Volume 37 Issue 4
Jul.  2020
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents

WANG Bo, ZHOU Zhiyong, ZHANG Huan, ZHU Yong, CAO Yusong, ZHAO Hongtao. Effect of Larix gmelinii proportion on soil chemical properties and enzymatic stoichiometry in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(4): 611-622. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190525
Citation: WANG Bo, ZHOU Zhiyong, ZHANG Huan, ZHU Yong, CAO Yusong, ZHAO Hongtao. Effect of Larix gmelinii proportion on soil chemical properties and enzymatic stoichiometry in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(4): 611-622. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190525

Effect of Larix gmelinii proportion on soil chemical properties and enzymatic stoichiometry in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190525
  • Received Date: 2019-09-06
  • Rev Recd Date: 2020-02-14
  • Available Online: 2020-07-21
  • Publish Date: 2020-07-21
  •   Objective  The objective of this research is to study the chemical properties and enzyme stoichiometry of soil under different proportions of Larix gmelinii forests.  Method  The investigated L. gmelinii forests were classified into six groups according to its volume proportion in the community (70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%), and its soil samples were monitored for the nutrient content and biochemical properties in 0−5 cm soil layers and 5−20 cm soil layers.  Result  Among the five enzymes analyzed, the activity of acid phosphatase was the highest, and the mean value of 0−5 and 5−20 cm soil layers were 463.74 and 312.91 nmol·g−1·h−1. In 0−5 cm soil layer, the activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) was promoted by the increase of L. gmelinii proportion, and the leucine aminopeptidase activity of L. gmelinii community with 95% proportion significantly increased by 57.44% and 59.40%, compared with that of L. gmelinii community with 75% and 85% proportion. The proportion of L. gmelinii in the community also affected the chemometric characteristics of soil enzymes. When the proportion of L. gmelinii reached 95% in 5−20 cm soil layer, the ratio of nitrogen-acquiring enzyme to phosphorus-acquiring enzyme was much higher than that of L. gmelinii communities with the proportion of 80% and 85% (P95%-80%=0.02, P95%-85%=0.02). However, the ratio of carbon-acquiring enzyme to nitrogen-acquiring enzymewas lowest in forest community with 95% proportion of L. gmelinii. There existed a complex correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content, which also changed with the increase of soil depth. In 0−5 cm soil layer, soil pH negatively correlated with the activities of glucosidase (BG), and acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) (PpH-BG=0.01, PpH-NAG=0.03). In the 5−20 cm soil layer, there existed a positive correlation between soil total nitrogen (TN) content and the activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and NAG (PLAP-TN=0.02, PNAG-TN=2×10−4), and a negative correlation between acid or alkaline phosphatase (AP) and soil total phosphorus (TP) content (PAP-TP=0.02). Through the redundancy analysis of the above variables, it was found that the enzymatic stoichiometry was greatly influenced by soil pH in 0−5 cm layer, while in 5−20 cm layer it was mainly affected by the mass fraction of soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen.  Conclusion  The proportion of L. gmelinii in the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest in warm temperate zone is an important biological factor for regulating soil nutrient dynamics, and its regulation largely relies on the activity and stoichiometric characteristics of soil enzymes. [Ch, 4 fig. 4 tab. 41 ref.]
