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1964年Shinozaki等[1-2]在研究各种植物群落的生产结构图时,首次发现在某一高度之上的累计叶量与该高度的非同化组织密度之间具有明显的线性关系,从而提出单位管道模型(unit pipe model)。该模型把树木以及整个群落视为一个均一的单位管道的集合,管道将叶子和根连接起来,管道既起到机械支撑的作用,又有输导水分的作用,认为树干内单位管道支持着单位数量的叶片。管道模型假说提出至今,在解释树木形态[3-4]、资源分配[5]、森林生产力评估[6]以及通过木质部横截面积预测茎段末端叶面积和干物质量[7-9]等方面发挥了重要的作用。这些研究都说明了这个假说的合理性。然而,通过管道理论研究单株林木的水分运输效率及其调控机制的研究鲜有报道。水力结构理论形成于20世纪70年代[10],它是指植物在特定的环境条件下,为适应生存竞争的需要所形成的不同的形态结构和水分运输供给策略。通常用导水率(Kh),比导率(Ks),叶比导率(Kl)和胡伯尔值(Hv)等参数来描述。本研究拟通过对刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia 不同生长时期水力结构参数的测定探讨管道理论及其适用性。
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