-
自然界中,种群是物种存在、物种进化和种间关系的基本单元,是连接生物个体、群落和生态系统的纽带[1]。开展植物种群生物学与生态学研究对了解其发展动态、生活史适应对策、种间相互作用与协同进化等极其重要[2-3]。由于全球气候变化及人类长期对草地的干扰(如放牧、乱开滥垦等),草地退化日趋严重。狼毒Stellera chamaejasme是瑞香科Thymelaeaceae多年生草本植物,是天然草地主要的毒草之一[4],以狼毒为代表的毒杂草植物在天然草地中迅速扩散和蔓延,危害草地面积已达3.33×107 hm2[5],造成中国优质草地资源和产草量急剧下降,对草地畜牧业发展[6]和草原生态系统平衡造成严重威胁。开展狼毒种群生态与繁殖生物学研究,了解其繁殖机制和种群动态,揭示该物种入侵、发展、扩张的生态学机制,对于狼毒型退化草地的控制、修复以及保护天然草地具有重要意义。近几年,狼毒因其“毒草”的特殊身份和生态重要性吸引了不少植物生态学者的关注,并在其种子散布特征[7]、种群空间分布格局和种群动态[8-10]以及繁殖特性[11-13]等方面开展了深入研究。但是,至今未见有关狼毒种群生态与繁殖生物学方面的综述性报道。对狼毒种群空间分布格局、繁殖生物学特征、化感作用及其生态功能等方面进行了综述,可为全面理解狼毒的种群繁殖、更新和扩张等生态学过程,进一步开展该物种生态学相关研究提供参考。
Advances in population ecology and reproductive biology of Stellera chamaejasme
-
摘要: 植物种群生态学研究旨在探讨种群发展动态、分布及其与生境其他生物和非生物因素间的相互作用,对理解生态系统平衡、生物多样性以及生态保护具有重要的理论和实践意义。狼毒Stellera chamaejasme是退化草地的典型毒杂草之一,开展狼毒种群生态与繁殖生物学研究能为该毒草型退化草地控制与修复、草地资源管理以及草地生态保护提供科学理论依据。综述了狼毒在种群空间分布格局、种群扩散与定植方面的研究成果,阐述了狼毒的繁育系统特征、传粉综合征以及繁殖分配策略,讨论了狼毒的化感作用和种群生态功能,最后结合当前研究成果对未来研究提出展望。主要结论为:狼毒种群空间分布格局表现出聚集、随机和均匀分布,种子近母株散布方式及其较低的萌发率影响种群扩散;狼毒具有自交不亲和系统,属于典型的异交植物,花部特征表现为鳞翅目Lepidoptera的蛾类和蝶类传粉综合征;狼毒随不同海拔和坡向等生境变化常表现出不同的繁殖分配策略;狼毒能通过根系分泌或残体腐解释放化感物质,通过改变土壤养分等对草地群落其他物种产生积极或消极影响,以此对群落结构及其生态功能产生影响。狼毒的种群生态学研究未来应重点探究其空间分布格局形成的生态学机制、狼毒在草地群落入侵定居和繁殖扩散的生境选择以及其种群扩散与草地退化之间的生态学关系。图1参106Abstract: The study of plant population ecology aims to explore the development dynamics, distribution of population, and its interaction with other biological and abiotic factors in the habitat, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for understanding ecosystem balance, biodiversity and ecological protection. Stellera chamaejasme is one of the typical poisonous weeds in degraded grassland. An investigation into its population ecology and reproductive biology can provide scientific and theoretical basis for the control and restoration, resource management, and ecological protection of degraded grassland of this type. In this paper, the research results on spatial distribution pattern, population diffusion and colonization of S. chamaejasme were summarized. The breeding system characteristics, pollination syndrome and reproductive allocation strategies of S. chamaejasme were expounded. The allelopathy and ecological function of S. chamaejasme were discussed. Finally, the future research was prospected based on the current research results. The main conclusions are as follows: the spatial distribution pattern of S. chamaejasme population shows clumped(aggregation), random and uniform distribution, and the distribution pattern of seed near the mother plant and its low germination rate affect the population diffusion. S. chamaejasme, with its self-incompatibility system, is a typical outcrossing plant, and its floral features show the pollination syndrome of moths and butterflies in order Lepidoptera. With the change of habitat at different altitude and slope direction, the reproductive allocation strategy of S. chamaejasme is different. S. chamaejasme can release allelopathy substances through root secretion or residual decay, and exert positive or negative effects on other species of grassland community by changing soil nutrients, so as to influence community structure and ecological function. In the future, studies on population ecology of S. chamaejasme should focus on the ecological mechanism of spatial distribution pattern formation, habitat selection of invasion, settlement and propagation in grassland communities, and the ecological relationship between population diffusion and grassland degradation. [Ch, 1 fig. 106 ref.]
