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西红花Crocus sativus为鸢尾科Iridaceae番红花属Crocus多年生草本植物,又称藏红花、番红花,为新“浙八味”之一。西红花柱头是其主要药用部分,具活血祛瘀、凉血解毒、解郁安神等功效[1],西红花花丝富含藏红花素、藏红花甙等成分,对心脑血管以及神经性疾病都有较好的预防和治疗效果[2-3]。西红花是三倍体植物,只能够通过球茎来繁种。生产上,种球芽过多会分散营养运输,不利用单个种球膨大为成品种球。因此,种植前抹芽是西红花种球田间复壮的常规操作。常年无性繁殖,产生的抹芽伤口使得病害入侵并逐年累积,病害高发年份部分产区的茎腐病发病率可达40%[4],使得西红花产量急剧降低,很大程度上制约了西红花产业的发展。目前已知的药用植物病害中,真菌性病害占比高达80%[5],真菌性病害也是导致西红花发生球茎腐烂的主要病害。张国辉等[6]从贵州西红花茎腐病病害样本中分离鉴定出尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum和炭疽菌Anthracnose sp.等2种真菌,证实西红花球茎腐烂病由两者共同感染所致。吴李芳[7]发现浙江西红花茎腐病的致病真菌为尖孢镰刀菌 的ZJU-1菌株和茄病镰刀菌F. solani的ZJU-2菌株。ZHANG等[8]采用组织分离法从浙江西红花中分离鉴定得到离生青霉菌Penicillium solitum,认为这是一种新的能导致西红花茎腐病的致病真菌。可见不同品种西红花感染的致病真菌是不同的。‘番红花1号’C. sativus ‘Saffron No. 1’是目前西红花在浙江省的主栽品种,具有一定的抗茎腐病抗性,对引起该品种球茎茎腐病的致病真菌的分离与鉴定工作报道不多。本研究以浙江建德产‘番红花1号’球茎为材料,分离并鉴定引起其该品种茎腐病的病原菌,以期为完善西红花茎腐病致病菌数据,也为西红花茎腐病科学防控和特效杀菌剂的开发提供科学依据。
Isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi of stem rot in Crocus sativus
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摘要:
目的 真菌性病害是西红花Crocus sativus的主要病害。分离鉴定西红花茎腐病致病菌可为西红花茎腐病科学防控及特效杀菌剂开发提供科学依据。 方法 以‘番红花1号’C. sativus ‘Saffron No. 1’为供试材料,采用组织分离法从感病球茎中分离获得致病真菌。通过PCR扩增、测序与进化树构建对真菌保守内部转录间隔区序列(ITS)和RNA聚合酶 Ⅱ 亚家族(RPB2)基因序列进行同源性比对与进化分析。对感病球茎进行致病菌再分离并回接到植株,验证真菌在种球种植模式下的致病特性。 结果 所分离获得的球茎致病真菌与黑曲霉Aspergillus niger的形态特征高度相似;候选致病真菌的ITS和RPB2保守序列与其他植物来源的黑曲霉同一DNA序列同源性高达99.6%,与黑曲霉处在同一进化分支上;基质种植模式下,接种黑曲霉菌液极显著(P<0.01)增加了西红花球茎的发病率。 结论 黑曲霉是引起西红花种球腐烂的真菌病害之一。图7参32 Abstract:Objective This study, with an investigation into the identification and isolation of the rot disease pathogen of Crocus sativus, the main disease of which is fungal disease, is intended to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of saffron stem rot and the development of special fungicides. Method First, the pathogenic fungi were isolated from infected corms by tissue separation method using ‘Saffron No. 1’ as the test material. Then an analysis was made of the sequences of conserved internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and RNA polymerase Ⅱ subfamily (RPB2) by PCR amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. At last, pathogenic bacteria were isolated from infected corms and grafted back to plants to verify the pathogenic characteristics of fungi under the planting mode of saffron. Result The morphological characteristics of the corm-pathogenic fungi isolated were highly similar to those of Aspergillus niger. The conserved sequences of ITS and RPB2 of the candidate pathogenic fungi had 99.6% homology to the same DNA sequence of A. niger from other plants with the same evolutionary branch. In the soil planting mode, inoculation with A. niger solution significantly increased the incidence of corm (P<0.01). Conclusion A. niger is one of the fungal diseases that cause the rot of saffron bulbs. [Ch, 7 fig. 32 ref.] -
Key words:
- Crocus sativus /
- stem rot /
- corm /
- molecular identification /
- fungal disease /
- Aspergillus niger
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210768