it was needed by Phyllostachys praecox stand. The soil TP,organic P and Olsen P content decreased with the profile depth increase as a whole. However, before the 10 years, the soil TP content was higher at surface and bottom layers, and lower in the middle of sub-surface layer. The soil Olsen P and organic P content from 1 to 15 years had reduced gradually from surface to bottom layers and the reducing rate was expanded with the plantation time. The highly accumulation of TP and Olsen P in the stand soil not only is a big waste of valuable P resources, but also is a potential danger of pollution to its surrounding's water body. We should adjust the management of fertilization in order to save the prime cost, achieve a high yield and protect environment.
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