-
[1] 周纪纶. 种群的基本特征和种群生物学的进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 1982, 1(2): 33 − 39. ZHOU Jilun. The fundamental characteristics of population advance and the population biology [J]. Chin J Ecol, 1982, 1(2): 33 − 39. [2] SILVERTOWN J W. Introduction to Plant Population Ecology[M]. London: Longman Press, 1982: 86. [3] CHEUNG A Y, PALANIVELU R, TANG W H, et al. Pollen and plant reproduction biology: blooming from East to West [J]. Mol Plant, 2013, 6(4): 995 − 997. [4] 张永洪. 瑞香狼毒的繁育系统、分子进化及地理分布格局形成的研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院, 2008. ZHANG Yonghong. Study on the Breeding System, Molecular Evolution and Modern Biogeographical Pattern in Stellera chamaejasme[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2008. [5] ZHAO Baoyu, LIU Zhongyan, LU Hao, et al. Damage and control of poisonous weeds in western grassland of China [J]. Agric Sci China, 2010, 9(10): 1512 − 1521. [6] 刘英, 龙瑞军, 姚拓. 草地狼毒研究进展[J]. 草业科学, 2004, 21(6): 55 − 61. LIU Ying, LONG Ruijun, YAO Tuo. Research progress on Stellera chamaejasme L. in grassland [J]. Pratacultural Sci, 2004, 21(6): 55 − 61. [7] 邢福, 王艳红, 郭继勋. 内蒙古退化草原狼毒种子的种群分布格局与散布机制[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(1): 143 − 148. XING Fu, WANG Yanhong, GUO Jixun. Spatial distribution patterns and dispersal mechanisms of the seed population of Stellera chamaejasme on degraded grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2004, 24(1): 143 − 148. [8] 邢福. 东北退化草原狼毒种群生活史对策研究[D]. 吉林: 东北师范大学, 2002. XING Fu. Studies on the Life-history Strategies of Stellera chamaejasme Population in the Degraded Steppe of Northeast China[D]. Jilin: Northeast Normal University, 2002. [9] 赵成章, 高福元, 王小鹏, 等. 黑河上游高寒退化草地狼毒种群小尺度点格局分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(11): 1319 − 1326. ZHAO Chengzhang, GAO Fuyuan, WANG Xiaopeng, et al. Fine-scale spatial patterns of Stellera chamaejasme population in degraded alpine grassland in upper reaches of Heihe, China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(11): 1319 − 1326. [10] 高福元, 赵成章, 卓马兰草, 等. 高寒退化草地不同海拔梯度狼毒种群分布格局及空间关联性[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(3): 605 − 612. GAO Fuyuan, ZHAO Chengzhang, ZHUOMA Lancao, et al. Spatial distribution and spatial association of Stellera chamaejasme population in the different altitude in degraded alpine grassland [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2014, 34(3): 605 − 612. [11] 李钰, 赵成章, 侯兆疆, 等. 高寒退化草地狼毒种群个体大小与茎、叶的异速生长[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(2): 241 − 246. LI Yu, ZHAO Chengzhang, HOU Zhaojiang, et al. Body size and stem-and leaf allometry of Stellera chamaejasme in degraded alpine grassland [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2013, 32(2): 241 − 246. [12] 侯兆疆, 赵成章, 李钰, 等. 不同坡向高寒退化草地狼毒株高和枝条数的权衡关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(3): 281 − 288. HOU Zhaojiang, ZHAO Chengzhang, LI Yu, et al. Trade-off between height and branch numbers in Stellera chamaejasme on slopes of different aspects in a degraded alpine grassland [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(3): 281 − 288. [13] 张茜, 赵成章, 董小刚, 等. 