2006 Vol. 23, No. 5
2006, 23(5): 477-481.
Abstract:
Based on the variation pattern of wood properties obtained from the analysis results of measurement of tracheid length , microfibril angle , ratio of tracheid length to width , basic density and late wood percentage , the boundary of juvenile and mature wood of Pinus densiflora plantation was demarcated by using optimum method of classification , and the differences of mechanical properties of juvenile wood and mature wood from Pinus densiflora plantation were analyzed , from which we can conclude that the properties of mature wood at the age of 12 years old such as modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile strength parallel to grain , compressive strength parallel to grain and tangential strength in compression perpendicular to grain are higher than those of juvenile wood .The properties such as radical compressive strength perpendicular to grain , tangential face shearing strength , radial face shearing strength , tangential cleavage strength , radial cleavage strength of juvenile wood are higher than those of mature wood .The difference of MOR, MOE radical compressive strength perpendicular to grain , and tangential face shearing strength of juvenile and mature wood from plantation reaches 0.01 level of significance , and tensile strength parallel to grain reach 0.05 level of significance .[ Ch , 1 fig .6 tab .6 ref
Based on the variation pattern of wood properties obtained from the analysis results of measurement of tracheid length , microfibril angle , ratio of tracheid length to width , basic density and late wood percentage , the boundary of juvenile and mature wood of Pinus densiflora plantation was demarcated by using optimum method of classification , and the differences of mechanical properties of juvenile wood and mature wood from Pinus densiflora plantation were analyzed , from which we can conclude that the properties of mature wood at the age of 12 years old such as modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile strength parallel to grain , compressive strength parallel to grain and tangential strength in compression perpendicular to grain are higher than those of juvenile wood .The properties such as radical compressive strength perpendicular to grain , tangential face shearing strength , radial face shearing strength , tangential cleavage strength , radial cleavage strength of juvenile wood are higher than those of mature wood .The difference of MOR, MOE radical compressive strength perpendicular to grain , and tangential face shearing strength of juvenile and mature wood from plantation reaches 0.01 level of significance , and tensile strength parallel to grain reach 0.05 level of significance .[ Ch , 1 fig .6 tab .6 ref
2006, 23(5): 482-485.
Abstract:
The variational regularity of drying rate , temperature and moisturedistribution with time during wood microwave drying was studied.The objective is to provide the theoretic accordance for microwave drying technology.The results show that the continuous microwave drying process can be divided into three stages :accelerating (speed-up) stage , constant-speed stage and speed-down stage .The constant-speed stage occupied the largest proportion .In the microwave drying process , temperature change process can be divided into coming-up stage ,isothermal stage , and late coming-up stage .The temperature inside of the lumber was even both in coming-up stage and isothermal stage , and in the latter coming-up stage , the wood temperature was increased , and so as the temperature difference .The original moisture content gradient was not raised but was averaged in the whole cross section , and the surface moisture content was increased .[ Ch , 6 fig .10 ref .
The variational regularity of drying rate , temperature and moisturedistribution with time during wood microwave drying was studied.The objective is to provide the theoretic accordance for microwave drying technology.The results show that the continuous microwave drying process can be divided into three stages :accelerating (speed-up) stage , constant-speed stage and speed-down stage .The constant-speed stage occupied the largest proportion .In the microwave drying process , temperature change process can be divided into coming-up stage ,isothermal stage , and late coming-up stage .The temperature inside of the lumber was even both in coming-up stage and isothermal stage , and in the latter coming-up stage , the wood temperature was increased , and so as the temperature difference .The original moisture content gradient was not raised but was averaged in the whole cross section , and the surface moisture content was increased .[ Ch , 6 fig .10 ref .
2006, 23(5): 491-496.
Abstract:
Forest diseases damage forestry resource and environmental safety .Based on a scientific exploration ,this paper analyzes the environmental impact of forest disease .It includes 13 facets in the impact of stand , function of forest ecological environment and human social environment .The count measures are :guiding forest disease management by forest health theory ;performing quarantine system strictly and strengthening dynamic inspect ;actualizing classified management and adopting different strategies in different areaes .(Ch , 2 fig .15 ref .)
Forest diseases damage forestry resource and environmental safety .Based on a scientific exploration ,this paper analyzes the environmental impact of forest disease .It includes 13 facets in the impact of stand , function of forest ecological environment and human social environment .The count measures are :guiding forest disease management by forest health theory ;performing quarantine system strictly and strengthening dynamic inspect ;actualizing classified management and adopting different strategies in different areaes .(Ch , 2 fig .15 ref .)
2006, 23(5): 497-500.
