Volume 41 Issue 5
Sep.  2024
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XIA Jihui, YE Peixia, YANG Hai, ZHANG Shengquan, JIN Shanshan, ZHOU Mengli, YAN Dongfeng. Leaf functional traits and their coupling relationships of woody plants with different life forms in the northern Dabie Mountains[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2024, 41(5): 970-977. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240161
Citation: XIA Jihui, YE Peixia, YANG Hai, ZHANG Shengquan, JIN Shanshan, ZHOU Mengli, YAN Dongfeng. Leaf functional traits and their coupling relationships of woody plants with different life forms in the northern Dabie Mountains[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2024, 41(5): 970-977. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240161

Leaf functional traits and their coupling relationships of woody plants with different life forms in the northern Dabie Mountains

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240161
  • Received Date: 2024-02-04
  • Accepted Date: 2024-06-06
  • Rev Recd Date: 2024-06-02
  • Available Online: 2024-09-25
  • Publish Date: 2024-09-25
  •   Objective  This study aim to explore the variation of leaf functional traits among different life forms of woody plants on the northern edge of the Dabie Mountains, investigate the coupling relationship between indicators of leaf functional traits, and provide a basis for deciphering the response mechanisms of plants to climate change.   Method  Leaf functional traits of 30 common woody plants with different life forms (evergreen, deciduous, arbor, shrub) in Liankangshan National Nature Reserve on the northern edge of the Dabie Mountains were collected, and eight leaf functional traits including chlorophyll content, dry/fresh ratio, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, nitrogen/phosphorus ratio, leaf area, and specific leaf area were determined. The leaf functional traits and their correlations of different life forms of woody plants were analyzed.   Result  There were certain differences in leaf functional traits among different life forms of woody plants, among which the average chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, leaf area, and specific leaf area of evergreen and deciduous trees showed significant differences (P<0.05). The average leaf area, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, dry/fresh ratio, and nitrogen/phosphorus ratio of arbor and shrub showed significant differences (P< 0.05). There were certain correlations between some leaf functional traits, such as positive correlation between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content and potassium content (P< 0.05), significant positive correlation between leaf nitrogen content and phosphorus content (P<0.05), positive correlation between leaf area and leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content (P<0.05), and positive correlation between specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content (P< 0.05). The principal component analysis results showed that the leaf phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium contents were important indicators of leaf functional traits, and the 30 woody plants could be classified into four functional groups based on the first and second principal components, with the contribution rates of 55.2% and 12.8% to the variation of plant leaf functional traits respectively.   Conclusion  There exists a certain pattern of variation in leaf functional trait indicators among different life forms of woody plants. Among them, leaf phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium mass fractions are indicative indicators, and they are significantly positively correlated with leaf area. [Ch, 4 fig. 1 tab. 28 ref.]
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    [3] ZHANG Long, YAN Jing, SHAO Xuexin.  Vegetation composition and distribution pattern of Wangdongyang Subalpine Wetland in Jingning County, Zhejiang Province . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2019, 36(3): 501-506. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.03.010
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    [5] XIN Jianpan, SUN Xinxin, TIAN Runan.  Floristic diversity and fundamental characteristics of seed plants on Mount Jiangjun, Nanjing . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2017, 34(4): 629-636. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.04.008
    [6] CHEN Xiaorong, CHEN Yuanyuan, LUO Zhengrong, DING Bingyang.  A 5-year mid-mountain subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest study in Baishanzu,east China . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2013, 30(6): 821-829. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2013.06.004
    [7] WEI Zongxian, SONG Manzhen, NIU Yanli, JIANG Bo, HUANG Qiang.  Flora and life-form of wild vine resources in the Lushan Mountain . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2013, 30(4): 505-510. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2013.04.007
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    [10] YAN Shuang-xi, ZHANG Zhi-xiang.  Flora of the national key preserved wild plants in Henan Province . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2010, 27(5): 725-733. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.05.014
    [11] LI Shi-you, LUO Wen-biao, SHU Qing-tai, MA Chang-le, MA Ai-li, ZHANG Qiao-rong.  Combustibility of 25 woody plants for selection of fire-resistant tree species in Kunming area . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2009, 26(3): 351-357.
    [12] WANG Xian-rong,  XIE Chun-ping,  HE Zhi-bin.  Physiognomy of Cerasus subhirtella var. ascendens community in Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2007, 24(6): 702-705.
    [13] AI Jian-guo,  YU Lin,  ZHANG Li-ying,  QIAN Liu-qin,  ZHANG Teng-chao.  Plant community properties in a Hemsleya zhejiangensis habitat in Wuyanling Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2007, 24(6): 706-710.
    [14] LI Dong-lin, LI Rong-jin, WANG Bao-song, WANG Xi-hua.  Analysis of vegetation types and woody plants flora in Yushan of Changshu . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2006, 23(1): 46-51.
    [15] Zhang Ruohui, Liu Hong'e, Cai Jianguo, Shen Xikang.  Promotion of Cutting Propagation for Woody Plants by Application of New Green Plant Growth Regulators: ABT ( 11~ 15) . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 1998, 15(1): 22-26.
    [16] Zhu Yongqiang, Luo Donglin, Zheng Guoliang, Ye Jiecheng.  Wild woody Chinese medicinal herbs in Wuyi County . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 1998, 15(4): 440-444.
    [17] Wang Jinrong, Zhu Yongqiang.  Study on woody plant flora of Wuyi County . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 1998, 15(4): 406-410.
    [18] Zhu Yongqiang, Luo Donglin, Ye Jiecheng, Zheng Guoliang.  An investigation report of woody plant resouces in Wuyi County . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 1998, 15(4): 378-395.
    [19] Luo Donglin, Zhu Yongqiang, Li Kezhui, Zheng Guoliang, Ye Jiecheng.  Utilization and protection of wild woody plant resources in Wuyi County . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 1998, 15(4): 396-405.
    [20] Hu Shaoqing.  The Woody Plant Flora in Quxian County of Zhejiang Province. . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 1995, 12(1): 46-51.
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Leaf functional traits and their coupling relationships of woody plants with different life forms in the northern Dabie Mountains