高寒退化草地不同海拔狼毒种群花大小与叶大小、叶数量的关系[J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(1): 40 − 46. ZHANG Qian, ZHAO Chengzhang, DONG Xiaogang, et al. Relationship between flower size and leaf size, number of Stellera chamaejasme population of degraded alpine grassland along an altitude gradient [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2015, 34(1): 40 − 46. [14] GREY-WILSON C. Stellera chamaejasme: an overview [J]. New Plantsman, 1995, 2(1): 43 − 49. [15] GITTINS R. Canonical Analysis: A Review with Applications in Ecology[M]. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985: 131 − 141. [16] 晁增国, 汪诗平, 徐广平, 等. 围封对退化矮嵩草草甸群落结构和主要种群空间分布格局的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2008, 28(11): 2320 − 2326. CHAO Zengguo, WANG Shiping, XU Guangping, et al. Effect of fencing on community structure and distribution patterns of main populations in degraded Kobresia humilis meadow [J]. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin, 2008, 28(11): 2320 − 2326. [17] BAROT S, GIGNOUX J, MENAUT J C. Demography of a savanna palm tree: predictions from comprehensive spatial pattern analyses [J]. Ecology, 1999, 80(6): 1987 − 2005. [18] WOLF A T, HARRISON S P. Effects of habitat size and patch isolation on reproductive success of the serpentine morning glory [J]. Conserv Biol, 2010, 15(1): 111 − 121. [19] RAYBURN A P, MONACO T A. Linking plant spatial patterns and ecological processes in grazed great basin plant communities [J]. Rangeland Ecol Manage, 2011, 64(3): 276 − 282. [20] CZARAN T, BARTHA S. Spatiotemporal dynamic models of plant populations and communities [J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 1992, 7(2): 38 − 42. [21] TILMAN D. Competition and biodiversity in spatially structured habitats [J]. Ecology, 1994, 75(1): 2 − 16. [22] BOLKER B, PACALA S W. Using moment equations to understand stochastically driven spatial pattern formation in ecological systems [J]. Theor Pop Biol, 1998, 52(3): 179 − 197. [23] PHILLIPS D L, MACMAHON J A. Competition and spacing patterns in desert shrubs [J]. J Ecol, 1981, 69(1): 97 − 115. [24] BEATTY S W. Influence of microtopography and canopy species on spatial patterns of forest understory plants [J]. Ecology, 1984, 65(5): 1406 − 1419. [25] MOLLES M. Ecology: Concepts and Applications[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015: 618. [26] 侯兆疆, 赵成章, 李钰, 等. 高寒退化草地狼毒种群地上生物量空间格局对地形的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(2): 253 − 258. HOU Zhaojiang, ZHAO Chengzhang, LI Yu, et al. Responses of the spatial pattern of Stellera chamaejasme’s aboveground biomass to topography in degraded alpine grassland [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2013, 32(2): 253 − 258. [27] 邢福, 宋日. 草地有毒植物狼毒种群分布格局及动态[J]. 草业科学, 2002, 19(1): 16 − 19. XING Fu, SONG Ri. Population distribution pattern and dynamics of poisonous Stellera chamaejasme on grassland [J]. Pratacultural Sci, 2002, 19(1): 16 − 19. [28] 高福元, 赵成章, 石福习, 等. 祁连山北坡高寒草地狼毒种群空间分布格局[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(6): 1312 − 1316. GAO Fuyuan, ZHAO Chengzhang, SHI Fuxi, et al. Spatial pattern of Stellera chamaejasme population in degraded alpine grassland in northern slope of Qilian Mountains, China [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2011, 30(6): 1312 − 1316. [29] SUN Geng, LUO Peng, WU Neumann, et al. Stellera chamaejasme L. increases soil N availability, turnover rates and microbial biomass in an alpine meadow ecosystem on the eastern Tibetan Plateau of China [J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2009, 41(1): 86 − 91. [30] 任珩, 赵成章, 安丽涓. 