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红花石蒜 Lycoris radiata是石蒜科Amaryllidaceae石蒜属 Lycoris的多年生球根花卉,分布于亚热带地区,喜温暖湿润气候,耐旱,不喜强光[1]。一般在10月出叶,翌年5月叶片枯萎凋落,地上部进入休眠期,至翌年9月上旬无叶期开花[2]。其花形奇特、花色红艳,极具观赏价值。鳞茎富含多种生物碱和淀粉,药用和工业价值较高[3]。因鳞茎生长缓慢、种球自然繁殖率低[4],石蒜的产业化开发受限。
碳水化合物在植物器官发育及种子萌发过程中起重要作用[2]。糖和淀粉是维持鳞茎碳水化合物平衡的主要物质[5],在植物休眠期间还充当信号物质[6],也是鳞茎打破休眠开始萌发的能量与物质基础[7]。其中,非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)是重要的能源物质,对鳞茎的“源—库”平衡至关重要,其动态变化反映了植物体内的碳收支情况以及对外界环境的适应[8]。稳定同位素标记法是研究光合碳固定、分配及转移的重要工具,具有安全、稳定、易操作等优点,在生物及化学研究中被广泛应用。目前,已在小麦Triticum asetivum [9]、玉米Zea mays [10]、水稻Oryza sativa [11]等农作物及山毛榉Fagus longipetiolata[12]、马尾松Pinus massoniana[13]和冷杉 Picea abies [14−15]等树木中采用同位素标记法开展同化物的分配研究,且大多采用脉冲标记法。通过测定非结构性碳水化合物中单一化合物的同位素比率(δ13C),有助于理解光合作用后续代谢及生理生化过程中的碳同位素分馏效应[16]。
目前,有关石蒜体内非结构性碳水化合物的研究多集中在石蒜不同生长发育阶段[7, 17−18]、不同器官或部位内的非结构性碳水化合物含量变化[19]等方面,较少涉及非结构性碳水化合物的合成、转运及代谢过程。为此,本研究以红花石蒜为研究材料,采用13C同位素脉冲标记法追踪光合碳在不同器官和非结构性碳水化合物各组分中的分配与累积量,旨在探析石蒜体内光合碳的运输和分配规律,为进一步阐明石蒜体内糖类物质的积累、转化及代谢过程,揭示库—源转化的生理机制提供依据。
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