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240161

Abstract:   Objective  This study aim to explore the variation of leaf functional traits among different life forms of woody plants on the northern edge of the Dabie Mountains, investigate the coupling relationship between indicators of leaf functional traits, and provide a basis for deciphering the response mechanisms of plants to climate change.   Method  Leaf functional traits of 30 common woody plants with different life forms (evergreen, deciduous, arbor, shrub) in Liankangshan National Nature Reserve on the northern edge of the Dabie Mountains were collected, and eight leaf functional traits including chlorophyll content, dry/fresh ratio, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, nitrogen/phosphorus ratio, leaf area, and specific leaf area were determined. The leaf functional traits and their correlations of different life forms of woody plants were analyzed.   Result  There were certain differences in leaf functional traits among different life forms of woody plants, among which the average chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, leaf area, and specific leaf area of evergreen and deciduous trees showed significant differences (P<0.05). The average leaf area, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, dry/fresh ratio, and nitrogen/phosphorus ratio of arbor and shrub showed significant differences (P< 0.05). There were certain correlations between some leaf functional traits, such as positive correlation between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content and potassium content (P< 0.05), significant positive correlation between leaf nitrogen content and phosphorus content (P<0.05), positive correlation between leaf area and leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content (P<0.05), and positive correlation between specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content (P< 0.05). The principal component analysis results showed that the leaf phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium contents were important indicators of leaf functional traits, and the 30 woody plants could be classified into four functional groups based on the first and second principal components, with the contribution rates of 55.2% and 12.8% to the variation of plant leaf functional traits respectively.   Conclusion  There exists a certain pattern of variation in leaf functional trait indicators among different life forms of woody plants. Among them, leaf phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium mass fractions are indicative indicators, and they are significantly positively correlated with leaf area. [Ch, 4 fig. 1 tab. 28 ref.]