Abstract:
Comparing the soil fertility in mixed forests of Liquidambar formosana and other tree species with pure forest of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) through the method of sample plot investigation , the results showed that the soil structure and water physical properties were improved in the mixed forests of Liquidambar formosana and other species compared with pure Chinese fir forest .Since the litter production and its decomposition rate of broad leaved tree forests were higher than those of Chinese fir forest , the soil nutrient in mixed forests was improved significantly .The organic matters in 0 -20 cm soil layer in the mixed forests of Liquidambar formosana and Cunninghamia lanceolata , Liquidambar formosana and Pinus massoniana , Liquidambar formosana and Liriodendron chinense were increased by 5.19 %, 27.71 % and 17.75 % respectively compared with that of pure Chinese fir forest .[ Ch , 4 tab .9 ref .
Comparing the soil fertility in mixed forests of Liquidambar formosana and other tree species with pure forest of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) through the method of sample plot investigation , the results showed that the soil structure and water physical properties were improved in the mixed forests of Liquidambar formosana and other species compared with pure Chinese fir forest .Since the litter production and its decomposition rate of broad leaved tree forests were higher than those of Chinese fir forest , the soil nutrient in mixed forests was improved significantly .The organic matters in 0 -20 cm soil layer in the mixed forests of Liquidambar formosana and Cunninghamia lanceolata , Liquidambar formosana and Pinus massoniana , Liquidambar formosana and Liriodendron chinense were increased by 5.19 %, 27.71 % and 17.75 % respectively compared with that of pure Chinese fir forest .[ Ch , 4 tab .9 ref .
2006, 23(5): 501-506.
Abstract:
To scientifically manage the short-period industry-use forest of cold-resistant Eucalyptus and eradicate the conflicts among instant growth of Eucalyptus , degraded forestland and freezing injury , fast-growing and highyield forest base of Eucalyptus dunnii was built in Xudun Town of Jianou City in Fujian Province in 2004 to test the humic acid as special organic fertilizer for Eucalyptus .Results showed that frostbite rate and grade , and freezing injury index of Eucalyptus applied with the special fertilizer decreased by 23.9 %-43.5 %, 25.0 %-50.5 %and 32.4 %-49.7 % respectively .Tree height , DBH, crown and timeber volume of forest applied with the fertilizer increased by 6.3 %-26.6 %, 14.7 %-37.2 %, 6.5 %-18.8 % and 42.9 %-136.7 % respectively .Among them , compound fertilizerwith 500 g special humic acid for Eucalyptus and 10 g compoundmicrobial agent as basal fertilizer and 500 g No.2 special humic acid for Eucalyptus dressing as dressing had the best effects on cold resistance and growth stimulation .It was an ideal fertilizer for Eucalyptus dunnii in the north of Fujian .[ Ch , 5 tab .11 ref .]
To scientifically manage the short-period industry-use forest of cold-resistant Eucalyptus and eradicate the conflicts among instant growth of Eucalyptus , degraded forestland and freezing injury , fast-growing and highyield forest base of Eucalyptus dunnii was built in Xudun Town of Jianou City in Fujian Province in 2004 to test the humic acid as special organic fertilizer for Eucalyptus .Results showed that frostbite rate and grade , and freezing injury index of Eucalyptus applied with the special fertilizer decreased by 23.9 %-43.5 %, 25.0 %-50.5 %and 32.4 %-49.7 % respectively .Tree height , DBH, crown and timeber volume of forest applied with the fertilizer increased by 6.3 %-26.6 %, 14.7 %-37.2 %, 6.5 %-18.8 % and 42.9 %-136.7 % respectively .Among them , compound fertilizerwith 500 g special humic acid for Eucalyptus and 10 g compoundmicrobial agent as basal fertilizer and 500 g No.2 special humic acid for Eucalyptus dressing as dressing had the best effects on cold resistance and growth stimulation .It was an ideal fertilizer for Eucalyptus dunnii in the north of Fujian .[ Ch , 5 tab .11 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 507-511.
Abstract:
After putting the preparation of Azotobacter chroococcum Accc 8011 , Bacillus megathrium Accc 1001 and B .mucilaginosus Accc 10013 directly or indirectly (sealing up the preparation in the polypropylene membrane bag)in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer at 25 ℃constant temperature for 30 days , bacteriums survival rate was determined with the standard colony counting method .The result indicated that the survival rate of the bacterium evidently reduced when content of chemical fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer reached 0.066 gg-1 (N +P2O5 +K2O total weight), but the survival rate of the bacterium in the bag evidently reduced when content of chemical fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer reached 0.122 g g-1 .Therefore , these three kinds of fertilizer bacterium preparations couldnt be mixed with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with high content of chemical fertilizer .They should be separately wrapped up and placed .[ Ch , 2 tab .16 ref .]
After putting the preparation of Azotobacter chroococcum Accc 8011 , Bacillus megathrium Accc 1001 and B .mucilaginosus Accc 10013 directly or indirectly (sealing up the preparation in the polypropylene membrane bag)in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer at 25 ℃constant temperature for 30 days , bacteriums survival rate was determined with the standard colony counting method .The result indicated that the survival rate of the bacterium evidently reduced when content of chemical fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer reached 0.066 gg-1 (N +P2O5 +K2O total weight), but the survival rate of the bacterium in the bag evidently reduced when content of chemical fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer reached 0.122 g g-1 .Therefore , these three kinds of fertilizer bacterium preparations couldnt be mixed with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with high content of chemical fertilizer .They should be separately wrapped up and placed .[ Ch , 2 tab .16 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 512-515.
