Plant diversity in various sections of Jinsha River dry-hot valley under different site environments
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摘要:
目的 为更精准地保护和修复金沙江干热河谷生态环境，明晰不同立地环境下金沙江干热河谷各区段植物多样性结构特征与差异。 方法 采用标准样地调查法调查金沙江干热河谷上段、中段和下段共47个样地的植物物种丰富度和多样性等。 结果 ① 金沙江干热河谷植物丰富度、多样性和均匀度从上段到下段有增加趋势，植物丰富度从大到小依次为天然林(20.56)、人工林(12.16)、稀树灌草丛(8.00)，天然林和人工林之间多样性和均匀度差异均不显著。② 随海拔上升，植物多样性有增加趋势。阴坡植物多样性显著高于阳坡(P＜0.05)。③ 在海拔800~1 400 m，上段、中段和下段多样性差异不显著，而在海拔1 400~2 000 m，多样性从大到小依次为下段、中段、上段；同一坡向下段的植物多样性均高于中段和上段，且下段的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数显著高于上段(P＜0.05)。 结论 受海拔和坡向等立地环境的影响，金沙江干热河谷各区段植物多样性存在明显差异，局部造林可提高当地的植物多样性。图1表4参27 Abstract:Objective This study is aimed at an investigation of the structural features and differences of the plant diversity in various sections of the dry-hot valley under different site environments so as to efficiently protect and restore the biological environment of Jinsha River dry-hot valley. Method With the employment of standard sample plot survey method, a survey was conducted of the plant species richness and diversity of 47 plots in the upper, middle and lower sections of the Jinsha River dry-hot valley. Result The plant species richness, diversity and uniformity of the Jinsha River dry-hot valley increased from the upper section to the lower one with the order of species richness being natural forest (20.56)＞plantation (12.16)＞sparse trees and shrubs (8.00) and no significant difference in diversity or uniformity between natural forest and plantation. The plant diversity tends to increase as the altitude increases with the plant diversity of shade slopes being significantly higher than that of sunny slopes (P＜0.05). No significant differences have been found in diversity among the upper, middle and lower sections in the range of 800−1 400 m, while in the range of 1 400−2 000 m, the diversity in the middle section was lower than that in the lower section, but higher than the upper section. The plant diversity in the lower section was always higher than that in the middle section and the upper section of the same slope, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson diversity index in the lower section were significantly different from those of the upper section (P＜0.05). Conclusion There are significant differences in plant diversity in various sections of the Jinsha River dry-hot valley, with altitude and slope as main environmental influencing factors, and local plantation may increase the plant diversity. [Ch, 1 fig. 4 tab. 27 ref.] -
Key words:
- dry-hot valley /
- watershed section /
- plant diversity /
- site environment
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表 1 样地基本信息
Table 1. Basic characteristics of plots
区段 样方数 年平均气温/℃ 年均降水/mm 海拔/m 坡向 科 属 种 上段 22 19.4 775 1 200~2 000 阳坡(9)，阴坡(13) 43 73 86 中段 13 21.2 800 800~2 000 阳坡(5)，阴坡(8) 48 76 90 下段 12 23.5 812 800~2 000 阳坡(5)，阴坡(7) 53 80 95 说明：坡向后括号里数字表示样方数；阴坡：0~90°和270~360°；阳坡：90~270° 
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表 2 金沙江干热河谷各区段植物的多样性指数
Table 2. Plant diversity indices in various sections of Jinsha River dry-hot valley
