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人为干扰对雅安苍坪山公园桉树人工林物种多样性和生物量的影响
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.20950756.20200312
Effects of human interference on species diversity and biomass of Eucalyptus grandis plantation in Cangping Mountain Park in Ya’an
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摘要:
目的 揭示不同人为干扰强度对桉树Eucalyptus grandis人工林物种多样性和生物量的影响。 方法 以四川省雅安市苍坪山公园桉树人工林为研究对象，采用典型样地法，设置12块20 m × 20 m不同干扰程度的样地，对林内物种组成、物种多样性水平(丰富度指数D、Shannon-Wiener指数H、Simpson优势度指数 H'、Pielou均匀度指数 Jsw)和植物层生物量进行调查研究。 结果 共调查到维管植物87种，隶属55科82属，桉树人工林物种数随着干扰的加强而减少；乔木层与草本层D、H、H'值随着干扰强度的增加而降低，灌木层D、H、H'值在中度干扰下达到最大值，乔木层的D、H值变化差异显著(P＜0.05)。随着干扰强度的增加，植物各层生物量呈不同变化趋势：中度干扰下乔木层蓄积量(12.01 m3·hm−2)最高；轻度干扰下灌木层生物量(394.533 kg·m−2)和草本层生物量(104.079 g·m−2)最高。乔木层D值、草本层H'值与草本层地上生物量和生物总量呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)；草本层Jsw值与草本层生物总量呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)。 结论 适度的干扰会促使桉树人工林物种多样性和生物量增加；物种多样性和生物量的关系受人为干扰和自然条件而改变，没有固定关系。图2表3参25 Abstract:Objective This study aims to reveal the effects of human interference on species diversity and biomass in E. grandis plantations. Method 12 sample plots of E. grandis plantations (20 m× 20 m) with different interference intensities were set up by typical plot method in Cangping Mountain Park in Ya’an City of Sichuan Province, to investigate the species composition, species diversity(richness index D, Shannon-Wiener index H, Simpson dominance index H', Pielou evenness index Jsw), and plant layer biomass. Result There were 87 species of vascular plants belonging to 55 families and 82 genera. The number of species in E. grandis plantation decreased with increasing interference. The D, H and H' indices of tree layer and herb layer decreased with the increase of interference intensity. The D, H and H' indices of shrub layer reached the maximum under moderate disturbance. The difference of D and H indices in tree layer was significant (P＜0.05). With the increase of disturbance intensity, the biomass of each plant layer showed different changing trends. The tree layer had the highest volume (12.01 m3·hm−2) under moderate disturbance, while the biomass of shrub layer (394.533 kg·m−2) and herb layer (104.079 kg·m−2) was the highest under light disturbance. The D index of tree layer and H' index of herb layer were significantly positively correlated with aboveground biomass and total biomass of herb layer (P＜0.05). The Jsw index of herb layer was significantly positively correlated with total biomass of herb layer (P＜0.05). Conclusion Moderate disturbance will increase species diversity and biomass in E. grandis plantation. The relationship between species diversity and biomass is subject to human interference and natural conditions, and there is no fixed relationship. [Ch, 2 fig. 3 tab. 25 ref.] -