祁连山北坡“毒杂草”型退化草地群落生态位特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(10): 2711 − 2715. REN Heng, ZHAO Chengzhang, AN Lijuan. Niche characteristics of ‘noxious and miscellaneous grass type’ degraded grassland on northern slope [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2013, 32(10): 2711 − 2715. [31] 任珩, 赵成章, 任丽娟. 基于Ripley的K(r)函数的“毒杂草"”型退化草地狼毒与西北针茅种群空间分布格局[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2015, 29(1): 59 − 64. REN Heng, ZHAO Chengzhang, REN Lijuan. Spatial point patterns of Stellera chamaejasme and Stipa krylovii populations in degraded grassland of noxious and miscellaneous types based on Ripley’s K(r) function [J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ, 2015, 29(1): 59 − 64. [32] 任珩, 赵成章. 高寒退化草地狼毒与赖草种群空间格局及竞争关系[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(2): 435 − 442. REN Heng, ZHAO Chengzhang. Spatial pattern and competition relationship of Stellera chamaejasme and Aneurolepidium dasystachys population in degraded alpine grassland [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2013, 33(2): 435 − 442. [33] HARPER J L. Population Biology of Plants[M]. New York: Academic Press, 1977: 319. [34] 刘晓风, 谭敦炎. 24种十字花科短命植物的扩散体特征与扩散对策[J]. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(6): 1019 − 1027. LIU Xiaofeng, TAN Dunyan. Diaspore characteristics and dispersal strategies of 24 ephemeral species of brassicaceae in the junggar desert of China [J]. J Plant Ecol, 2007, 31(6): 1019 − 1027. [35] YAMAZAKI Y, NAOE S, MASAKI T, et al. Temporal variations in seed dispersal patterns of a bird-dispersed tree, Swida controversa (Cornaceae), in a temperate forest [J]. Ecol Res, 2015, 31(2): 165 − 176. [36] HOWE H F, SMALLWOOD J. Ecology of seed dispersal [J]. Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 1982, 13(1): 201 − 228. [37] 郭志文, 郑景明. 用植物生活史性状预测种子扩散方式[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(9): 966 − 971. GUO Zhiwen, ZHENG Jingming. Predicting modes of seed dispersal using plant life history traits [J]. Biodiversity Sci, 2017, 25(9): 966 − 971. [38] WENDER N J, POLISETTY C R, DONOHUE K. Density-dependent processes influencing the evolutionary dynamics of dispersal: a functional analysis of seed dispersal in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) [J]. Am J Bot, 2005, 92(6): 960 − 971. [39] VAN D P L. Principles of Dispersal in Higher Plants[M]. 3rd. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1982: 499. [40] PREDAVEC M. Seed removal by rodents, ants and birds in the Simpson Desert, central Australia [J]. J Arid Environ, 1997, 36(2): 327 − 332. [41] ARBELAEZ M V, PARRADO-ROSSELLI A. Seed dispersal modes of the sandstone plateau vegetation of the middle Caquetá river region, Colombian Amazonia [J]. Biotropica, 2005, 37(1): 64 − 72. [42] BOEKEN B, SHACHAK M. The dynamics of abundance and incidence of annual plant species during colonization in a desert [J]. Ecography, 1998, 21(1): 63 − 73. [43] WILLIS K J, BAILEY R, BHAGWAT S, et al. Biodiversity baselines, thresholds and resilience: testing predictions and assumptions using palaeoecological data [J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 2010, 25(10): 583 − 591. [44] 邢福, 郭继勋, 王艳红. 狼毒种子萌发特性与种群更新机制的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14(11): 1851 − 1854. XING Fu, GUO Jixun, WANG Yanhong. Seed germination characteristics and regeneration mechanism of Stellera chamaejasme population [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2003, 14(11): 1851 − 1854. [45] CONNELL J H, SLATYER R O. Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization [J]. Am Nat, 1977, 111(982): 1119 − 1144. [46] KADMON R, SHMIDA A. Spatiotemporal demographic processes in plant populations: an approach and a case study [J]. Am Nat, 1990, 135(3): 382 − 397. [47] FOWLER N L. Density-dependent demography in two grasses: a five-year study [J]. Ecology, 1995, 76(7): 2145 − 2164. [48] PACKER A, CLAY K. Soil pathogens and prunus serotina seedling and sapling growth near conspecific trees [J]. Ecology, 2003, 84(1): 108 − 119. [49] NATHAN R, MULLER-LANDAU H C. Spatial patterns of seed dispersal, their determinants and consequences for recruitment [J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 2000, 15(7): 278 − 285. [50] CURSACH J, RITA J. Reproductive biology of Ranunculus weyleri (Ranunculaceae), a narrowly endemic plant from the Balearic Islands with disjunct populations [J]. Flora, 2012, 207(10): 726 − 735. [51] BARRETT S C H, ECKERT C G. Variation and evolution of mating systems in seed plants[M]//KAWANO S. Biological Approaches and Evolutionary Trends in Plants. London: Academic Press, 1990: 229 − 254. [52] 张大勇, 姜新华. 植物交配系统的进化、资源分配对策与遗传多样性[J]. 植物生态学报, 2001, 25(2): 130 − 143. ZHANG Dayong, JIANG Xinhua. Mating system evolution, resource allocation, and genetic diversity in plants [J]. Acta Phytoecol Sin, 2001, 25(2): 130 − 143. [53] 孙庚. 瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme L.)对高寒草甸系统生长和非生长季节碳氮循环的影响及其花粉化感效应[D]. 北京: 中国科学院, 2008. SUN Geng. Effect of Stellera chamaejasme L. on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in Growing and Non-growing Season and Its Pollen Allelopathy on a High-frigid Meadow[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2008. [54] ZHANG Zhiqiang, ZHANG Yonghong, SUN Hang. The reproductive biology of Stellera chamaejasme (Thymelaeaceae): a self-incompatible weed with specialized flowers [J]. Flora, 2011, 206(6): 567 − 574. [55] ZAPATA T R, ARROYO M T K. Plant reproductive ecology of a secondary deciduous tropical forest in Venezuela [J]. Biotropica, 1978, 10(3): 221 − 230. [56] MUYLE A, MARAIS G. Mating systems in plants, genome evolution and[M]//KLIMAN R M. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology. Oxford: Academic Press, 2016: 480 − 492. [57] ZHANG Lijuan, YU Ling, LOU Anru. No evolutionary change in the mating system of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) during its invasion in China [J]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 1 − 8. [58] HARWOOD C E, THINH H H, QUANG T H, et al. The effect of inbreeding on early growth of Acacia mangium in Vietnam [J]. Silv Genet, 2004, 53(2): 65 − 69. [59] MABLE B K, ADAM A. Patterns of genetic diversity in outcrossing and selfing populations of Arabidopsis lyrata [J]. Mol Ecol, 2007, 16(17): 3565 − 3580. [60] NASRALLAH J B. Plant mating systems: self-incompatibility and evolutionary transitions to self-fertility in the mustard family [J]. Curr Opin Gen Dev, 2017, 47: 54 − 60. [61] LAST L, LUSCHER G, WIDMER F, et al. Indicators for genetic and phenotypic diversity of Dactylis glomerata in Swiss permanent grassland [J]. Ecol Indic, 2014, 38: 181 − 191. [62] LARS G, ARAVANOPOULOS F, BENNADJI Z, et al. Global to local genetic diversity indicators of evolutionary potential in tree species within and outside forests [J]. For Ecol Manage, 2014, 333: 35 − 51. [63] DAVIS H G, TAYLOR C M, LAMBRINOS J G, et al. Pollen limitation causes an allee effect in a wind-pollinated invasive grass (Spartina alterniflora) [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2004, 101(38): 13804 − 13807. [64] 王福山. 