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高等植物成花受到自身遗传因素和外界环境因素的共同影响[1-2]。当植物完成成花诱导,花器官原基开始分化,逐渐形成花萼、花瓣、雄蕊和心皮等组织。在这期间,植物的茎尖分生组织形态发生了很大的变化,同时成花素FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)的表达量显著增加并参与调控花芽分化[3]。在模式植物拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana以及许多物种中已经证实,FT可以通过激活花芽分化组织特异性基因AP1(APETALA1)的表达促使植物完成开花进程[4]。过表达AP1基因,不论在长、短日照下拟南芥都会出现早花表型[5],其突变体ap1则出现明显的晚花表型[6]。在茎尖分生组织,AP1基因不仅在植物成花诱导的调控网络中起核心作用,而且也决定花器官的形成。AP1基因是植物ABCDE分化模型中的A类基因,控制第一轮花萼和第二轮花被片组织的形成[7],同时AP1也调控SEP3(SEPALLATA3)与LFY(LEAFY)基因的表达,促进花萼和花瓣的分化[8-9]。另外在拟南芥ap1突变体研究中发现,AP1突变会引起花器官的异常发育,如花萼发育成叶片、花瓣缺失等[10-11]。人们已从多种观赏植物中分离得到了AP1基因,并且对多个物种的AP1基因进行了功能验证和分析。超表达AP1及其同源基因都能促进开花,在拟南芥中异源表达百合Lilium longiflorum,蝴蝶兰Phalaenopsis aphrodite以及山茶Camellia japonica的AP1同源基因都能引起早花现象[12-14]。同时,在拟南芥AP1突变体中异源表达百合,枇杷Eriobotrya japonica以及麻疯树Jatropha curcas中的AP1基因,都可以回补其突变体花器官缺陷的性状[12, 15-16]。桂花Osmanthus fragrans是中国十大传统名花之一,也是常见的园林绿化树种。按照开花习性不同,可分为秋桂和四季桂,秋桂仅在每年秋季开花,花序常为无总梗的聚伞花序[17];关于其成花过程以及花芽分化和发育报道较少。木本植物桂花成花的机制与草本植物拟南芥等有一定差异。为深入了解桂花的成花机制,有必要分离成花相关基因并展开相关研究。本研究以秋桂品种‘堰虹桂’Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yanhonggui’为材料,克隆桂花AP1基因(OfAP1),并对其序列进行生物信息学分析,同时运用荧光定量对其组织和时空表达进行分析,以明确OfAP1基因的基本特征和表达模式,为今后桂花的开花分子机理研究提供科学依据。
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