-
硫代葡萄糖苷(glucosinolates,GS),简称硫苷,又称芥子油苷,是植物中一类富含氮硫的阴离子次生代谢物质,主要存在于十字花科Cruciferae,尤其是芸薹属Brassica植物中,如白菜Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis,甘蓝Brassica oleracea,油菜Brassica napus,芥菜Brassica juncea,芜菁Brassica rapa,拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana等[1]。自从BUSSY[2]于1839年从芥菜子中首次发现硫苷后,硫苷的种类以及降解产物逐渐被人所认识。目前,鉴定出结构的硫苷已经超过132种[3]。所有硫苷都有一个共同的化学结构:一般由β-D-硫葡萄糖基、硫化肟基团以及来源于氨基酸的侧链R基团组成。根据氨基酸侧链R基团的不同,可将硫苷分为3类:脂肪族硫苷(侧链主要来源于甲硫氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸或异亮氨酸),吲哚族硫苷(侧链主要来源于色氨酸)和芳香族硫苷(侧链主要来源于苯丙氨酸或酪氨酸)[1, 4]。硫苷本身性质比较稳定,并不具备生物活性,主要存在于植物细胞的液泡中,而硫代葡萄糖苷酶(又称黑芥子酶)则位于特定的蛋白体中,只有当植物组织破碎时(如病虫害侵袭或机械损伤),两者得以接触,硫苷在黑芥子酶的作用下水解产生异硫氰酸盐、硫氰酸脂、腈类等生物活性物质[4]。这些水解产物具有重要的生物学功能,不仅是十字花科蔬菜独特风味物质的主要来源,而且在抵御昆虫取食[5-7]、病原菌侵染[8]以及各种非生物胁迫[9](如水分、温度、光照、盐胁迫)等植物防卫反应中也发挥了重要作用,更重要的是它对人体而言具有预防结肠癌、乳腺癌、肺癌等癌症发生的作用[10-11]。经过数十年的研究,硫苷的生物合成途径及其调节基因在模式植物拟南芥中已经基本阐明[12-14]。硫苷的生物合成过程主要包括以下3个阶段:氨基酸侧链的延长,核心结构的形成和侧链的次级修饰[12]。在硫苷核心结构形成过程中,硝基化合物或氧化腈在谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(gultathione-S-transferase,GST)的作用下与硫供体(半胱氨酸或谷胱甘肽)结合,形成S-烷基硫代氧肟;以及脱硫硫苷在磺基转移酶(sulfotransferase,SOT)的催化下,与高能硫供体3′磷酸腺苷5′磷酰硫酸(3′-phospho-adenosine-5′-phosphosullfate,PAPS)结合,在N末端生成一个SO42-,从而形成基本的硫苷结构。这2步反应都需要硫供体,也使得最终的硫苷中含有大量的硫元素且被运送到种子中储存起来,用于应对缺硫胁迫,保证植物体内的硫平衡[15]。笔者总结了近年来硫苷生物合成过程中硫来源的研究进展,并在此基础上分析了初生硫代谢与硫苷合成的关系,希望进一步完善硫苷的代谢网络,为日后研究硫的初生与次生代谢途径间的相互作用提供理论指导。
Advances of research on sulfur source in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates
-
摘要: 硫苷是十字花科Cruciferae植物中一类富含氮硫的次生代谢物,硫苷合成途径,特别是硫与硫苷合成关系的研究取得了很多进展。从硫苷核心结构形成过程中还原硫供体来源、活化硫酸盐来源以及半胱氨酸(Cys)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和高能硫供体3'磷酸腺苷5'磷酰硫酸(PAPS)等初生硫代谢产物与硫苷合成间的关系等方面对硫苷合成过程中硫来源的研究进展进行了综述,提出GSH等初生硫代谢调控因子、氮硫等营养元素之间的平衡以及葡萄糖等信号分子对硫苷生物合成的调控机制将成为新的研究热点,以期为硫苷的生物合成调控研究提供理论依据。Abstract: Glucosinolates are nitrogen-and sulfur-containing secondary metabolites that mainly found in the Brassicaceae plants. In recent years, the study which involves the biosynthesis of glucosinolates, especially its relationship with sulfur has made some new progress. The research attempted to review the research progresses on the sources of reduced sulfur and active sulfate in the formation of the core glucosinolate structure. The paper also discussed the link between primary sulfur metabolites including Cys, GSH, PAPS and glucosinolate biosynthesis, as well as the relevant research in the future, so as to lay the foundation for the further study.
