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植物中的Shaker家族是迄今为止研究最深入的钾转运家族之一,被认为在植物钾离子(K+)吸收以及转运方面起到至关重要的作用[1-2]。最早报道的拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana内向整流K+通道AKT1属于Shaker家族,它具有双亲和钾吸收特性,主要在拟南芥根部表皮细胞和皮层细胞中表达,在拟南芥吸收K+过程中起到关键作用。随后已陆续从其他植物中克隆得到该基因,均表现出明显的组织特异性表达,如OsAKTl主要在水稻Oryza sativa根中表皮和维管组织中表达[3];ZMK1主要在玉米Zea mays胚芽鞘皮层中表达[4];SeAKT1在盐角草Salicornia europaea成苗的根和冠中均有表达,但在根中表达量略高[5];GkKT2在三叶期棉花Gossypium hirsutum根、茎、叶和顶芽等各部位均有表达,但在叶中表达量较大[6]等。Shaker通道家族也包括外整流K+通道,但目前针对它的研究较少。SKOR与AKT1在跨膜区具有很高的同源性,但C端比AKT1多约200个氨基酸及6个锚蛋白重复基序(ankyrin repeat motif,AR)[7-8]。据报道[9]:胞内K+浓度可以调节SKOR活性,而对K+的感受性就是依赖C端结构域部分感应细胞内外电压差而实现的,AKT1对于细胞内的K+却没有响应。GAYMARD等[10]首次从拟南芥中克隆到编码外整流K+通道的基因SKOR,并发现它在根中柱组织特异表达,且能被脱落酸(ABA)抑制,其介导根细胞中的K+向木质部外流的转运。在玉米根皮层及中柱细胞中也检测到了外整流K+通道,并确定其介导K+从中柱细胞外排到木质部汁液中,外整流K+通道基因的这一功能在大麦Hordeum vulgare中也得到了验证[11-12]。另外,Shaker钾离子通道的孔结构域和蛋白质氨基酸序列上的组氨基酸残基高度保守,这决定了其通道活性在很大程度上受细胞内外酸碱度调节,比如,KAT1活性在细胞膜内外低pH值的情况下被激活[13],SKOR的活性受酸碱度影响较大[14-16]。小白菜Brassica chinensis花粉质膜外整流K+通道受细胞内外pH值的影响,从而影响花粉萌发和花粉管的伸长[17]。黑果枸杞Lycium ruthenicum为茄科Solanaceae枸杞属Lycium多年生野生盐生类灌木,主要生长在中国西北青海、新疆、甘肃等地的荒漠地区,不但具有极强的耐旱、耐盐碱性,还具有重要的经济价值和药用价值,在生态建设和经济发展中有巨大的应用前景,也是研究多年生植物抗逆机制的优良植物材料。已有研究结果表明[18]:与宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum相比,黑果枸杞具有更强的耐盐能力。在盐分胁迫下,黑果枸杞各器官中钠离子(Na+)和氯离子(Cl-)相对含量均增加,叶片中积累最多,K+/Na+比均下降,在根中比值比地上部分高。但与宁夏枸杞相比,黑果枸杞各器官中的K+含量下降相对较少,积累的Na+和Cl-含量也相对较少,甚至在450 mmol·L-1氯化钠高盐胁迫下,各器官中K+/ Na+比下降的幅度仍小于宁夏枸杞,其中叶片组织中K+/ Na+比值显著高于同浓度胁迫下的宁夏枸杞,但与拟南芥等传统植物相比,黑果枸杞耐盐碱基因尤其是钾吸收相关基因的鉴定未见报道。为进一步深入研究黑果枸杞的耐盐机制,本研究采用反转录聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription PCR,RT-PCR)方法克隆了黑果枸杞SKOR基因并分析其序列特征,研究了不同pH值的高盐环境对SKOR基因表达丰度的影响,为以后研究外整流K+通道SKOR在黑果枸杞体内能否维系高K+/Na+比,进而在提高植株耐盐性中发挥重要作用而奠定基础。
Cloning and expression analysis of the SKOR gene for an outward-rectifying K+ channel in Lycium ruthenicum
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摘要: 黑果枸杞Lycium ruthenicum为多年生野生灌木,由于其珍贵的营养价值和强非生物胁迫抗性受到广泛关注。为研究黑果枸杞钾离子(K+)/钠离子(Na+)选择性运输的分子机制,从转录组数据中筛选出拟外整流K+通道基因,提取黑果枸杞根系总RNA为模板,采用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法分离出该拟似SKOR基因。序列分析显示:该基因序列长2 448 bp,编码815个氨基酸。通过比对发现:该基因与拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana等植物中已报道的SKOR基因编码的氨基酸序列同源性在60%以上,与几种茄科Solanaceae植物的SKOR同源性高达90%以上。进一步对该基因进行表达分析,结果显示:LrSKOR被盐碱处理强烈诱导而被高盐处理微弱诱导,盐碱处理是高盐处理的6.81倍,是对照的23.79倍,说明LrSKOR的表达受到盐以及盐碱胁迫调控,并且pH值对其表达水平有显著影响。Abstract: To determine the molecular mechanism of Lycium ruthenicum, a perennial shrub species that has attracted great interest in recent years due to its nutritional value and abiotic stress resistance, with its high salt tolerance capability, a potential outward-rectifying potassium channel gene was cloned based on a transcriptome sequencing database analysis. Analyses also included real time (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a homology comparison analysis, and a gene expression analysis. Results of the RT-PCR indicated that the length of this potential L. ruthenicum SKOR (LrSKOR) gene was 2 448 bp encoding 815 amino acids. The homology comparison analysis showed that the SKOR gene shared more than a 60% amino acid sequence similarity with reported plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, and had over 90% similarity with other Solanaceae plants. Gene expression analysis with RT-PCR showed that the LrSKOR gene was strongly induced by NaHCO3 stress and weakly induced by NaCl stress; its expression level with NaHCO3 stress was 6.81 times higher than NaCl stress and 23.79 times higher than the control. Thus, expression of LrSKOR, regulated by both saline and saline-alkali stress, with pH imposed a strong influence on its expression. The results could help in LrSKOR gene function prediction as well as lay a foundation for further research of high salinity stress response in L. ruthenicum.
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Key words:
- forest tree breeding /
- Lycium ruthenicum /
- SKOR /
- K+/Na+ ratio /
- pH /
- salt response ability
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.01.014