Intergeneric cross-compatibility from pollen-pistil interactions of three Calycanthaceae species
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摘要: 为了选育蜡梅科Calycanthaceae植物新品种，拓展育种亲本，以蜡梅Chimonanthus praecox，光叶红蜡梅Calycanthus floridus var. glaucus和夏蜡梅Sinocalycanthus chinensis为实验材料，利用低温或超低温保存花粉克服属间杂交花期不遇，应用荧光镜检技术检测花粉与雌蕊互作，来探讨蜡梅属Chimonanthus与美国蜡梅属Calycanthus和夏蜡梅属Sinocalycanthus属间杂交亲和性。结果表明：以变色硅胶干燥2 h，而后利用液氮保存3个月的蜡梅花粉活力保持最高（12.7%），授粉后在夏蜡梅和光叶红蜡梅柱头上均能黏附和萌发，能用于属间杂交；而以类似方法保存的夏蜡梅和光叶红蜡梅花粉未检测到活力，授粉后在母本柱头上只观察到少量花粉黏附而未观察到花粉萌发。以夏蜡梅和光叶红蜡梅分别为母本，蜡梅为父本，其花粉黏附、萌发和花粉管生长动态基本一致：授粉后6 h花粉在母本柱头上黏附，授粉后12 h花粉萌发长出花粉管，24 h至36 h花粉管继续向下生长，约48 h到达花柱基部，开始进入胚囊。这表明以蜡梅为父本，与夏蜡梅和光叶红蜡梅杂交在花粉?鄄雌蕊互作和花粉管生长阶段不存在杂交障碍，而反交亲和性有待于改进花粉保存方法后进一步研究。图5表1参24Abstract: To breed new cultivars and increase breeding parent combinations, intergeneric cross-compatibility between Chimonanthus praecox and Calycanthus floridus var. glaucus, and between Chimonanthus praecox and Sinocalycanthus chinensis was analyzed by determining pollen-pistil interaction through fluorescence microscopy. To overcome the asynchronous flowering period, different methods，including low temperature and ultra-low temperature, were used to store pollen from these three species. Pollen viability in Chimonanthus praecox reached 12.7% after 3 months of crypreservation storage but was negligible for the other two species. When S. chinensis and Calycanthus floridus var. glaucus were used as female parents, pollen grains germinated and pollen tubes grew along the style. Pollen germination and growth characteristics between two intergeneric crosses were similar. About 6 h after pollination, pollen attached on stigmas and germinated 12 h after pollination; from 24 h to 36 h pollen tubes grew further along the styles reaching and entering the embryo sac at 48 h. Thus, Chimonanthus praecox pollen could be used as a male parent for crosses, and no barriers were found in the pollen-pistil interaction stage for crosses of Chimonanthus praecox and Calycanthus floridus var. glaucus or Chimonanthus praecox and S. chinensis. ［Ch, 5 fig. 1 tab. 24 ref.］
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2015.05.015
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