XIA Jihui, YE Peixia, YANG Hai, ZHANG Shengquan, JIN Shanshan, ZHOU Mengli, YAN Dongfeng. Leaf functional traits and their coupling relationships of woody plants with different life forms in the northern Dabie Mountains[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2024, 41(5): 970-977. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240161
Citation: XIA Jihui, YE Peixia, YANG Hai, ZHANG Shengquan, JIN Shanshan, ZHOU Mengli, YAN Dongfeng. Leaf functional traits and their coupling relationships of woody plants with different life forms in the northern Dabie Mountains[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2024, 41(5): 970-977. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240161
  • 研究植物与其环境之间的相互关系是目前林业研究的热点问题之一[1]。植物在个体水平上表现出的生理、形态或物候等方面的属性,被称为植物功能性状[2]。植物的功能性状是植物不断适应环境条件的变化而演化的结果,可以直观地反映植物对环境变化的适应能力[3]。植物叶性状与植物个体、群落、生态系统功能的基本行为和功能具有密切相关性, 可反映植物适应环境变化所形成的生存对策[4]。植物叶功能性状指标中的叶面积与氮、磷、钾元素质量分数是植物功能性状的重要表征指标[5],氮磷比可以指示植物的氮、磷限制[6],而比叶面积和干鲜比能够综合反映植物利用资源的能力[78]

    生活型是植物在长期适应环境中,所表现出的外部形态、结构、性状的分类类型。不同生活型的植物对光合作用的需求和利用效率存在差异,这一差异与物种自身的生物学特性及生态适应能力有关[9]。如落叶和常绿植物中,落叶物种具有喜光不耐阴的特性,而常绿物种具有较高的耐阴性,因此落叶物种更容易受到光资源的限制[10]。相关研究表明,落叶树种的叶面积、比叶面积大于常绿树种,但叶干物质质量小于常绿树种[11]。与灌木相比,乔木对环境中氮、磷、钾等养分的吸收和储存能力更强[12]。乔木和灌木之间的叶氮质量分数和比叶面积存在显著差异。通常情况下,乔木的叶氮质量分数、比叶面积均高于灌木[13],但也有研究发现,灌木的比叶面积大于乔木[14]。影响植物功能性状的因素还包括环境因素(气候、纬度、海拔、水热条件等)和自身因素(生长情况、健康程度、寿命等)[15]。上述研究有助于理解不同生活型植物适应其所处的生态环境的规律,以及所处森林生态系统的健康状况和对环境变化的响应。然而,随着气候变化的加剧,特殊生存环境内不同生活型树种的叶功能性状特征及其差异规律尚不清楚,因此,研究气候过渡区不同生活型树种叶功能性状及其耦合关系尤为重要。

    河南省连康山国家级自然保护区位于大别山北麓,属于中国北亚热带北缘过渡区。该保护区的主要保护对象为北亚热带森林生态系统以及亚热带北部边缘常绿阔叶植被类型。大别山北缘森林群落呈现复杂的结构和丰富的物种多样性,其林冠郁闭度较高。因此,研究该生态系统中叶功能性状之间的关系具有重要意义。本研究旨在通过对连康山国家级自然保护区森林群落木本植物叶功能性状的测定,分析其功能性状之间的关系,揭示大别山北缘森林植物叶功能性状的变化规律,以更好地解释植物对所处环境的响应机制,并为连康山国家自然保护区森林的保护和管理提供科学依据。

    • 研究区位于连康山国家级自然保护区新县林场,处于河南省南部的新县境内,豫、鄂两省交界处的大别山腹地(31°33′~31°43′N, 114°43′~114°52′E)。研究区地处北亚热带,是北亚热带向暖温带过渡的季风气候湿润区。年均气温为15.1 ℃,极端最低温为−17.3 ℃,极端最高温为42.5 ℃;日照时数为1 900.8 h,≥10 ℃的活动积温为4 769.5 ℃,年均太阳总辐射为4 720.0 MJ·m−2,无霜期为227.0 d;年均降水量为1 248.0 mm,相对湿度为76%。境内山峦起伏,沟壑纵横,地貌奇特,相对高差为100~700 m。复杂的地貌特征和特殊的气候条件,构成了各种不同的生态小环境,孕育了丰富的生物资源。研究区内森林植被为北亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶林类型,属北亚热带向暖温带过渡带的森林生态系统,乔木植物主要有青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca、枫香Liquidambar formosana、马尾松Pinus massoniana、白檀Symplocos paniculata和野漆Toxicodendron succedaneum等,林下灌木植物主要有檵木Loropetalum chinense、柃木Eurya japonica、毛樱桃Cerasus tomentosa等。