  • [1] PAN Lixia, JIANG Zhenhui, ZHANG Wenyi, ZHOU Jiashu, LIU Juan, CAI Yanjiang, LI Yongfu.  Effects of straw and its biochar application on soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and N cycling related enzyme activities in a Phyllostachys edulis forest . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2024, 41(1): 1-11. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20230388
    [2] YAN Guzhe, FANG Wei, LU Luotian, JIANG Yijie, ZHANG Xiao, MA Xiaomin, QIU Wei, XU Qiufang.  Differential response of soil enzyme activity to continuous cropping of different plants . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(3): 520-530. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220494
    [3] SUI Xiran, WU Lifang, WANG Yan, WANG Ziquan, XIAO Yuxin, LIU Yungen, YANG Bo.  Characteristics of nutrient and enzyme activity in soil aggregates of different rocky desertification levels in central Yunnan Plateau . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2022, 39(1): 115-126. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210168
    [4] JIANG Shikun, ZHOU Yunchao, TAN Wei, CHEN Zhu, HUANG Jianfeng.  Soil fertility of Pinus massoniana forests under different near-natural management measures . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(5): 876-882. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190549
    [5] FANG Wei, YU Xiao, WANG Jing, XU Qiufang, LIANG Chenfei, QIN Hua, CHEN Junhui.  Effects of applying limestone powder and microbial fertilizer on soil chemical properties and microbial community in the diseased Carya cathayensis woodland . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(2): 273-283. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2020.02.011
    [6] HE Shan, LIU Juan, JIANG Peikun, ZHOU Guomo, WANG Huilai, LI Yongfu, WU Jiasen.  Effects of forest management on soil organic carbon pool: a review . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2019, 36(4): 818-827. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.04.023
    [7] YAO Lan, ZHANG Huanchao, HU Lihuang, WANG Genmei, FANG Yanming.  Soil labile organic carbon and nitrogen and their relationship with enzyme activities in different vegetation zones along an altitudinal gradient on Mount Huangshan . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2019, 36(6): 1069-1076. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.06.003
    [8] ZHU Wankuan, CHEN Shaoxiong, Roger ARNOLD, WANG Zhichao, XU Yuxing, DU Apeng.  Temporal and spatial dynamics of soil respiration and influencing factors in Eucalyptus plantations . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(3): 412-421. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.03.004
    [9] XU Yuxing, WANG Zhichao, ZHU Wankuan, DU Apeng.  Ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil C, N, P, and K in three types of plantations on the Leizhou Peninsula . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(1): 35-42. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.01.005
    [10] LIU Xiaoxiao, DAI Wei, DAI Aona.  Soil enzyme activity and their kinetics in broadleaf forests of Beijing mountainous areas . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(5): 794-801. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.05.002
    [11] ZHANG Hongqin, ZANG Xiaolin, CAI Zhoufei, CHENG Luyun, MA Yuandan, Baoyintaogetao, ZHANG Rumin, GAO Yan.  Effects of grazing intensity on soil microbial flora and soil enzyme activities in the Artemisia frigida rhizosphere . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2017, 34(4): 679-686. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.04.014
    [12] ZHU Renhuan, LI Wei, ZHENG Zicheng, LI Tingxuan, HONG Yue, HE Qiujia, TIAN Zongqu.  Ecological stoichiometry of soil C, N, and P for returning farmland to tea plantations . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2016, 33(4): 612-619. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2016.04.009
    [13] SUN Pengyue, XU Fuli, WANG Weiling, WANG Lingling, NIU Ruilong, GAO Xing, BAI Xiaofang.  Seasonal dynamics of soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2016, 33(6): 944-952. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2016.06.004
    [14] GUO Shuai, XU Qiufang, SHEN Zhenming, LI Songhao, QIN Hua, LI Yongchun.  Response of soil ammonia-oxidizing organisms on fertilization and mulch in Phyllostachys violascens stands . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2014, 31(3): 343-351. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2014.03.003
    [15] WU Qifeng, XU Qiaofeng, QIN Hua, ZHANG Jinlin, QIAN Ma, QIAN Jiawen.  Effects of calcium cyanamide on soil microbial properties of intensively managed Phyllostachys violascens stands . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2014, 31(3): 352-357. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2014.03.004
    [16] WANG Junlong, WANG Dan, YU Fei, SHEN Weidong, ZOU Cuicui, ZHANG Rumin, HOU Ping.  Enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil of Cryptomeria fortunei seedlings with simulated acid rain and litter . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2014, 31(3): 373-379. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2014.03.007
    [17] YE Ling-yan, FU Wei-jun, JIANG Pei-kun, LI Yong-fu, ZHANG Guo-jiang, DU Qun.  Spatial variation of basic chemical properties and organic carbon storage for forest top-soil in Zhejiang Province . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2012, 29(6): 803-810. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2012.06.001
    [18] YE Geng-ping, LIU Juan, JIANG Pei-kun, ZHOU Guo-mo, WU Jiao-sen.  Soil respiration during the growing season with intensive management of Phyllostachys pubescens . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2011, 28(1): 18-25. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2011.01.004
    [19] JIANG Hai-yan, YAN Wei.  Distribution of soil microorganism in Larix gmelinii forests of the Great Xing’an Mountains,Inner Mongolia . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2010, 27(2): 228-232. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.02.011
    [20] LI Zheng-cai, FUMao-yi, YANG Xiao-sheng.  Review on effects of management disturbance on forest soil organic carbon . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2005, 22(4): 469-474.