Abstract:
The in vitro plant regeneration system of Liriodendron hybrids planted in 1967 at the yard of Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry was established by using the leaves and petioles as explants .The results showed that callus could be induced from these explants on the media supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators .The adventitious buds could be generated from the calli induced on the media MS +0.5 mgL-1 NAA +2.0 -4.0 mg L-1 6-BA .On the medium MS +0.5 mgL-1 NAA +4.0 mgL-1 6-BA , the adventitious buds could be directly differentiated from the explants without inducing calli .The best medium for rooting was 1/2MS +1.5 mgL-1 NAA .[ Ch , 2 fig .2 tab .13 ref .]
The in vitro plant regeneration system of Liriodendron hybrids planted in 1967 at the yard of Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry was established by using the leaves and petioles as explants .The results showed that callus could be induced from these explants on the media supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators .The adventitious buds could be generated from the calli induced on the media MS +0.5 mgL-1 NAA +2.0 -4.0 mg L-1 6-BA .On the medium MS +0.5 mgL-1 NAA +4.0 mgL-1 6-BA , the adventitious buds could be directly differentiated from the explants without inducing calli .The best medium for rooting was 1/2MS +1.5 mgL-1 NAA .[ Ch , 2 fig .2 tab .13 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 516-520.
Abstract:
Obtaining the stable and repeatable ISSR-PCR amplification result is the basic work to study genetic diversity of Castanopsis eyrei .The ISSR-PCR amplification system was optimized by using orthogonal design in six factors and five levels (Mg2 + , dNTP , primer , Taq DNA polymerase , bovine serum albumin and template DNA).The suitable reaction conditions of ISSR-PCR were shown as follows :1 Taq buffer (10 mmolL-1 Tris-HCl , pH 9.0 , 50 mmolL-1 KCl , 10 gL-1 TritonX-100), 1.7 mmolL-1 Mg 2+ , 0.25 mmolL-1 dNTP , 8.34 nkat Taq DNA polymerase , 1.5 gL-1 bovine serum albumin , 6 pmol primer , 12 ng template DNA in 10 L reaction volume .The optimal annealing temperature for primer UBC 846 was 56.3 ℃.[ Ch , 2 fig .1 tab .23 ref .]
Obtaining the stable and repeatable ISSR-PCR amplification result is the basic work to study genetic diversity of Castanopsis eyrei .The ISSR-PCR amplification system was optimized by using orthogonal design in six factors and five levels (Mg2 + , dNTP , primer , Taq DNA polymerase , bovine serum albumin and template DNA).The suitable reaction conditions of ISSR-PCR were shown as follows :1 Taq buffer (10 mmolL-1 Tris-HCl , pH 9.0 , 50 mmolL-1 KCl , 10 gL-1 TritonX-100), 1.7 mmolL-1 Mg 2+ , 0.25 mmolL-1 dNTP , 8.34 nkat Taq DNA polymerase , 1.5 gL-1 bovine serum albumin , 6 pmol primer , 12 ng template DNA in 10 L reaction volume .The optimal annealing temperature for primer UBC 846 was 56.3 ℃.[ Ch , 2 fig .1 tab .23 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 527-531.
Abstract:
The antioxidant activity of the apple pomace polyphenols (APPs)was evaluated employing various established in vitro model systems , such as reducing power method , scavenging hydroxyl radical method ,scavenging , 1 , 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH)method , peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid from yelk lipoprotein induced by Fe2+ method , and -carotene linoleic acid assay system .APPs showed better reducing power than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-Butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ).APPs showed more scavenging hydroxyl radical activity compared with BHT and TBHQ , the I C50 (inhibitory concentration 50 %) being 522.4 mgL-1 .APPs showed more effective scavenging DPPHactivity than BHT and TBHQ , the IC50was15.8 mgL1 .Furthermore , APPs showed powerful inhibitory effects on peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid from yelk lipoprotein induced by Fe2 + at all the tested concentrations, theIC50 being 126.4 mgL-1 .Besides , APPs also showed very good inhibitory effects on -carotene/linoleic acid assay system at all the tested concentration levels , theIC50being 25.2 mgL-1 [ Ch , 5 fig .11 ref .]