    • 样地设置于连康山国家级自然保护区常绿次生林分布区,位于连康河两岸,其中河岸北侧的群落主要分布在阳坡,河岸南侧的群落主要分布在阴坡。利用全站仪(南方测绘)在河岸南侧连续建立34个监测样地,在河岸北侧连续建立16个监测样地。利用全站仪,采用等角测量的方式构建50个20 m×20 m样地,通过网格法将样地划分为4个10 m×10 m的样方和16个5 m×5 m的小样方,对每个10 m×10 m小样方中胸径≥1 cm且树高≥1.3 m的木本植物进行记录调查,记录植物名称、胸径、树高,相对坐标(X, Y)以及样地中心点全球定位系统(GPS)坐标。

    • 样地内共30种木本植物(表1)。对样地内所有木本植物进行样品采集和处理,同时分为常绿树种(9种)和落叶树种(21种)、乔木树种(26种)和灌木树种(4种)等不同生活型。利用高枝剪和测高仪分别进行叶片取样和树高测量,并在植株冠层采集5~10枚完整且无病虫害的成熟叶片样本,然后选取2枚完整、健康且大小相似的叶片,擦拭叶片表面的灰尘和污渍后装入密封袋,以便进行相关指标的测定。

      植物种科名生活型缩写植物种科名生活型缩写
      白蜡树Fraxinus chinensis木樨科Oleaceae落叶乔木Frc柃木Eurya japonica五列木科Pentaphylacaceae常绿灌木Euj
      白檀Symplocos paniculata山矾科Symplocaceae落叶乔木Syp毛八角枫Alangium kurzii八角枫科Cornaceae落叶乔木Alk
      豹皮樟Litsea coreana var. sinensis樟科Lauraceae常绿乔木Lis毛樱桃Cerasus tomentosa蔷薇科Rosaceae落叶灌木Cet
      冬青Ilex chinensis冬青科Aquifoliaceae常绿乔木Ilc茅栗Castanea seguinii壳斗科Fagaceae落叶乔木Cas
      杜鹃Rhododendron simsii杜鹃花科Ericaceae落叶灌木Rhs南烛Vaccinium bracteatum杜鹃花科Ericaceae常绿乔木Vab
      短柄枹栎Quercus serrata壳斗科Fagaceae落叶乔木Qub青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca壳斗科Fagaceae常绿乔木Cyg
      枫香Liquidambar formosana蕈树科Altingiaceae落叶乔木Lif青皮木Schoepfia chinensis青皮木科Schoepfiaceae落叶乔木Scc
      海桐Pittosporum tobira海桐科Pittosporaceae常绿乔木Pit山矾Symplocos sumuntia山矾科Symplocaceae常绿乔木Sys
      合欢Albizia julibrissin豆科Fabaceae落叶乔木Alj山胡椒Lindera glauca樟科Lauraceae落叶乔木Lig
      化香树Platycarya strobilacea胡桃科Juglandaceae落叶乔木Pls石栎Lithocarpus glaber壳斗科Fagaceae常绿乔木Litg
      黄连木Pistacia chinensis漆树科Anacardiaceae落叶乔木Pic五角枫Acer pictum无患子科Sapindaceae落叶乔木Acp
      黄檀Dalbergia hupeana豆科Fabaceae落叶乔木Dah杨桐Adinandra millettii五列木科Pentaphylacaceae常绿乔木Adm
      檵木Loropetalum chinense金缕梅科Hamamelidaceae落叶灌木Loc野茉莉Styrax japonicus安息香科Styracaceae落叶乔木Stj
      君迁子Diospyros lotus柿科Ebenaceae落叶乔木Dil野桐Mallotus japonicuss大戟科Euphorbiaceae落叶乔木Maj
      苦木Picrasma quassioides苦木科Simaroubaceae落叶乔木Piq野鸦椿Euscaphis japonica省沽油科Staphyleaceae落叶乔木Euj