  • [1]
    ZENG Fanpeng, CHI Guangyu, CHEN Xin, et al. The stoichiometric characteristics of C, N and P in soil and root of larch (Larix spp.) plantation at different stand ages in mountainous region of eastern Liaoning Province, China [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2016, 35(7): 1819 − 1825.
    [2]
    MEI Li, ZHANG Zhuowen, GU Jiacun, et al. Carbon and nitrogen storages and allocation in tree layers of Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii plantations [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2009, 20(8): 1791 − 1796.
    [3]
    JI Wenjing, CHENG Xiaoqin, HAN Hairong, et al. The biomass and nutrient distribution in Larix principis-ruppechtii Magyr plantations at different forest age [J]. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 2016, 22(2): 277 − 284.
    [4]
    TANG Shishan, YANG Wanqin, YIN Rui, et al. Spatial characteristics in decomposition rate of foliar litter and controlling factors in Chinese forest ecosystems [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(6): 529 − 539.
    [5]
    PAN Jianping, WANG Huazhang, YANG Xiuqin. Research state and advance on soil degradation under Larch plantations [J]. J Northeast For Univ, 1997, 25(2): 59 − 63.
    [6]
    WANG Lide, WANG Fanglin, GUO Chunxiu, et al. Review: progress of soil enzymology [J]. Soils, 2016, 48(1): 12 − 21.
    [7]
    CAO Hui, SUN Hui, YANG Hao, et al. A review soil enzyme activity and its indication for soil quality [J]. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 2003, 9(1): 105 − 109.
    [8]
    PAZ-FERREIRO J, FU Shenglei, MWNDEZ A, et al. Interactive effects of biochar and the earthworm pontoscolex corethrurus on plant productivity and soil enzyme activities [J]. J Soil Sediment, 2014, 14(3): 483 − 494.
    [9]
    LIU Jiebao, CHEN Guangshui, GUO Jianfen, et al. Advances in research on the responses of forest soil enzymes to environmental change [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2017, 37(1): 110 − 117.
    [10]
    HILL B H, ELONEN C M, SEIFERT L R, et al. Microbial enzyme stoichiometry and nutrient limitation in US streams and rivers [J]. Ecol Indic, 2012, 18: 540 − 551.
    [11]
    OLANDER L P, VITOUSEK P M. Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activityby N and P availability [J]. Biogeochemistry, 2000, 49(2): 175 − 191.
    [12]
    SINSABAUGH R L, HILL B H, SHAH J J F. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment [J]. Nature, 2009, 462: 795 − 798.
    [13]
    WU Xiuzhi, YAN Xin, WANG Bo, et al. Effects of desertification on the C∶N∶P stoichiometry of soil, microbes, and extracellular enzymes in a desert grassland [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(10): 1022 − 1032.
    [14]
    YUAN Ping, ZHOU Jiacong, ZHANG Qiufang, et al. Patterns of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry in midsubtropical forest regeneration [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2018, 38(18): 6741 − 6748.
    [15]
    NIU Ruilong, GAO Xing, XU Fuli, et al. Carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus stoichiometric characteristics of soil and leaves from young and middle aged Larix principis-rupprechtii growing in a Qinling Mountain plantation [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2016, 36(22): 7384 − 7392.
    [16]
    ALLISON S D, VITOUSEK P M. Responses of extracellular enzymes to simple and complex nutrient inputs [J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2004, 37(5): 937 − 944.
    [17]
    NIU Xiaoyun, SUN Xiaomei, CHEN Dongsheng, et al. Soil microorganisms,nutrients and enzyme activity of Larix kaempferi plantation under different ages in mountainous region of eastern Liaoning Province,China [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2015, 26(9): 2663 − 2672.
    [18]
    LIU Xin, PENG Daoli, QIU Xincai. Differences in soil physicochemical properties between different forest types of Larix principis-rupprechtii [J]. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 2018, 24(4): 735 − 743.