The antioxidant activity of the apple pomace polyphenols (APPs)was evaluated employing various established in vitro model systems , such as reducing power method , scavenging hydroxyl radical method ,scavenging , 1 , 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH)method , peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid from yelk lipoprotein induced by Fe2+ method , and -carotene linoleic acid assay system .APPs showed better reducing power than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-Butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ).APPs showed more scavenging hydroxyl radical activity compared with BHT and TBHQ , the I C50 (inhibitory concentration 50 %) being 522.4 mgL-1 .APPs showed more effective scavenging DPPHactivity than BHT and TBHQ , the IC50was15.8 mgL1 .Furthermore , APPs showed powerful inhibitory effects on peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid from yelk lipoprotein induced by Fe2 + at all the tested concentrations, theIC50 being 126.4 mgL-1 .Besides , APPs also showed very good inhibitory effects on -carotene/linoleic acid assay system at all the tested concentration levels , theIC50being 25.2 mgL-1 [ Ch , 5 fig .11 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 532-537.
Abstract:
In order to find out the physiological mechanism of female flower buds differentiation in Ginkgo biloba , the changes of endongenous hormones , carbohydrate and mineral nutritions during the differentiation of female flower buds were studied with the methods of ELISA and et al .Results showed that the contents of GA 1 +3 and ABA in female flower buds of Ginkgo biloba at the physiological differentiation stage decreased , the contents of ZRs and iPAs , the ratio of ZRs to GA 1+3 , the ratio of ABA to GA 1 +3 and the ratio of iPAs to GA 1 +3 were at peak values .At morphological differentiation stage , the contents of ZRs and iPAs , the ratio of ZRs to GA 1 +3 and the ratio of iPAs to GA 1 +3 were low , but the contents of ABA and the ratio of ABA to GA 1+3 in flower buds were higher than those in leaf buds .The contents of K and total carbohydrate in bud leaves of female flowers were higher than those in bud leaves of female shoots during the whole period ;while the content of total N in bud leaves of female flowers was lower than that of bud leaves of female shoots .The content of P in bud leaves of female flowers was higher than that in bud leaves of female shoots at physiological differentiation stage .Results indicated that the contents of ABA , ZRs , iPAs and K were associated with inducement and differentiation of female flower buds of Ginkgo biloba . [ Ch , 11 fig .16 ref .]
In order to find out the physiological mechanism of female flower buds differentiation in Ginkgo biloba , the changes of endongenous hormones , carbohydrate and mineral nutritions during the differentiation of female flower buds were studied with the methods of ELISA and et al .Results showed that the contents of GA 1 +3 and ABA in female flower buds of Ginkgo biloba at the physiological differentiation stage decreased , the contents of ZRs and iPAs , the ratio of ZRs to GA 1+3 , the ratio of ABA to GA 1 +3 and the ratio of iPAs to GA 1 +3 were at peak values .At morphological differentiation stage , the contents of ZRs and iPAs , the ratio of ZRs to GA 1 +3 and the ratio of iPAs to GA 1 +3 were low , but the contents of ABA and the ratio of ABA to GA 1+3 in flower buds were higher than those in leaf buds .The contents of K and total carbohydrate in bud leaves of female flowers were higher than those in bud leaves of female shoots during the whole period ;while the content of total N in bud leaves of female flowers was lower than that of bud leaves of female shoots .The content of P in bud leaves of female flowers was higher than that in bud leaves of female shoots at physiological differentiation stage .Results indicated that the contents of ABA , ZRs , iPAs and K were associated with inducement and differentiation of female flower buds of Ginkgo biloba . [ Ch , 11 fig .16 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 538-541.
Abstract:
With hydrodistillation and GC-MS , the volatile oil was extracted from Artemisia anomala and 115 chromatographic peaks were seperated .46 identified components accounted for 62.60 % of the total mass of volatiole oil .The most abundant component was borneol , accounting for 7.44 %;caryophyllene oxide and camphor accounted for 7.15 % and 7.01 % respectively .Of the 46 components , monoterpenoid accounted for 28.57 % and sesquitpenoid accounted for 17.40 %.[ Ch , 1 fig .1 tab .11 ref .]
With hydrodistillation and GC-MS , the volatile oil was extracted from Artemisia anomala and 115 chromatographic peaks were seperated .46 identified components accounted for 62.60 % of the total mass of volatiole oil .The most abundant component was borneol , accounting for 7.44 %;caryophyllene oxide and camphor accounted for 7.15 % and 7.01 % respectively .Of the 46 components , monoterpenoid accounted for 28.57 % and sesquitpenoid accounted for 17.40 %.[ Ch , 1 fig .1 tab .11 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 542-548.
Abstract:
Based upon the plant nutrient conservation strategy ecogical similarity of ex-situ conservation , the nutrient status and the soil condition of 21 kinds of ex-situ conservation rare plants of Magnoliaceae and Lauraceae in Wuhan Botanical Garden were studied .The results showed that the sequence of average content of macronutrients in the soil was Ca Mg N K S P .The sequence and the average content of macronutrients indicated that the contents of available nitrogen , phosphor and potassium were low in the soil .And through the analysis of the average contents , background content and the ratio of N P , it was found that the contents of phosphorus , sulphur and nitrogen were low in the plant leaves too .The bioavailability sequence of the 6 elements was N PK S Ca Mg , which could reflect the damand sequence of plant in some way .Based upon the analysis of the nutrient status of plant leaves and soil , it was suggested that more N , P and K should be added inthe soil to assure the success growth of rare plant from seed to seed .[ Ch , 1 fig .6 tab .17 ref .]