-
Key words:
- botany /
- glucosinolates /
- biosynthesis /
- GSH /
- PAPS /
- primary sulfur metabolism /
- review
-
[1] 廖永翠, 宋明, 王辉, 等.大白菜中硫代葡萄糖苷的鉴定及含量分析[J].园艺学报, 2011, 38(5): 963-969. LIAO Yongcui, SONG Ming, WANG Hui, et al. Glucosinolate profile and accumulation in Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis [J]. Acta Hortic Sin, 2011, 38(5): 963-969. [2] BUSSY A. Note sur la formation de Ⅰ'huile essentielle de moutarde [J]. J Phamac Chim, 1840, 26(39): 815-817. [3] 祝彪. 外源植物生长调节物质对小白菜硫代葡萄糖苷的影响及相关合成基因表达研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2012. ZHU Biao. Studies on the Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Glucosinolates and the Expression of Related Genes in Pakchoi [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2012. [4] 袁高峰, 陈思学, 汪俏梅.芥子油苷及其代谢产物的生物学效应研究与应用[J].核农学报, 2009, 23(4): 664-668. YUAN Gaofeng, CHEN Sixue, WANG Qiaomei. Biological functions and application of glucosinolates and their degradation products [J]. J Nucl Agric Sci, 2009, 23(4): 664-668. [5] 刘梦洋, 卢银, 韩文素, 等.大白菜抗小菜蛾突变体硫甙含量及相关基因的表达分析[J].农业生物技术学报, 2015, 23(3): 320-328. LIU Mengyang, LU Yin, HAN Wensu, et al. Glucosinolate content and expression of related genes in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris sub. pekinensis) mutants resistance to diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) [J]. J Agric Biotechnol, 2015, 23(3): 320-328. [6] LIU Tongjin, ZHANG Xiaohui, YANG Haohui, et al. Aromatic glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway in Barbarea vulgaris and its response to Plutella xylostella infestation [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2016, 7(1): 83. doi: 10.3389/fpls. 2016. 00083. [7] KOS M, HOUSHYANI B, WIETSMA R, et al. Effects of glucosinolates on a generalist and specialist leaf-chewing herbivore and an associated parasitoid [J]. Phytochemistry, 2012, 77(1): 162-170. [8] BUXDORF K, YAFFE H, BARDA O, et al. The effects of glucosinolates and their breakdown products on necrotrophic fungi [J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(8): e70771. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070771. [9] MARTINEZBALL M D, MORENO D A, CARVAJAL M. The physiological importance of glucosinolates on plant response to abiotic stress in Brassica[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2013, 14(6): 11607-11625. [10] LIPPMANN D, LEHMANN C, FLORIAN S, et al. Glucosinolates from pak choi and broccoli induce enzymes and inhibit inflammation and colon cancer differently [J]. Food Funct, 2014, 5(6): 1073-1081 [11] DINKOVA-KOSTOVA A T, KOSTOV R V. Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates in health and disease [J]. Trends Mol Med, 2012, 18(6): 337-347. [12] 程坤, 杨丽梅, 方智远, 等.十字花科植物中主要硫代葡萄糖苷合成与调节基因的研究进展[J].中国蔬菜, 2010(12): 1-6. CHENG Kun, YANG Limei, FANG Zhiyuan, et al. Research progress on regulation and synthesis genes on glucosinolates biosynthesis in crucifer [J]. China Veg, 2010(12): 1-6. [13] GRUBB C D, ABEL S. Glucosinolate metabolism and its control [J]. Trends Plant Sci, 2006, 11(2): 89-100. [14] ZANG Yunxiang, KIM H U, KIM J A, et al. Genome-wide identification of glucosinolate synthesis genes in Brassica rapa [J]. FEBS J, 2009, 276(13): 3559-3574. [15] 张园园. 