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长江流域是指长江干流和支流流经的广大区域,横跨中国东部、中部和西部三大经济区,共19个省、市和自治区,是世界第三大流域,流域总面积180万km2,占中国国土面积的18.8%。长江流域具有丰富的自然资源,依托长江黄金水道,孕育了发达的长江经济带。长江经济带拥有珍贵的岸线资源。长江岸线是口岸、产业及城镇布局的重要载体,而河岸植被缓冲带是长江流域的生态屏障和污染物入江的最后防线,不仅生物多样性丰富,生态系统服务功能价值高,而且是修复和建设长江绿色生态廊道的关键所在[1]。河岸植被缓冲带是流域保护的一项重要措施。国外的研究主要集中在河岸带生态恢复、河岸植被演替、河岸缓冲带对氮磷的净化机制、土地利用对河岸带的影响、河岸带管理和河岸缓冲带模拟研究等方面[2-6]。中国对河岸植被缓冲带的研究起步较晚,截至目前主要对河岸植被缓冲带的生态功能、截污效果、退化河岸带的生态修复,以及河岸带生态系统管理等方面[7-10]进行了研究,但大部分研究局限于定性介绍和小尺度的定位研究,缺乏流域尺度系统性的定量研究。本研究对长江流域河岸植被缓冲带的主要生态功能进行了研究,分析了目前长江流域河岸植被缓冲带面临的影响因素,并提出了植被缓冲带构建技术,以期为长江流域河岸植被缓冲带的构建技术提供科学依据,对长江经济带社会经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。
Research progress on ecological function and construction technology of riparian vegetation buffer strips in the Yangtze River Basin
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摘要: 长江流域河岸植被缓冲带是河岸生态系统的重要组成部分,对长江流域污染防治和生态环境建设具有重要影响。综述了河岸植被缓冲带的主要生态功能,分析了长江流域河岸植被缓冲带面临的环境影响因素,阐述了河岸植被缓冲带构建技术,并对未来研究提出展望。河岸植被缓冲带的主要生态功能为缓洪护岸、截污净化和保护生物多样性等。目前,长江流域河岸植被缓冲带面临的主要影响因素为外来物种入侵、大量硬质工程建设和农业、工业发展带来的污染物排放等。长江流域河岸植被缓冲带的构建技术应根据不同河岸带的特点和功能来确定,并加强对河岸植被缓冲带的管理。未来研究应集中于:①开展河岸植被缓冲带遮阴效应的过程及机制研究,根据遮阴效应的研究结果,讨论遮阴的利弊问题,以及遮阴效应与缓冲极端气候的联系。②开展极端气候条件下生态功能研究,利用模型模拟极端气候条件下(暴雨、干旱等)河岸植被缓冲带的截留减污效应,为植被缓冲带的构建提供参考依据。③开展景观和流域尺度研究,结合遥感影像和各气象站点数据,从景观和流域尺度研究自然和人为活动对河岸植被缓冲带生态过程和生态功能的影响,探讨河岸植被缓冲带综合治理和管理模式。④建立植被缓冲带综合评价体系,应用数字化手段对河岸植被缓冲带实时监控,结合野外观察和采样分析,综合评价河岸植被缓冲带的结构和生态功能。参43Abstract: The riparian vegetation buffer strip in the Yangtze River Basin is an important part of the riparian ecosystem and has an important impact on pollution prevention and ecological environment construction in the Yangtze River Basin. The paper summarized the main ecological functions of the riparian vegetation buffer strips, analyzed the environmental impact factors faced by the riparian vegetation buffer strips in the Yangtze River Basin, expounded the construction technology of the riparian vegetation buffer strips, and proposed prospects for future research. The main ecological functions of the riparian vegetation buffer strips were flood mitigation and revetment, sewage interception and purification, and biological diversity protection. At present, the main influencing factors facing the riparian vegetation buffer strips in the Yangtze River Basin were the invasion of alien species, the construction of a large number of hard engineering projects, and pollutant emission caused by agricultural and industrial development. The construction technology of the riparian vegetation buffer strips in the Yangtze River Basin should be determined according to the characteristics and functions of different riparian strips, and the management of the riparian vegetation buffer strips should be strengthened. Future research should focus on the following aspects: (1) Research on the process and mechanism of the shading effect of riparian vegetation buffer strips. Based on the research results of the shading effect, the advantages and disadvantages of shading and the relationship between shading effect and buffering extreme climate are discussed. (2) Ecological function research under extreme climatic conditions. Models are used to simulate the interception and pollution reduction effects of riparian vegetation buffer strips under extreme climatic conditions (rainstorm, drought, etc.), so as to provide a reference for the construction of vegetation buffer strips. (3) Landscape and watershed scale study. With the help of remote sensing images and data from various meteorological stations, the impact of natural and human activities on the ecological processes and ecological functions of the riparian vegetation buffer strips is studied from landscape and watershed scale in order to explore the comprehensive treatment and management model of riparian vegetation buffer strips. (4) Establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the vegetation buffer strips. The structure and ecological function of the riparian vegetation buffer strips are comprehensively evaluated by real-time monitoring of the riparian vegetation buffer strips with the help of digital means, combined with field observation and sample analysis. [Ch, 43 ref.]
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Key words:
- Yangtze River Basin /
- riparian /
- vegetation buffer strip /
- ecological function /
- construction technology
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