Based upon the plant nutrient conservation strategy ecogical similarity of ex-situ conservation , the nutrient status and the soil condition of 21 kinds of ex-situ conservation rare plants of Magnoliaceae and Lauraceae in Wuhan Botanical Garden were studied .The results showed that the sequence of average content of macronutrients in the soil was Ca Mg N K S P .The sequence and the average content of macronutrients indicated that the contents of available nitrogen , phosphor and potassium were low in the soil .And through the analysis of the average contents , background content and the ratio of N P , it was found that the contents of phosphorus , sulphur and nitrogen were low in the plant leaves too .The bioavailability sequence of the 6 elements was N PK S Ca Mg , which could reflect the damand sequence of plant in some way .Based upon the analysis of the nutrient status of plant leaves and soil , it was suggested that more N , P and K should be added inthe soil to assure the success growth of rare plant from seed to seed .[ Ch , 1 fig .6 tab .17 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 549-553.
Abstract:
Aimed to make up for the deficiency in current survey method of ancient and famous trees , this paper discusses the improvement of method by introducing total station , GPS and cross-dating technique to complement the traditional survey method .Based on the comparison and discussion of two survey methods , it was found that the improvedmethod could increase the accuracy of key data such as tree age , height , DBH and crown .With the method , geographic coordinates and multimedia information were collected .[ Ch , 3 fig .18 ref .]
Aimed to make up for the deficiency in current survey method of ancient and famous trees , this paper discusses the improvement of method by introducing total station , GPS and cross-dating technique to complement the traditional survey method .Based on the comparison and discussion of two survey methods , it was found that the improvedmethod could increase the accuracy of key data such as tree age , height , DBH and crown .With the method , geographic coordinates and multimedia information were collected .[ Ch , 3 fig .18 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 554-559.
Abstract:
Based on the grasped materials and the investigation , it is found that there are 967 species of medicina plants belonging to 179 families .It concludes 69 species (29 families)of pteridophyta 12 species (7 families)of gymnosperm, and 886 species (143 families)of angiosperm.Wenling Citys medicinal plants are characterized by richness and endemicity .They are classified into 21 groups by medicine function characteristic and main effect , such as diaphoretic , antipyretic and eliminate and so on .The suggestions of protection and exploration are put foreward .[ Ch , 2 tab .24 ref .]
Based on the grasped materials and the investigation , it is found that there are 967 species of medicina plants belonging to 179 families .It concludes 69 species (29 families)of pteridophyta 12 species (7 families)of gymnosperm, and 886 species (143 families)of angiosperm.Wenling Citys medicinal plants are characterized by richness and endemicity .They are classified into 21 groups by medicine function characteristic and main effect , such as diaphoretic , antipyretic and eliminate and so on .The suggestions of protection and exploration are put foreward .[ Ch , 2 tab .24 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 560-564.
Abstract:
The 428 specimens of Rana chaochiaoensis collected from May 1998 to October 2003 were anatomized (♀202 , ♂184 , subadults 42)for diet analysis ;151 adult frogs whose body lengths were larger than 40 mm were measured (♂81 , ♀70)for sexual dimorphism study .The diet analysis showed that R .chaochiaoensis gave priority to animality food and there was no significant discrepancy in cliet between male and female frogs .The food habits didnt lead to their sexual dimorphism polarization .The results of t-test indicated that there was significant discrepancy in width and length of forearm between male and female adult R .chaochiaoensis .The results of univariate analysis of variance showed that there was significant discrepancy in head width , snout length , tympanum diameter , eye diameter , forearm length , forearm width , hand length , length of hindlimb , tibia length and foot length between male and female adult frogs .Sexual dimorphism was primarily determined by the ultimate sexual selection .There was no significant difference in body size between male and female R .chaochiaoensis .Forearm in adult male R .chaochiaoensis was stronger than females .The first finger base in adult male frog had nuptial pad with fine and dense cutin tubercles , which could increase embrace friction , strengthen embrace ability and avoid female frog escaping .Male R .chaochiaoensis had no vocal sac .However , its longer hindlimb andmore developed web than females were helpful to improve its capacity of chasing female , which could successfully increase mating rate .Developed hindlimb of female could enhance its ability to jump , which was useful for female keeping away rapidly from disturbance and threat .[ Ch , 2 tab .29 ref .]