    [19]
    CHEN Guangcheng, GAO Min, PANG Bopeng, et al. Top-meter soil organic carbon stocks and sources in restored mangrove forests of different ages [J]. For Ecol Manage, 2018, 422: 87 − 94.
    [20]
    WEI Shengzhao, LI Lin, LUO Xiao, et al. Soil enzyme activities and their relationships to soil physicochemical properties in different successive rotation plantations of Eucalyptus grandis [J]. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 2019, 25(6): 1312 − 1318.
    [21]
    DENG Jiaojiao, ZHOU Yongbin, YIN You, et al. Effects of mixed Pinus tabuliformis and Quercus mongolica plantation on the functional diversity of soil microbial community [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2017, 36(11): 3028 − 3035.
    [22]
    LIU Xujun, TIAN Huixia, CHENG Xiaoqin, et al. Effects of litter manipulation on soil phosphorus fractions in Larix principis-rupprechtii conifer and broadleaved forests at different ages [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2019, 38(10): 3024 − 3032.
    [23]
    ZHANG Xue. Study on Forest Resources Change and Development Countermeasures of Genhe Forest Bureau[D]. Huhehaote: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2018.
    [24]
    SUN Haibin, WANG Meilian, ZHANG Hongxing, et al. Correlation analysis betweeb forest fire and meteorological elements in daxinganling mountain [J]. J Inn Mong Agric Univ, 2012, 33(5/6): 87 − 90.
    [25]
    SAIYAA-CORK K R, SINSABAUGH R L, ZAK D R. The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest soil [J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2002, 34(9): 1309 − 1315.
    [27]
    VANCE E D, BROOKES P C, JENKINSON D S. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C [J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 1987, 19(6): 703 − 707.
    [28]
    QIAO Hang, MO Xiaoqin, LUO Yanhua, et al. Patterns of soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and its influencing factors during stand development in Camellia oleifera plantations [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2019, 39(6): 1887 − 1896.
    [29]
    SHI Jun, LIU Jiyuan, GAO Zhiqiang, et al. A review on the influence of afforestation on soil carbon storage [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2005, 24(4): 410 − 416.
    [30]
    WEI Xiaorong, SHAO Ming’ an. Distribution characteristics of soil pH, CEC and organic matter in a small watershed of the Loess Plateau [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2009, 20(11): 2710 − 2715.
    [31]
    MOLLA M A Z, CHOWDHURY A A, ISLAM A, et al. Microbial mineralization of organic phosphate in soil [J]. Plant Soil, 1984, 78(3): 393 − 399.
    [32]
    ALLISON V J, CONDRON L M, PELTZER D A, et al. Changes in enzyme activities and soil microbial community composition along carbon and nutrient gradients at the Franz Josef chronosequence, New Zealand [J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2007, 39(7): 1770 − 1781.
    [33]
    CHEN Lixin, DUAN Wenbiao, QIAO Lu. Study on nutrition characteristics and acidity in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils in Larch plantations [J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2011, 25(3): 131 − 135.
    [34]
    ZHANG Lixin, DUAN Yuxi, WANG Bo, et al. Characteristics of soil microorganisms and soil nutrients in different sand-fixation shrub plantations in Kubuqi Desert [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2017, 28(12): 3871 − 3880.
    [35]
    ZHAO Na, MENG Ping, ZHANG Jingsong, et al. Soil quality assessment of Robinia psedudoacia plantations with various ages in the Grain-for-Green Program in hilly area of North China [J]. Chin JAppl Ecol, 2014, 25(2): 351 − 358.
    [36]
    DUAN Yili, LI Jixia, JIANG Qiang, et al. Soil microbial carbon metabolism and enzyme activity of Larix olgensis along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain, Northeast China [J]. Ecol Environ Sci, 2019, 28(4): 652 − 660.
    [37]
    ZHANG Xinyu, DONG Wenyu, DAI Xiaoqin, et al. Responses of absolute and specific soil enzyme activities to long term additions of organic and mineral fertilizer [J]. Sci Total Environ, 2015, 536: 59 − 67.