地区 利用方式 R0 H D J 上段 天然林 15.89±5.62 aB 1.80±0.32 aB 0.71±0.11 aB 0.68±0.13 aB 人工林 9.00±3.61 bA 1.47±0.42 abB 0.66±0.08 aB 0.68±0.07 aB 稀树灌草丛 7.50±4.65 bA 1.02±0.61 bA 0.44±0.28 bA 0.52±0.17 bA 合计 11.55±5.84 B 1.52±0.49 B 0.64±0.17 B 0.65±0.13 B 中段 天然林 24.00±5.70 aAB 2.44±0.27 aB 0.87±0.04 aA 0.78±0.06 aAB 人工林 13.67±6.53 bA 2.01±0.46 aA 0.83±0.08 aA 0.82±0.05 aA 稀树灌草丛 9.00±0.00 bA 1.29±0.30 bA 0.64±0.06 bA 0.59±0.14 bA 合计 16.92±8.08 A 2.07±0.53 AB 0.82±0.10 A 0.77±0.10 AB 下段 天然林 33.00±1.14 aA 3.10±0.27 aA 0.94±0.03 aA 0.89±0.07 aA 人工林 14.10±6.06 bA 2.15±0.46 bA 0.83±0.09 aA 0.83±0.08 aA 合计 17.25±9.19 A 2.31±0.56 A 0.84±0.10 A 0.84±0.08 A 金沙江干热河谷 天然林 20.56±7.96 a 2.17±0.55 a 0.79±0.13 a 0.74±0.12 a 人工林 12.16±5.73 b 1.87±0.53 a 0.77±0.12 a 0.77±0.10 a 稀树灌草丛 8.00±3.69 b 1.11±0.51 b 0.51±0.24 b 0.54±0.15 b 总计 14.49±7.78 1.87±0.61 0.74±0.16 0.73±0.14 说明：表中植被的多样性指数均为同类型样地的算术平均数。不同小写字母表示同一区段不同林分间差异显著(P＜0.05)，不同大写
字母表示同一利用方式不同区段间差异显著(P＜0.05)
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表 3 金沙江干热河谷各区段不同海拔段的植物多样性
Table 3. Plant diversity at different altitudes in various sections of the Jinsha River dry-hot valley
海拔/m 地区 R0 H D J 土壤含水量/% 1800~2000 上段 18.80±3.70 bA 1.74±0.34 bA 0.65±0.11 bA 0.59±0.10 bA 0.20±0.02 bA 中段 27.00±1.41 aA 2.72±0.11 aA 0.91±0.02 aA 0.82±0.02 aA 0.21±0.00 abA 下段 30.50±4.95 aA 3.23±0.38 aA 0.93±0.04 aA 0.89±0.07 aA 0.24±0.01 aA 合计 23.22±6.26 A 2.24±0.67 A 0.77±0.16 A 0.71±0.16 AB 0.21±0.02 A 1600~1800 上段 10.25±4.83 bB 1.62±0.46 aAB 0.71±0.10 aA 0.72±0.10 bA 0.15±0.02 bB 中段 26.00±1.41 aA 2.33±0.08 aB 0.85±0.03 aA 0.71±0.01 bA 0.19±0.00 aA 下段 14.00±0.00 bB 2.35±0.00 aBC 0.89±0.00 aAB 0.89±0.00 aA 0.17±0.00 abB 合计 13.45±7.50 B 1.82±0.51 AB 0.75±0.11 A 0.73±0.10 AB 0.16±0.02 B 1400~1600 上段 9.00±4.12 cB 1.44±0.46 bAB 0.65±0.10 bA 0.68±0.08 bA 0.12±0.03 bC 中段 18.67±2.52 bB 2.35±0.17 aB 0.87±0.03 aA 0.80±0.05 aA 0.14±0.01 abB 下段 32.00±0.00 aA 2.91±0.00 aAB 0.91±0.00 aA 0.84±0.00 aA 0.18±0.00 aB 合计 13.73±8.24 B 1.82±0.66 AB 0.73±0.14 A 0.73±0.09 AB 0.13±0.03 C 1200~1400 上段 7.50±6.36 aB 0.88±0.84 aB 0.32±0.41 aB 0.43±0.24 aB 0.09±0.00 cC 中段 6.50±3.54 aC 1.16±0.12 aD 0.64±0.06 aB 0.70±0.29 aA 0.13±0.01 bBC 下段 13.00±0.00 aB 2.19±0.00 aC 0.86±0.00 aAB 0.85±0.00 aA 0.17±0.00 aB 合计 8.20±4.55 B 1.26±0.69 B 0.56±0.31 B 0.62±0.26 B 0.12±0.03 CD 1000~1200 中段 14.00±0.00 aB 2.09±0.05 aB 0.87±0.04 aA 0.79±0.02 aA 0.11±0.02 aCD 下段 16.33±4.16 aB 2.39±0.23 aABC 0.87±0.01 aAB 0.86±0.03 aA 0.14±0.02 aC 合计 15.40±3.21 B 2.27±0.23 A 0.87±0.02 A 0.83±0.05 A 0.13±0.02 C 800~1000 中段 8.50±0.71 aC 1.61±0.14 aC 0.73±0.07 aB 0.76±0.10 aA 0.10±0.01 aD 下段 9.50±3.11 aB 1.75±0.42 aC 0.75±0.11 aB 0.79±0.12 aA 0.10±0.02 aD 合计 9.16±2.48 B 1.70±0.03 AB 0.74±0.09 A 0.78±0.10 AB 0.10±0.02 CD 说明：表中植被的多样性指数均为同类型样地的算术平均数。不同小写字母表示同一海拔不同区段间差异显著(P＜0.05)，不同大写
字母表示同一指数不同海拔间差异显著(P＜0.05)
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表 4 金沙江干热河谷各区段不同坡向的植物多样性
Table 4. Plant diversity of different slope downwards in different sections of Jinsha River dry-hot valley
坡向 地区 R0 H D J 土壤含水量/% 阳坡 上段 7.00±4.24 aB 1.15±0.47 bB 0.56±0.22 bB 0.62±0.17 aA 0.13±0.04 B 中段 8.80±3.56 aB 1.53±0.41 abB 0.72±0.88 abB 0.74±0.16 aA 0.11±0.02 B 下段 10.60±3.65 aB 1.85±0.43 aB 0.77±0.11 aB 0.80±0.11 aA 0.12±0.02 B 合计 8.42±4.02 aB 1.44±0.52 abB 0.66±0.19 abB 0.70±0.17 aA 0.12±0.03 B 阴坡 上段 14.69±4.63 bA 1.78±0.32 cA 0.70±0.09 bA 0.67±0.09 cA 0.16±0.03 A 中段 22.00±5.29 aA 2.40±0.24 abA 0.88±0.03 aA 0.78±0.05 abA 0.17±0.03 A 下段 22.00±9.10 aA 2.63±0.40 aA 0.89±0.04 aA 0.87±0.03 aA 0.17±0.05 A 合计 18.61±7.21 abA 2.17±0.49 bcA 0.80±0.11 bA 0.76±0.11 bcA 0.17±0.04 A 说明：表中植被的多样性指数均为同类型样地的算术平均数。不同小写字母表示同一坡向不同区段间差异显著(P＜0.05)，不同大写
字母表示同一指数不同坡向间差异显著(P＜0.05)
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