油菜和拟南芥中几个硫代葡萄糖苷合成及调控基因的功能分析[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2015. ZHANG Yuanyuan. Function Analyses of Several Genes Involved in Biosynthesis and Regulation of Glucosinolate in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2015. [16] 吴宇, 高蕾, 曹民杰, 等.植物硫营养代谢、调控与生物学功能[J].植物学通报, 2007, 24(6): 735-761. WU Yu, GAO Lei, CAO Minjie, et al. Plant sulfur metablism, regulation, and bidogical functions [J]. Chin Bull Bot, 2007, 24(6): 735-761. [17] SØNDERBY I E, GEUFLORES F, HALKIER B A. Biosynthesis of glucosinolates-gene discovery and beyond [J]. Trends Plant Sci, 2010, 15(5): 283-290. [18] 段喜华, 唐中华, 郭晓瑞.植物谷胱甘肽的生物合成及其生物学功能[J].植物研究, 2010, 30(1): 98-105. DUAN Xihua, TANG Zhonghua, GUO Xiaorui. Biosynthesis and function of glutathione in plant [J]. Bull Bot Res, 2010, 30(1): 98-105. [19] 闫慧芳, 毛培胜, 夏方山.植物抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽研究进展[J].草地学报, 2013, 21(3): 428-434. YAN Huifang, MAO Peisheng, XIA Fangshan. Research progress in plant antioxidant glutathione (review) [J]. Acta Agrest Sin, 2013, 21(3): 428-434. [20] 单长卷, 代海芳.外源谷胱甘肽对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片生理特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35(1): 59-62. SHAN Changjuan, DAI Haifang. Effect of exogenous glutathione on leaf physiological properties of maize seedlings under drought stress [J]. J Irrig Drain, 2016, 35(1): 59-62. [21] SHANKAR V, THEKKEETTIL V, SHARMA G, et al. Alleviation of heavy metal stress in Spilanthes calva L.(antimalarial herb) by exogenous application of glutathione [J]. In Vitro Cell Develop Biol-Plant, 2012, 48(1): 113-119. [22] WU Zhichao, ZHAO Xiaohu, SUN Xuecheng, et al. Antioxidant enzyme systems and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle as contributing factors to cadmium accumulation and tolerance in two oilseed rape cultivars (Brassica napus L.) under moderate cadmium stress [J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 138: 526-536. [23] JOZEFCZAK M, KEUNEN E, SCHAT H, et al. Differential response of Arabidopsis leaves and roots to cadmium: glutathione-related chelating capacity vs antioxidant capacity [J]. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2014, 83: 1-9. [24] MOSTOFA M G, SERAJ Z I, FUJITA M. Exogenous sodium nitroprusside and glutathione alleviate copper toxicity by reducing copper uptake and oxidative damage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings [J]. Protoplasma, 2014, 251(6): 1373-1386. [25] NAHAR K, HASANUZZA M, ALAM M M, et al. Roles of exogenous glutathione in antioxidant defense system and methylglyoxal detoxification during salt stress in mung bean [J]. Biol Plant, 2015, 59(4): 745-756. [26] BOURANIS D L, CHORIANOPOULOU S N, NOCITO F F, et al. The crucial role of sulfur in a phytoremediation process lessons from the poaceae species as phytoremediats: a review[G]// KATSIFARAKIS K L, THEODOSSIOU N, CHRISTODOULATOS C, et al. Protection and Restoration of the Environment XI. Thessaloniki: [n. s. ], 2012: 634-643. [27] COBBETT C S, MAY M J, HOWDEN R, et al. The glutathione-deficient, cadmium-sensitive mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis thalianais deficient in γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase [J]. Plant J Cell Mol Biol, 1998, 16(1): 73-78. [28] SCHLAEPPI K, BODENHAUSEN N, BUCHALA A, et al. The glutathione-deficient mutant pad2-1 accumulates lower amounts of glucosinolates and is more