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自然界许多生物能对环境变化做出反应,改变自身的颜色,这种颜色被称为结构色[1−2],是由光子晶体的微结构周期性排列,通过光干涉效应产生的[3]。这种根据环境产生颜色的功能可用于智能材料的开发,在防伪商标[4]、化学传感[5]和生物技术[6]等领域具有广阔的应用潜力。纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)可由木质纤维素经强酸水解法、酶水解法、磷酸水热法和2, 2, 6, 6 -四甲基哌啶氧化物(TEMPO)氧化法等[7]方法获得,具有精细的纳米结构、丰富的表面活性基团、优异的力学性能以及可再生和降解的特点[8−9],是一种重要的生物基纳米材料。CNC悬浮液达到某一临界浓度时,会自发进行有序排列,形成手性向列相液晶结构[10]。通过溶剂蒸发的方法制备CNC薄膜,手性向列相结构得以保留。随着溶剂的蒸发,CNC的浓度逐渐增大,螺距减小,最大反射光波长(λmax)蓝移至可见光范围,赋予薄膜结构色[11],因此,CNC是一种生物质光子晶体材料,成为近期的研究热点。
CNC光子材料的螺距会随环境湿度变化,从而影响其光学性质及结构色,具有湿度敏感性[12−15]。纯CNC液晶薄膜,由于CNC的刚性,非常脆,还存在薄膜湿度灵敏度低,结构色变化不均匀的缺点。为了提高CNC液晶薄膜的韧性,YOUSSEF等[16]将聚乙二醇(PEG)和CNC自组装,形成了具有均匀结构色且柔性的复合膜,在不同的湿度条件下,复合膜的结构色发生可逆均匀改变,由于PEG与CNC良好的相容性,在提升液晶薄膜韧性的基础上,PEG还提升了薄膜的湿度敏感性。研究者们向CNC体系中引入水溶性聚合物,如PEG[12]、聚乙烯醇(PVA)[17]、水性聚氨酯(WPU)[18]等,研究复合CNC液晶薄膜力学和湿度响应行为。
目前针对CNC复合薄膜湿度响应方面的研究主要关注于湿度-结构-变色之间的构效关系,对CNC复合薄膜湿度响应速度和重复性研究不够深入,因此,本研究以CNC为原料,通过将PEG与CNC共组装,制备具有手性向列结构的虹彩色PEG/CNC复合液晶薄膜,系统考察PEG质量分数对复合液晶薄膜的微观结构、显色、力学性能以及吸湿行为的影响,通过饱和电解质溶液控制环境湿度,重点考察复合薄膜在不同湿度下的吸湿-解湿过程和性能变化,阐明PEG/CNC复合薄膜湿度响应机制,为制备低成本、可重复使用和高灵敏度的PEG/CNC复合薄膜湿度传感器提供理论基础。
Microstructure and humidity response of polyethylene glycol/cellulose nanocrystal composite liquid crystal films
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摘要:
目的 探索聚乙二醇(PEG)对纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)液晶薄膜湿度响应的影响,阐明其响应机制,旨在为开发低成本、可重复使用和高灵敏度的PEG/CNC复合薄膜湿度传感器提供理论基础。 方法 将CNC与PEG共组装,制备了一种具有湿度响应性能的虹彩色手性向列相光子液晶薄膜,系统考察了PEG质量分数对液晶薄膜的微观结构、显色、力学性能及湿度响应的影响,在此基础上,研究了PEG/CNC复合液晶薄膜在不同湿度条件下的响应循环性能。 结果 对于纯CNC体系,CNC质量分数由3%增加到7%,CNC液晶薄膜的螺距减小,最大反射光波长由596.5 nm蓝移至511.0 nm;对于添加PEG的CNC体系,随着PEG质量分数的增加,PEG/CNC复合液晶薄膜的螺距由394.0 nm减小到244.0 nm,最大反射光波长由613.5 nm蓝移至350.5 nm,韧性先提升后下降,PEG质量分数为5%时为最佳,断裂能为31.9 J·m−2,较纯CNC薄膜提升了138%;液晶薄膜经过5次吸湿-解湿,表现出良好的湿度响应重复性,平衡波长的变化率小于0.6%。 结论 制备了一种对湿度具有敏感响应的虹彩色光子PEG/CNC复合液晶薄膜,PEG可以调控复合薄膜螺距,起到调节结构色的作用。图6参25 Abstract:Objective Cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) liquid crystal film, as a kind of photonic crystal with special optical properties, has a promising prospect in the fields of anti-counterfeiting technology, photoelectric functional materials and humidity responsive functional materials. This study, with an exploration of the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the humidity response of CNC liquid crystal films, is aimed to explain its response mechanism to provide a theoretical basis for the development of low-cost, reusable and highly sensitive PEG/CNC composite film humidity sensors. Method The chiral nematic photonic liquid crystal films with humidity response were prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly of PEG/CNC suspension, and the effects of PEG content on the microstructure, color evolution, mechanical properties and humidity response of the PEG/CNC films were investigated. Then, the cyclic properties of PEG/CNC liquid crystal films under different humidity conditions were studied. Result For pure CNC film system, with the increase of CNC content from 3% to 7%, the pitch of CNC liquid crystal film decreased, and the maximum wavelength of reflected light shifted from 596.5 nm to 511.0 nm. For PEG/CNC films, with the increase of PEG content, the pitch of PEG/CNC composite liquid crystal film decreased from 394.0 nm to 244.0 nm while the maximum wavelength of reflected light moved from 613.5 nm to 350.5 nm. The toughness increased first and then decreased, the optimal PEG addition amount was 5%, the breaking energy was 31.9 J·m−2 which was 138% higher than that of pure CNC film. After 5 hygroscopic and dehumidifying experiments, the PEG/CNC film showed good humidity response repeatability with the change rate of the equilibrium wavelength being lower than 0.6%. Conclusion An iridescent photonic PEG/CNC liquid crystal film for humidity sensing were prepared, and it was found that PEG can regulate the structural colour by modulate the pitch of the composite film. [Ch, 6 fig. 25 ref.] -
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20230236