狼毒在退化高寒草甸中的氮素获取策略研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2016. WANG Fushan. Study on Strategy of Nitrogen Acquisition in Stellera chamaejasme in Degraded Alpine Meadow[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016. [65] 王福山, 何永涛, 石培礼, 等. 狼毒对西藏高原高寒草甸退化的指示作用[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2016, 22(4): 567 − 572. WANG Fushan, HE Yongtao, SHI Peili, et al. Stellera chamaejasme as an indicator for alpine meadow degradation on the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 2016, 22(4): 567 − 572. [66] STEBBINS G L. Adaptive radiation of reproductive characteristics in angiosperms (Ⅰ) pollination mechanisms [J]. Ann Rev Ecol Syst, 1970, 1(1): 307 − 326. [67] 方强, 黄双全. 群落水平上传粉生态学的研究进展[J]. 科学通报, 2014, 59(6): 449 − 458. FANG Qiang, HUANG Shuangquan. Progress in pollination ecology at the community level [J]. Chin Sci Bull, 2014, 59(6): 449 − 458. [68] FENSTER C B, ARMBRUSTER W S, WILSON P, et al. Pollination syndromes and floral specialization [J]. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst, 2004, 35(35): 375 − 403. [69] WHITTALL J B, HODGES S A. Pollinator shifts drive increasingly long nectar spurs in columbine flowers [J]. Nature, 2007, 447(7145): 706 − 709. [70] OLLERTON J, ALARCON R, WASER N M, et al. A global test of the pollination syndrome hypothesis [J]. Ann Bot, 2009, 103(9): 1471 − 1480. [71] TAYLOR L R, HEATH J, EMMET A M. The moths and butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland [J]. J Anim Ecol, 1980, 49(3): 1012 − 1013. [72] MOOG U, FIALA B, FEDERLE W, et al. Thrips pollination of the dioecious ant plant Macaranga hullettii (Euphorbiaceae) in southeast Asia [J]. Am J Bot, 2002, 89(1): 50 − 59. [73] HAGERUP O. Thrips pollination of Erica tetrallx [J]. New Phytol, 1953, 52(1): 1 − 7. [74] WILLIAMS G, ADAM P. A review of rainforest pollination and plant-pollinator interactions with particular reference to Australian subtropical rainforests [J]. Aust Zool, 1994, 29(3): 177 − 212. [75] MICHAEL F. Seed Ecology[M]. London and New York: Chapman and Hall, 1985: 1 − 2. [76] CASTRO S, FERRERO V, COSTA J, et al. Reproductive strategy of the invasive Oxalis pes-caprae: distribution patterns of floral morphs, ploidy levels and sexual reproduction [J]. Biol Invasions, 2013, 15(8): 1863 − 1875. [77] DOUST J L. Plant reproductive strategies and resource allocation [J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 1989, 4(8): 230 − 234. [78] 毛婉嫕, 王一峰, 杨励龙, 等. 重齿风毛菊繁殖分配及花部特征与海拔的相关性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(1): 60 − 66. MAO Wanyi, WANG Yifeng, YANG Lilong, et al. Reproductive allocation and floral characteristic of Saussurea katochaete in releation to elevation [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2019, 38(1): 60 − 66. [79] KORNER C. Alpine Plant Life: Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems[M]. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1999: 28 − 265. [80] 张茜, 赵成章, 董小刚, 等. 