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水是陆生昆虫赖以生存和繁衍的重要资源,昆虫体内营养物质、代谢物质的传输及合成,以及各种生化反应的正常进行都需要水环境[1-2]。然而,在炎热干燥的环境中,一些陆生昆虫因其相对较大的体表面积面临着大量失水的威胁[3-5]。昆虫往往通过选择湿润阴凉的环境躲避以减少水分损失[4],或寻找水源通过吸食行为来补充水分[6-7]。观察发现:炎热环境中大量蝶、蛾类鳞翅目Lepidoptera昆虫常聚集于湿泥沙、浅水、动物粪便或腐烂尸体上吸食,如沙加缅都格纹蛱蝶Euphydryas editha bayensis,蓝蛱蝶Phaedusa bensoni及黑脉金斑蝶Danaus plexippus等蝶类均有群集吸水的习性[8-9]。学者将此现象称为“趋泥”(mud-puddling)行为,并推论补充水分可能是激发昆虫趋泥行为的重要原因[10-11]。黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu属于直翅目Orthoptera网翅蝗科Arcypteridae竹蝗亚科Ceracrinae竹蝗属Ceracris,是中国南方最为重要的森林害虫之一[12]。观察发现黄脊竹蝗成虫在夏天嗜食人尿,具有明显的趋尿行为[13-14],黄脊竹蝗成虫对氯化钠、碳酸氢铵等物质有明显的趋性[15-16],利用毒尿或毒饵诱杀黄脊竹蝗已成为控制竹蝗重要的技术手段[14, 17]。研究发现,高温条件下黄脊竹蝗对水分有明显的偏好,在干滤纸和湿滤纸间明显偏好湿滤纸[5],水在黄脊竹蝗趋泥行为中发挥着重要作用[14, 16]。但黄脊竹蝗趋泥行为的发生与环境温度、湿度、体内含水率关系如何,一天中人尿对黄脊竹蝗的引诱作用何时最强等一系列问题均未有过研究。本研究利用自制的录像系统研究了黄脊竹蝗趋尿行为与环境温度、湿度、体内含水率的关系,同时测定了不同时段发酵人尿对黄脊竹蝗的诱杀作用,旨在明确环境温湿度对黄脊竹蝗“趋尿行为”的影响,为揭示水在昆虫趋泥行为中的作用提供依据,也为黄脊竹蝗人尿诱杀技术的林间应用提供支撑。
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