Key words:
- forest ecology /
- human interference /
- Eucalyptus grandis plantation /
- species diversity /
- biomass
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图 1 不同干扰下桉树人工林群落各层次物种多样性指数
不同小写字母表示不同干扰下各层次间差异显著 (P＜0.05)
Figure 1 Species diversity of E. grandis plantation community in different levels of interference
图 2 不同干扰下桉树人工林群落各层次生物量
不同小写字母表示不同干扰下各层次间差异显著 (P＜0.05)
Figure 2 Biomass of E. grandis plantation community in different levels of interference
表 1 样地概况
Table 1. Information about the sampling plots
样地号 干扰强度 海拔/m 坡度/(°) 坡向/(°) 平均胸径/cm 平均树高/m 密度/(株·hm－2) 郁闭度 1~4 重度干扰 610~616 20.6~24.7 SW228.5~SW236.0 14.3~16.9 10.0~11.3 1 001 0.4~0.5 5~8 中度干扰 620~624 34.8~37.2 NW27.4~NW29.0 18.6~20.1 13.8~15.2 783 0.5~0.6 9~12 轻度干扰 617~619 30.5~33.5 NW27.2~NW28.1 17.3~18.8 12.1~14.1 905 0.7 
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表 2 不同干扰下桉树人工林各层次物种及其重要值
Table 2. Important values of species in different layers of E. grandis plantation in different levels of interference
层次 干扰强度 物种及其重要值 乔木层 重度干扰 桉树(0.251 1)+女贞(0.159 8)+水杉(0.136 7)+绢毛稠李(0.139 4)+桢楠(0.062 5)+二球悬铃木(0.086 0)+柳杉(0.0413) 中度干扰 桉树(0.297 3)+女贞(0.097 2)+水杉(0.183 4)+绢毛稠李(0.052 6)+桢楠(0.197 5)+八角枫 (0.053 9) 轻度干扰 桉树(0.217 2)+女贞(0.154 7)+水杉(0.071 6)+绢毛稠李(0.143 5)+喜树(0.083 8)+二球悬铃木(0.057 2)+银木 Cinnamomum septentrionale(0.050 6) 灌木层 重度干扰 桢楠(0.177 4)+绢毛稠李(0.147 1)+高粱泡 (0.099 0)+石海椒 (0.076 8)+刺槐 (0.072 8)+八角枫(0.067 8)+女贞(0.066 0)+ 朴树 (0.043 3) 中度干扰 萝芙木 (0.209 7)+高粱泡(0.129 4)+桢楠(0.108 8)+绢毛稠李(0.098 8)+紫麻(0.0556)+女贞(0.048 6)+朴树(0.048 8)+ 常春藤 (0.048 8) 轻度干扰 绢毛稠李(0.177 8)+润楠Machilus nanmu(0.134 0)+桢楠(0.072 1)+水麻 (0.092 3)+石海椒(0.067 8)+女贞(0.041 6)+朴 树(0.051 0)+苦竹Pleioblastus amarus(0.041 1) 草本层 重度干扰 白花紫露草 (0.553 9)+铁线蕨(0.073 4)+钮子瓜Zehneria maysorensis(0.042 5) 中度干扰 白花紫露草(0.491 6)+里白 (0.117 4)+垂序商陆(0.055 2)+毛茛Ranunculus japonicus (0.054 0) 轻度干扰 白花紫露草(0.413 8)+垂序商陆(0.100 5)+葎草 (0.079 8)+透茎冷水花 (0.086 8)+白英Solanum lyratum(0.051 9) 说明：括号中数值为重要值
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表 3 桉树人工林下的物种多样性指数与生物量的相关系数
Table 3. Correlation between species diversity index and biomass of E. grandis plantation
层次 项目 多样性指数 乔木层 灌木层 草本层 D H H' JSW D H H' JSW D H H' JSW 乔木层 森林蓄积量 0.00 −0.10 0.26 −0.17 −0.24 0.12 0.48 −0.20 −0.05 0.05 0.00 0.05 灌木层 地上生物量 0.20 −0.01 −0.02 −0.41 0.05 −0.46 −0.34 −0.14 −0.02 0.01 0.00 0.04 地下生物量 0.20 −0.01 −0.02 −0.41 0.05 −0.46 −0.34 −0.14 −0.02 0.01 0.00 0.04 生物总量 0.20 −0.01 −0.02 −0.41 0.05 −0.46 −0.34 −0.14 −0.02 0.01 0.00 0.04 草本层 地上生物量 0.61* 0.35 0.37 −0.34 0.14 −0.32 −0.16 −0.28 0.40 0.53 0.59* 0.55 地下生物量 0.44 0.20 0.21 −0.37 0.00 −0.54 −0.29 −0.35 0.35 0.46 0.44 0.49 生物总量 0.57* 0.30 0.31 −0.39 0.08 −0.46 −0.24 −0.34 0.41 0.53 0.56* 0.56* 说明：* 表示显著相关(P＜0.05)
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