      Table 1.  Species of woody plants in the sample plots

    • 选取与植物生长、光合、养分留存等特征有关的8项叶功能性状进行测定,包括比叶面积(m2·kg−1)、叶面积(mm2)、干鲜比、叶绿素含量、氮质量分数(g·kg−1)、磷质量分数(g·kg−1)、钾质量分数(g·kg−1)和氮磷比。比叶面积是单叶面积与其干质量的比值,干鲜比为叶干质量与鲜质量的比值[16]。因为植物叶片叶绿素含量与SPAD值呈正相关,故采用叶片SPAD值表示叶绿素含量。

      对采摘的新鲜叶片用剪刀除去叶柄后,用电子天平称取叶片鲜质量(精度0.000 1 g),用叶面积仪(Yaxin-1241)测量叶片的长度、宽度以及叶面积,用叶绿素计(SPAD-502 Plus)测定SPAD值。将叶片放置于80 ℃烘箱中经48 h烘干至恒量后,用电子天平称其干质量,叶片烘干后进行氮、磷、钾的测定。氮由半微量凯氏定氮仪测定,磷通过钼锑抗比色法测定,钾通过火焰分光光度法测定[17]

    • 使用Excel 2022对原始数据进行对数转换的预处理,使其符合数据的正态性。对转换后的数据使用单因素方差分析和最小显著差异法(LSD),分析不同生活型木本植物叶功能性状指标的差异;采用Pearson相关系数检验叶功能性状之间的相关关系;采用主成分分析法(PCA)分析不同生活型木本植物叶功能性状的主成分。所有统计分析均在Origin 2022和SPSS 27.0中完成。

    • 图1可知:常绿树种的SPAD显著高于落叶树种(41.12)(P<0.05);落叶树种的叶氮、磷、钾质量分数均分别显著高于常绿树种(P<0.05);落叶树种的叶面积和比叶面积均分别显著高于常绿树种(P<0.05),而常绿树种和落叶树种的平均干鲜比与氮磷比之间均无显著差异。可见,常绿树种的叶片具有较低氮、磷、钾质量分数及较小的叶面积与比叶面积,还具有较高的叶绿素含量。

      Figure 1.  Comparison of differences in leaf functional traits between evergreen and deciduous tree species

      图2可知,乔木树种与灌木树种的SPAD与比叶面积无显著差异。乔木树种的叶面积以及叶氮、磷、钾质量分数均分别显著大于灌木树种(P<0.05)。此外,灌木树种叶干鲜比和叶氮磷比均分别显著大于乔木树种(P<0.05)。上述结果表明:乔木树种具有较大的叶面积和氮、磷、钾质量分数,以及较小的干鲜比与氮磷比。说明乔木树种相对于灌木树种更容易从环境中获取氮、磷、钾等资源,在与灌木树种的竞争中处于绝对优势。与此相反,灌木树种叶片具有较大的干鲜比与氮磷比,表明灌木树种在有限资源下更注重保障自身生长发育,在叶片中合成更多的有机物。

      Figure 2.  Comparison of differences in leaf functional traits between tree and shrub species

    • 图3可知:叶氮、磷质量分数与钾质量分数均呈显著正相关(P<0.05) ,而叶氮磷比与氮、磷、钾质量分数均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。这表明叶氮、磷、钾元素在植物生长过程中具有协调作用。另外,叶SPAD与叶氮磷比呈显著正相关(P<0.05) ,而与叶氮、磷质量分数均呈负相关(P<0.05) ;叶面积与比叶面积均分别与叶氮、磷、钾质量分数呈正相关(P<0.05),而分别与叶SPAD、干鲜比、氮磷比呈负相关(P<0.05)。表明植物通过增加叶干物质质量和叶面积的方式,增加光合速率,提高其对于环境中氮、磷、钾元素的吸收效率。

      Figure 3.  Correlations among leaf functional traits of woody plants with different life forms