The 428 specimens of Rana chaochiaoensis collected from May 1998 to October 2003 were anatomized (♀202 , ♂184 , subadults 42)for diet analysis ;151 adult frogs whose body lengths were larger than 40 mm were measured (♂81 , ♀70)for sexual dimorphism study .The diet analysis showed that R .chaochiaoensis gave priority to animality food and there was no significant discrepancy in cliet between male and female frogs .The food habits didnt lead to their sexual dimorphism polarization .The results of t-test indicated that there was significant discrepancy in width and length of forearm between male and female adult R .chaochiaoensis .The results of univariate analysis of variance showed that there was significant discrepancy in head width , snout length , tympanum diameter , eye diameter , forearm length , forearm width , hand length , length of hindlimb , tibia length and foot length between male and female adult frogs .Sexual dimorphism was primarily determined by the ultimate sexual selection .There was no significant difference in body size between male and female R .chaochiaoensis .Forearm in adult male R .chaochiaoensis was stronger than females .The first finger base in adult male frog had nuptial pad with fine and dense cutin tubercles , which could increase embrace friction , strengthen embrace ability and avoid female frog escaping .Male R .chaochiaoensis had no vocal sac .However , its longer hindlimb andmore developed web than females were helpful to improve its capacity of chasing female , which could successfully increase mating rate .Developed hindlimb of female could enhance its ability to jump , which was useful for female keeping away rapidly from disturbance and threat .[ Ch , 2 tab .29 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 565-569.
Abstract:
Through systematic surveys in 14 selected sampling Phyllostachys pubescens forests in Sanming , Fujian from 2001 to 2002 , the canonical correlativity between stand factors and arthropod community was analyzed .The results indicated that the correlation between the diameter of new bamboo and evenness of the arthropods in the canopy was positive and significant , so was the correlation between the diameter of old bamboo and individuals of the arthropods in underlayer .Moreover , the forest stand factor of high gradient benefited the development of the phytophagous mites population , and high gradient and covering degree off undergrowths benefited the development of Kuwanaspis vermiformis population , and high gradient , height of old bamboo and Iow altitude benefited the development of Pantana phyllostachysae population .Based on the study results , the measures of regulating stand factors were put forward to control the pest on the bamboo leaves .[ Ch , 8 tab .12 ref .]
Through systematic surveys in 14 selected sampling Phyllostachys pubescens forests in Sanming , Fujian from 2001 to 2002 , the canonical correlativity between stand factors and arthropod community was analyzed .The results indicated that the correlation between the diameter of new bamboo and evenness of the arthropods in the canopy was positive and significant , so was the correlation between the diameter of old bamboo and individuals of the arthropods in underlayer .Moreover , the forest stand factor of high gradient benefited the development of the phytophagous mites population , and high gradient and covering degree off undergrowths benefited the development of Kuwanaspis vermiformis population , and high gradient , height of old bamboo and Iow altitude benefited the development of Pantana phyllostachysae population .Based on the study results , the measures of regulating stand factors were put forward to control the pest on the bamboo leaves .[ Ch , 8 tab .12 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 570-574.
Abstract:
Investigations and analyses have been made by using a complicated systematic theory and an optimized network of status quo of utilized humanistic and natural elements of the tourist resources and potential tourist resources in Lin，an , Zhejiang , based on which a complete set of models for systematic analyses of tourist behavior , comprehensive evaluation of tourist resources , prediction of economic return , planning of scenic spots , etc .has been established and applied to practical optimal development of tourist resources of Lin,an City .It has been tried to suggest the orientation of tourist industry in Lin,an , viz .developing ecotourism that is focused on sightseeing , a life of leisure and health , recreation and holiday making in combination with cultures of the Wu and Yue States , religious cultures , scientific investigations , business and exploratory tourism, taking Lin,an as a backyard of Shanghai and Hangzhou , and constructing Linan into an influential summer resort and a recreation center in the Yangtze delta and an ideal holiday-making resort for people living in the city .[ Ch , 1 fig .8 ref .]
Investigations and analyses have been made by using a complicated systematic theory and an optimized network of status quo of utilized humanistic and natural elements of the tourist resources and potential tourist resources in Lin，an , Zhejiang , based on which a complete set of models for systematic analyses of tourist behavior , comprehensive evaluation of tourist resources , prediction of economic return , planning of scenic spots , etc .has been established and applied to practical optimal development of tourist resources of Lin,an City .It has been tried to suggest the orientation of tourist industry in Lin,an , viz .developing ecotourism that is focused on sightseeing , a life of leisure and health , recreation and holiday making in combination with cultures of the Wu and Yue States , religious cultures , scientific investigations , business and exploratory tourism, taking Lin,an as a backyard of Shanghai and Hangzhou , and constructing Linan into an influential summer resort and a recreation center in the Yangtze delta and an ideal holiday-making resort for people living in the city .[ Ch , 1 fig .8 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 486-490.
