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桂花Osmanthus fragrans为木犀科Oleaceae园林观赏植物,是中国十大传统名花之一,自古享有“独占三秋压众芳”的美誉。其树姿优美,在园林中常用作行道树、孤植树;因香气浓郁,被列为中国重要的天然保健植物和特产经济香花植物,广泛用于食品添加剂及护肤品等产业。关于桂花茶、桂花(米)酒、桂花糕等鲜花采收加工产业已成熟,近年来新兴的桂花香水、乳液、香熏和精油等高档化妆品也逐渐打开市场[1−3]。然而,由于桂花花期较短,最佳观赏期和采收期仅2~3 d,极大地限制了其观赏价值与经济价值[4−5]。在目前记载的160多个桂花品种中,大部分由于雌蕊败育不结实,表现为开花后期脱落型;另一类为结实型桂花品种,开花后期花瓣表现为萎蔫,在树体不脱落[6]。前期研究发现:在不结实桂花品种‘柳叶金桂’O. fragrans ‘Liuye Jingui’的衰老过程中,当脱落期花瓣出现明显可见的衰老特征时,花瓣中DNA断裂迅速增加,衰老后期花瓣中出现染色质凝结等典型的细胞程序性死亡(PCD)现象[4, 7]。然而,对于结实型桂花衰老过程中的PCD特征还不清楚。因此,本研究以结实型桂花品种‘潢川金桂’O. fragrans ‘Huangchuan Jingui’为试材,探索结实型桂花花瓣衰老过程中PCD特征,为桂花花瓣衰老机制提供理论支撑。
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