高寒退化草地不同海拔狼毒种群花大小、数量与个体大小的关系[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(12): 3160 − 3166. ZHANG Qian, ZHAO Chengzhang, DONG Xiaogang, et al. Relationships between flower size, flower number, and plant size of Stellera chamaejasme population along an altitude gradient of degraded alpine grassland in northwest China [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2013, 32(12): 3160 − 3166. [81] FABBRO T, KORNER C. Altitudinal differences in flower traits and reproductive allocation [J]. Flora, 2004, 199(1): 70 − 81. [82] HAUTIER Y, RANDIN C F, STOCKLIN J, et al. Changes in reproductive investment with altitude in an alpine plant [J]. J Plant Ecol, 2009, 2(3): 125 − 134. [83] 王一峰, 高宏岩, 施海燕, 等. 小花风毛菊的性器官在青藏高原的海拔变异[J]. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(2): 379 − 384. WANG Yifeng, GAO Hongyan, SHI Haiyan, et al. Adaptive significance of Saussurea parviflora’s sexual organs, Qinghai-Tibetan, China [J]. J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(2): 379 − 384. [84] 赵方, 杨永平. 中华山蓼不同海拔居群的繁殖分配研究[J]. 植物分类学报, 2008, 46(6): 830 − 835. ZHAO Fang, YANG Yongping. Reproductive allocation in a dioecious perennial Oxyria sinensis (Polygonaceae) along altitudinal gradients [J]. J Syst Evol, 2008, 46(6): 830 − 835. [85] YAQOOB U, NAWCHOO I A. Impact of habitat variability and altitude on growth dynamics and reproductive allocation in Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke [J]. J King Saud Univ-Sci, 2015, 29(1): 867 − 883. [86] 索南措, 王一峰, 李梅, 等. 青藏高原东缘常见种长毛风毛菊(Saussurea hieracioides)的繁殖分配[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(6): 1433 − 1438. Sonamtso, WANG Yifeng, LI Mei, et al. Reproductive allocation of Saussurea hieracioides (Asteraceae), a common species in eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2013, 32(6): 1433 − 1438. [87] 李钰, 赵成章, 董小刚, 等. 高寒草地狼毒枝-叶性状对坡向的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(12): 3145 − 3151. LI Yu, ZHAO Chengzhang, DONG Xiaogang, et al. Responses of Stellera chamaejasme twig and leaf traits to slope aspect in alpine grassland of northwest China [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2013, 32(12): 3145 − 3151. [88] 牛翠娟. 基础生态学[M]. 3版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2015: 122. [89] 程巍, 仲波, 徐良英, 等. 不同年龄瑞香狼毒的根水提液对青藏高原高寒草甸4种常见植物的化感作用[J]. 生态科学, 2017, 36(4): 1 − 11. CHENG Wei, ZHONG Bo, XU Liangying, et al. Allelopathic effects of root aqueous extract of different age of Stellera chamaejasme on four common plants in alpine meadow of Tibet Plateau [J]. Ecol Sci, 2017, 36(4): 1 − 11. [90] 周淑清, 黄祖杰, 王慧, 等. 狼毒在土壤里腐解过程中对红豆草生化他感作用的研究[J]. 草业科学, 2009, 26(03): 91 − 94. ZHOU Shuqing, HUANG Zujie, WANG Hui, et al. Allelopathic effect of Stellera chamaejasme decomposing in soil on Onobrychis viciifolia [J]. Pratacultural Sci, 2009, 26(03): 91 − 94. [91] 郭鸿儒. 瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme L.)化感物质及其生态作用机制[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2016. GUO Hongru. Allelopathic Substances of Stellera chamaejasme L. and Its Ecological Mechanism[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016. [92] 周淑清, 侯天爵, 黄祖杰. 狼毒水浸液对几种主要牧草种子发芽的影响[J]. 中国草地, 1993(4): 77 − 79. ZHOU Shuqing, HOU Tianjue, HUANG Zujie. Effect of aqueous extracts from Stellera chamaejasme on seed germination of several herbage species [J]. Chin J Grassland, 1993(4): 77 − 79. [93] 王慧, 卫智军, 周淑清, 等. 狼毒对新麦草、无芒雀麦化感作用的研究[J]. 