Abstract:
Bamboo strips were prepared and treated by O2 plasma to study the effect of O2 plasma treatment on bamboo surface performance .Wetting angle was tested to evaluate the wettability of bamboo surface before and after treatment .The results showed that the wetting angle reduced considerably after O2 plasma treatment , especially for bamboo timbers with green coat and yellow endothecium , the wetting angle dropping dramatically from 76.5to 36.0and bonding strength of the flooring increasing by 33 %.Furthermore , the coefficient variances (CV)of bonding strength between the testing bamboo floorings reduced from 39.0 % to 9.8 % after O2 plasma treatment.Bonding strength of bamboo flooring without green coat and yellow endothecium didnt improve a lot but CV decreased dramatically .Therefore , O2 treatment improved not only the performance of bamboo surface but also the quality stability of bamboo flooring .[ Ch , 3 fig .4 tab .11 ref .
Bamboo strips were prepared and treated by O2 plasma to study the effect of O2 plasma treatment on bamboo surface performance .Wetting angle was tested to evaluate the wettability of bamboo surface before and after treatment .The results showed that the wetting angle reduced considerably after O2 plasma treatment , especially for bamboo timbers with green coat and yellow endothecium , the wetting angle dropping dramatically from 76.5to 36.0and bonding strength of the flooring increasing by 33 %.Furthermore , the coefficient variances (CV)of bonding strength between the testing bamboo floorings reduced from 39.0 % to 9.8 % after O2 plasma treatment.Bonding strength of bamboo flooring without green coat and yellow endothecium didnt improve a lot but CV decreased dramatically .Therefore , O2 treatment improved not only the performance of bamboo surface but also the quality stability of bamboo flooring .[ Ch , 3 fig .4 tab .11 ref .
2006, 23(5): 521-526.
Abstract:
以不同pH 值的溶液模拟酸雨对6 种南方城市常用的绿化植物进行处理, 来研究酸雨对植物叶面积、单叶质量、根冠比等形态学效应的影响。结果表明, 6 个树种的3 个形态学指标都受到一定的影响。①pH 为5.0 , 4.0 和3.0 的模拟酸雨降低了广玉兰Magnoliagrandiflora , 樟树Cinnamomum camphora , 桂花Osmanthusfragrans 的叶面积。②pH 为5.0 , 4.0和3.0 的模拟酸雨降低了广玉兰、樟树、桂花的单叶质量, 使杜鹃Rhododendron simsii 叶片的单叶质量增加。③模拟酸雨促进樟树、红花木Loropetatum chinense var .rubrum 地下部分的生长, 使二者的根冠比增大;与此相反, 皋月杜鹃Rhododendron indicum 的根冠比在模拟酸雨的作用下减小。④从植物形态学角度上看, 广玉兰和桂花2 个树种不适于在自然降水pH 4 的环境中生存, 皋月杜鹃不适于在自然降水pH3 的区域生存。图1 表2 参13 关键词:生态学;模拟酸雨;植物;形态学效应
2006, 23(5): 575-580.
Abstract:
Beauveria bassiana , is entomopathogenic fungi which applied the most widely presently in China .But the effect is slow and unsteady when it is used for protecting plant from insects in large scope .There are some difficulties in industrialization , standardization and formulation .So , the authors describe the current research situation of Beauveria bassiana about its pesticidal mechanism on three sides :ten phases of infecting course ; function of protease , chitinase , lipase , amylase , etc ;toxins , such as TF1 , TF2 , beauvericin , oosporin , tenellin related to pesticidal effect .The matters of strains degenerate easily and preparations lack of stabilization during storage are summed up .On the basis of these , the authors bring forward the prospects of how to improve pesticidal effects of Beauveria bassiana from enzyme , toxin , strain , production technology and formulation .There are some main measures:obtaining fine strains with active enzyme ;cloning genes of toxins with molecular biological technology , then breeding by genetic transformation ;further research on mechanism of strains degeneration on virulence;improvement and control on reactor of fermentation ;advancing stabilization during storage of preparation , and so on .[ Ch , 53 ref .]
Beauveria bassiana , is entomopathogenic fungi which applied the most widely presently in China .But the effect is slow and unsteady when it is used for protecting plant from insects in large scope .There are some difficulties in industrialization , standardization and formulation .So , the authors describe the current research situation of Beauveria bassiana about its pesticidal mechanism on three sides :ten phases of infecting course ; function of protease , chitinase , lipase , amylase , etc ;toxins , such as TF1 , TF2 , beauvericin , oosporin , tenellin related to pesticidal effect .The matters of strains degenerate easily and preparations lack of stabilization during storage are summed up .On the basis of these , the authors bring forward the prospects of how to improve pesticidal effects of Beauveria bassiana from enzyme , toxin , strain , production technology and formulation .There are some main measures:obtaining fine strains with active enzyme ;cloning genes of toxins with molecular biological technology , then breeding by genetic transformation ;further research on mechanism of strains degeneration on virulence;improvement and control on reactor of fermentation ;advancing stabilization during storage of preparation , and so on .[ Ch , 53 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 581-587.