susceptible to the insect herbivore Spodoptera littoralis [J]. Plant J Cell Mol Biol, 2008, 55(5): 774-786. [29] GEUFLORES F, NIELSEN M T, NAFISI M, et al. Glucosinolate engineering identifies a γ-glutamyl peptidase [J]. Nat Chem Biol, 2009, 5(8): 575-577. [30] BEDNAREK P. Sulfur-containing secondary metabolites from Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassicaceae with function in plant immunity [J]. Chem Biol Chem, 2012, 13(13): 1846-1859. [31] GEUFLORES F, MOLDRUP M E, BÖTTCHER C, et al. Cytosolic γ-glutamyl peptidases process glutathione conjugates in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates and camalexin in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Cell, 2011, 23(6): 2456-2469. [32] 李国强, 朱云集, 沈学善.植物硫素同化途径及其调控[J].植物生理学通讯, 2005, 41(6): 699-704. LI Guoqiang, ZHU Yunji, SHEN Xueshan. Plant sulphur assimilation pathways and its regulation [J]. Plant Physiol Commun, 2005, 41(6): 699-704. [33] PIOTROWSKI M, SCHEMENEWITZ A, LOPUKHINA A, et al. Desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana catalyze the final step in the biosynthesis of the glucosinolate core structure [J]. J Biol Chem, 2004, 279(49): 50717-50725. [34] MUGFORD S G, LEE B R, KOPRIVOVA A, et al. Control of sulfur partitioning between primary and secondary metabolism [J]. Plant J Cell Mol Biol, 2011, 65(1): 96-105. [35] KLIEN M, REICHELT M, GERSHENZON J, et al. The three desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase proteins in Arabidopsis have different substrate specificities and are differentially expressed [J]. FEBS J, 2006, 273(1): 122-136. [36] MUGFORD S G, YOSHIMOTO N, REICHELT M, et al. Disruption of adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate kinase in Arabidopsis reduces levels of sulfated secondary metabolites [J]. Plant Cell, 2009, 21(3): 910-927. [37] BOHRER A S, KOPRIVA S, TAKAHASHI H. Plastid-cytosol partitioning and integration of metabolic pathways for APS/PAPS biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2015, 5: 751. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00751. [38] CALDERWOOD A, MORRIS R J, KOPRIVA S. Predictive sulfur metabolism: a field in flux [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2014, 5: 646. doi:org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00646. [39] 孟赐福, 姜培坤, 曹志洪, 等.植物体内硫的运输与同化的研究进展[J].浙江农业学报, 2011, 23(2): 427-432. MENG Cifu, JIANG Peikun, CAO Zhihong, et al. Recent progess on transport assimilation of sulfur in plants [J]. Acta Agric Zhejiang, 2011, 23(2): 427-432. [40] 苗慧莹. 葡萄糖和植物激素协同调控十字花科植物中芥子油苷生物合成的机制研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2015. MIAO Huiying. Glucose and Plant Hormones Synergetically Modulate Glucosinolates Biosynthesis in Crucifera Plants[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2015 [41] 朱凤羽, 陈亚州, 阎秀峰.植物芥子油苷代谢与硫营养[J].植物生理学通讯, 2007, 43(6): 1189-1194. ZHU Fengyu, CHEN Yazhou, YAN Xiufeng. Plant glucosinolate metabolism and sulfur nutrition [J]. Plant Physiol Commun, 2007, 43(6): 1189-1194. [42] HUSEBY S, KOPRIVOVA A, LEE B R, et al. Diurnal and light regulation of sulphur assimilation and glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis [J]. J Exp Bot, 2013, 64(4): 1039-1048. -
链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.01.022
计量
- 文章访问数: 4247
- HTML全文浏览量: 1085
- PDF下载量: 548
- 被引次数: 0