    • 图4所示:主成分分析将30种木本植物的8个叶功能性状划分为2个主成分,其中第1主成分对植物叶功能性状变异的贡献率为55.2%,该主成分相关度最高的是叶磷质量分数,其次为叶氮和钾质量分数、比叶面积,而叶面积的相关度最低。第2主成分的贡献率为12.8%,其中叶氮磷比的相关度最高,其次为SPAD,最低为干鲜比。主成分分析将叶功能性状指标归为4个功能组类型,其中第1组具有较大的叶氮磷比、SPAD、干鲜比,表明该组植物具有较高的光合速率并且合成了更多有机物,对该组叶功能性状贡献较大的树种有石栎、杨桐等树种;第2组具有较大的叶面积、叶氮、叶磷、叶钾质量分数,说明该组植物充分利用资源,通过增加叶面积的方式,进而提高叶片对阳光的利用效率,对该组叶功能性状贡献较大的树种有黄檀、毛八角枫等树种;第3组植物具有较大的比叶面积,说明该组植物具有较强的资源获取能力,对该组叶功能性状贡献较大的树种有豹皮樟、南烛等树种;第4组的叶功能性状指标无明显的规律性,该组物种包括檵木、青冈等树种。

      Figure 4.  Principal component analysis (PCA) of leaf functional traits in different life forms of woody plants

    • 不同生活型的叶功能性状往往存在一定的差别,这既是植物适应环境的结果,也是衡量叶片的能值水平及水分对植物的影响的判断依据。对不同生活型的叶功能性状进行研究,有助于在森林经营或保护过程中,有针对性地降低或阻止性状表现不好的物种竞争资源[18]。本研究发现:不同生活型植物叶氮、叶磷质量分数存在显著差异,其中落叶树种的叶氮、叶磷质量分数均显著大于常绿树种,这与已有研究结果[19]基本一致。相比于落叶树种,常绿植物在叶片凋落前转移了更多的养分,且常绿乔木具有较高的叶片厚度、叶干鲜比、叶面积以及较低的叶磷质量分数、比叶面积[20]

      在本研究中,常绿物种的叶钾质量分数低于落叶物种,这可能是因为钾元素在落叶植物体内不形成化合物,始终以离子游离状态存在,通常不断地向代谢旺盛的部位转移,间接反映了该地区落叶树种的叶片代谢可能较常绿乔木更为旺盛[21]。此外,本研究发现:落叶树种的比叶面积高于常绿树种,这可能是由于落叶树种叶片寿命较短,仅在生长期内进行光合作用,与已有研究结果一致[22]。落叶树种需要采取提高潜在回报能力、降低叶片构造成本的策略来最大程度提供光合产物,从而导致落叶树种相较于常绿树种有较高的光合速率和较高的比叶面积。本研究还发现:灌木为了在有限的光照条件下生存,表现出相对较低的叶氮、叶磷、叶钾质量分数,以及较高的叶干鲜比和氮磷比,与相关研究结论一致[23]

      植物的生命活动以及功能表达并不是单一的,大部分植物通过性状组合,以适应和响应环境变化[24]。植物功能性状之间存在显著相关性,其中促进和制约关系存在于不同功能性状之间,体现了相同生境中不同植物的趋同适应特征[25]。相关研究表明,比叶面积、叶氮和叶磷质量分数之间均呈正相关[26];叶干鲜比与比叶面积之间呈显著负相关[27];叶氮和叶磷质量分数呈显著正相关,同时它们与比叶面积呈显著正相关[28],与上述研究结果相似。本研究发现,叶面积与比叶面积均分别与叶氮、叶磷、叶钾质量分数呈显著正相关,而与叶绿素含量(SPAD)、叶干鲜比、叶氮磷比均呈显著负相关。

    • 本研究区内不同生活型木本植物叶功能性状存在着差异,其中常绿树种相对于落叶树种,具有较低叶氮、叶磷、叶钾质量分数及较小的叶面积与比叶面积,而乔木树种的叶干鲜比与叶氮磷比低于灌木树种。叶功能性状指标之间的相关分析结果表明:叶氮、叶磷、叶钾在研究区木本植物生长过程中具有协调作用,且研究区内木本植物通过增加叶片组织密度和叶面积的方式,增加叶片光合速率,进而提高植物对环境中氮、磷、钾元素的吸收效率。

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