草业与畜牧, 2011(1): 17 − 20. WANG Hui, WEI Zhijun, ZHOU Shuqing, et al. A study on allelopathic effect of Stellera chamaejasme on Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) and Bromus inermis [J]. Prataculture Anim Husbandry, 2011(1): 17 − 20. [94] 富瑶. 科尔沁草地瑞香狼毒化感作用研究[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2008. FU Yao. Study on Allelopathy of Siellera chamaejasme of Horqin Grassland[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2008. [95] 季丽萍. 瑞香狼毒营养成分分析及对紫花苜蓿的化感作用[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 2016. JI Liping. Analysis on Nutritional Components of Siellera chamaejasme L. and Allelopathic Effects on Medicago sativa L.[D]. Xi’an: Northwest University, 2016. [96] 孙庚, 罗鹏, 吴宁. 瑞香狼毒对青藏高原东部高寒草甸主要物种花粉萌发和种子结实的花粉化感效应[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(16): 4369 − 4375. SUN Geng, LUO Peng, WU Ning. Pollen allelopathy of Stellera chamaejasme on pollen germination and seed set of main species in a high-frigid meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2010, 30(16): 4369 − 4375. [97] 张伟, 高建民, 张爱东, 等. 瑞香狼毒次生代谢产物的研究进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2016, 37(8): 35 − 38. ZHANG Wei, GAO Jianmin, ZHANG Aidong, et al. Research progress on secondary metabolites of Stellera chamaejasme [J]. Anim Husbandry Feed Sci, 2016, 37(8): 35 − 38. [98] 冯宝民, 裴月湖. 瑞香狼毒中的化学成分研究[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2001, 36(1): 21 − 22. FENG Baomin, PEI Yuehu. Studies on the chemical constituents of Stellera chamaejasme [J]. Chin Pharm J, 2001, 36(1): 21 − 22. [99] 于保青, 胥维昌. 瑞香狼毒化学成分及活性的研究进展[J]. 农药, 2008, 47(12): 863 − 866, 895. YU Baoqing, XU Weichang. Advances chemical constituents and activity studies on Stellera chamaejasmme L. [J]. Pesticides, 2008, 47(12): 863 − 866, 895. [100] JIN Changdong, RONALD G M, MOHSE D. Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Stellera chamaejasme [J]. Phytochemistry, 1999, 50(4): 677 − 680. [101] GUO Hongrui, ZENG Limin, YAN Zhiqiang, et al. Allelochemical from the root exudates of Siellera chamaejasme L. and its degradation [J]. Allelopathy J, 2016, 38(1): 103 − 112. [102] IKEGAWA T, IKEGAWA A. Extraction of Anticancer and Antiviral Substances fom Stellera chamaejasme for Therapeuticuse: 0892118 [P]. 1996-04-09. [103] YAN Zhiqiang, ZENG Liming, JIN Hui, et al. Potential ecological roles of flavonoids from Stellera chamaejasme[J]. Plant Signaling Behav, 2015, 10(3): e1001225. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2014.1001225. [104] 郭丽珠, 王堃. 瑞香狼毒生物学生态学研究进展[J]. 草地学报, 2018, 26(3): 525 − 532. GUO Lizhu, WANG Kun. Research progress on biology and ecology of Stellera chamaejasme L. [J]. Acta Agrestia Sin, 2018, 26(3): 525 − 532. [105] CHENG Wei, SUN Geng, DU Linfang, et al. Unpalatable weed Stellera chamaejasme L. provides biotic refuge for neighboring species and conserves plant diversity in overgrazing alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau in China [J]. J Mount Sci, 2014, 11: 746 − 754. [106] 尚占环, 龙瑞军, 马玉寿, 等. 青藏高原“黑土滩”次生毒杂草群落成体植株与幼苗空间异质性及相似性分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1157 − 1165. SHANG Zhanhuan, LONG Ruijun, MA Yushou, et al. Spatial heterogeneity and similarity of adults and seedlings in “black soil land” secondary weed community, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J]. J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(5): 1157 − 1165. -
链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200234