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冠层高度是森林资源调查的重要指标,也是重要的测树因子之一,与树木长势、生长量、林分蓄积量计算等密切相关[1-2]。快速、准确估测树高对于森林资源监测,森林生物量计算具有重要意义。当前,对于树高的测定有传统地面测量和遥感数据估测2类,传统的地面测量调查依据测高仪对活立木进行树高测定,是森林资源调查中树高测量最常用的方法[3],但工作效率低,且受到人为因素、仪器质量等影响,测量精度有一定的误差[4]。现阶段出现的森林树高遥感测定技术,如干涉合成孔径雷达估算技术、机载小光斑激光雷达数据结合光数码影像技术以及利用激光雷达数据点云数据提取树高[5-7]等,能够克服外界环境因素对树高估测的影响,但存在成本相对高,在大比例尺下测定地物仍有较大误差的缺陷。随着民用无人机的兴起,无人机遥感技术也得到了发展。无人机遥感影像具有分辨率高、重叠度大、信息量大等特点,并且小型民用无人机使用成本低、操作便捷、采集周期灵活等特点在很大程度上弥补了现有遥感估测树高的不足[8-13]。基于无人机平台搭载不同传感器,能够获取多光谱、高光谱、激光点云等多种类型的高精度数据,为遥感技术在森林资源调查和动态监测中的应用提供了新的发展思路[14-17],也将推动小型无人机在林业方面的普及应用[18]。杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata是中国重要的速生树种和用材树种,在森林资源中占有重要的地位[19-20]。快速、可靠地获取杉木的树高对于森林生物量的计算具有重要意义。为此,本研究选择福建省闽清县白云山国有林场的杉木林为对象,利用无人机多光谱影像数据,开展杉木人工林冠层高度遥感估测,以期为无人机在森林资源的调查应用提供理论借鉴和参考。
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