Abstract:
By using the method of industry statistics , documentary investigation and vist on-the-spot , the author makes the study on the situation of the 1isure agriculture in Zhejiang Province and countermeasure for its development.The result showed that the growth of the lisure griculture in Zhejiang Province was based on such factors as the development of economy , the improvement of environment , the demand of market and so on .There comes into being many types of the lisure agriculture , such as recreational farm, agriculture zones , agricultural industry , agri-commercial circulation , agri-park , tourist commities base , tourist attraction and experience in farmers house in the course of development .As a result , there have been lots of features such as the great help to pull the industry , the multi-source of investment , the conformity of different agricultural element and producing style , the effect for farmer to obtain more employment and income .It also brings about new opportunities for the development of tourism .But there still occurs some problems in the course of the industry development .There is no efficient and standard administration department and proper measures .Neither any scientific methodology nor professionals in view of business operation , and therefore the business consumption level is still very low .Finally , the study on basic theory and application techniques is still rare .For those problems , some practical measures must be taken to keep the healthy development of leisure agriculture .[ Ch , 10 ref .]
By using the method of industry statistics , documentary investigation and vist on-the-spot , the author makes the study on the situation of the 1isure agriculture in Zhejiang Province and countermeasure for its development.The result showed that the growth of the lisure griculture in Zhejiang Province was based on such factors as the development of economy , the improvement of environment , the demand of market and so on .There comes into being many types of the lisure agriculture , such as recreational farm, agriculture zones , agricultural industry , agri-commercial circulation , agri-park , tourist commities base , tourist attraction and experience in farmers house in the course of development .As a result , there have been lots of features such as the great help to pull the industry , the multi-source of investment , the conformity of different agricultural element and producing style , the effect for farmer to obtain more employment and income .It also brings about new opportunities for the development of tourism .But there still occurs some problems in the course of the industry development .There is no efficient and standard administration department and proper measures .Neither any scientific methodology nor professionals in view of business operation , and therefore the business consumption level is still very low .Finally , the study on basic theory and application techniques is still rare .For those problems , some practical measures must be taken to keep the healthy development of leisure agriculture .[ Ch , 10 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 588-591.
Abstract:
Seen from the images of courtyard plants on Han Dynastys brick and stone carvings , disposition of courtyard plants in Han Dynasty was very unique .There was not only regular disposition of gardening plants similar to the western style but also rich species of courtyard plants .All those plants and the architecture brought out the best in each other .And the most valuable thing was that the disposition of courtyard plants in Han Dynasty was natural , ecological and artistic , which was close to the traditional disposition of Chinese gardening plants .[ Ch , 6 fig .10 ref .]
Seen from the images of courtyard plants on Han Dynastys brick and stone carvings , disposition of courtyard plants in Han Dynasty was very unique .There was not only regular disposition of gardening plants similar to the western style but also rich species of courtyard plants .All those plants and the architecture brought out the best in each other .And the most valuable thing was that the disposition of courtyard plants in Han Dynasty was natural , ecological and artistic , which was close to the traditional disposition of Chinese gardening plants .[ Ch , 6 fig .10 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 592-594.
Abstract:
Three new geographical distribution plants in Zhejiang Province discovered in Wenling are reported , Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour .)Baill ., Borreria latifolia (Aubl .)K .Schum., Artemisia eriopoda Bunge . Borreria latifolia is probablely brought in when introduced , which becomes a new alien plant in Zhejiang ; Rauvolfia verticillata may be escaping and its source is not clear .[ Ch , 9 ref .]
Three new geographical distribution plants in Zhejiang Province discovered in Wenling are reported , Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour .)Baill ., Borreria latifolia (Aubl .)K .Schum., Artemisia eriopoda Bunge . Borreria latifolia is probablely brought in when introduced , which becomes a new alien plant in Zhejiang ; Rauvolfia verticillata may be escaping and its source is not clear .[ Ch , 9 ref .]
2006, 23(5): 595-598.
Abstract:
The objective is to provide bases for breeding Tripterygium cultivars with high quality and yield . Byinvestigating resources in 27 counties of China , establishing genetic resource nursery , and observing and recording regularly the growth features of the maternal plants and their clines offsprings, the ecological adaptability of Tripterygium plants were studied .The results show that there are differences of sprouting , growth potential and forestations survival rates in different germplasms .T .wilfordii is better adapt to the environment of Lishui .than T .hypoglaucum and T .regelii .This species should be the first selection to culture for medicine in Lishui and other similar areas .The distribution areas of T .wifordii is the main region for highbred selection .[ Ch , 4 tab .5 ref .]
The objective is to provide bases for breeding Tripterygium cultivars with high quality and yield . Byinvestigating resources in 27 counties of China , establishing genetic resource nursery , and observing and recording regularly the growth features of the maternal plants and their clines offsprings, the ecological adaptability of Tripterygium plants were studied .The results show that there are differences of sprouting , growth potential and forestations survival rates in different germplasms .T .wilfordii is better adapt to the environment of Lishui .than T .hypoglaucum and T .regelii .This species should be the first selection to culture for medicine in Lishui and other similar areas .The distribution areas of T .wifordii is the main region for highbred selection .[ Ch , 4 tab .5 ref .]