    [38]
    RAIESI F, BEHESHTI A. Soil specific enzyme activity shows more clearly soil responses to paddy rice cultivation than absolute enzyme activity in primary forests of northwest Iran [J]. Appl Soil Ecol, 2014, 75: 63 − 70.
    [39]
    LIN Cheng, WANG Fei, LI Qinghua, et al. Effects of different fertilizer application strategies on nutrients and enzymatic activities in yellow clayey soil [J]. Soil Fert Sci China, 2009(6): 24 − 27.
    [40]
    BLOOM A, CHAPIN I F S, MOONEY H. Resource limitation in plants--an economic analogy [J]. Ann Rev Ecol Syst, 1985, 16: 363 − 392.
    [41]
    TIAN Hanqin, CHEN Guangsheng, ZHANG Chi, et al. Pattern and variation of C∶N∶P ratios in China’ s soils: a synthesis of observational data [J]. Biogeochemistry, 2010, 98: 139 − 151.
  • 加载中
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Figures(4)  / Tables(4)

Article views(2085) PDF downloads(340) Cited by()

Related
Proportional views

Effect of Larix gmelinii proportion on soil chemical properties and enzymatic stoichiometry in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190525

Abstract:   Objective  The objective of this research is to study the chemical properties and enzyme stoichiometry of soil under different proportions of Larix gmelinii forests.  Method  The investigated L. gmelinii forests were classified into six groups according to its volume proportion in the community (70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%), and its soil samples were monitored for the nutrient content and biochemical properties in 0−5 cm soil layers and 5−20 cm soil layers.  Result  Among the five enzymes analyzed, the activity of acid phosphatase was the highest, and the mean value of 0−5 and 5−20 cm soil layers were 463.74 and 312.91 nmol·g−1·h−1. In 0−5 cm soil layer, the activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) was promoted by the increase of L. gmelinii proportion, and the leucine aminopeptidase activity of L. gmelinii community with 95% proportion significantly increased by 57.44% and 59.40%, compared with that of L. gmelinii community with 75% and 85% proportion. The proportion of L. gmelinii in the community also affected the chemometric characteristics of soil enzymes. When the proportion of L. gmelinii reached 95% in 5−20 cm soil layer, the ratio of nitrogen-acquiring enzyme to phosphorus-acquiring enzyme was much higher than that of L. gmelinii communities with the proportion of 80% and 85% (P95%-80%=0.02, P95%-85%=0.02). However, the ratio of carbon-acquiring enzyme to nitrogen-acquiring enzymewas lowest in forest community with 95% proportion of L. gmelinii. There existed a complex correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content, which also changed with the increase of soil depth. In 0−5 cm soil layer, soil pH negatively correlated with the activities of glucosidase (BG), and acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) (PpH-BG=0.01, PpH-NAG=0.03). In the 5−20 cm soil layer, there existed a positive correlation between soil total nitrogen (TN) content and the activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and NAG (PLAP-TN=0.02, PNAG-TN=2×10−4), and a negative correlation between acid or alkaline phosphatase (AP) and soil total phosphorus (TP) content (PAP-TP=0.02). Through the redundancy analysis of the above variables, it was found that the enzymatic stoichiometry was greatly influenced by soil pH in 0−5 cm layer, while in 5−20 cm layer it was mainly affected by the mass fraction of soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen.  Conclusion  The proportion of L. gmelinii in the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest in warm temperate zone is an important biological factor for regulating soil nutrient dynamics, and its regulation largely relies on the activity and stoichiometric characteristics of soil enzymes. [Ch, 4 fig. 4 tab. 41 ref.]

WANG Bo, ZHOU Zhiyong, ZHANG Huan, ZHU Yong, CAO Yusong, ZHAO Hongtao. Effect of Larix gmelinii proportion on soil chemical properties and enzymatic stoichiometry in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(4): 611-622. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190525
Citation: WANG Bo, ZHOU Zhiyong, ZHANG Huan, ZHU Yong, CAO Yusong, ZHAO Hongtao. Effect of Larix gmelinii proportion on soil chemical properties and enzymatic stoichiometry in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(4): 611-622. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190525
  • 兴安落叶松Larix gmelinii是中国东北地区三大针叶树种之一[1],20世纪70年代成为该地区主要造林树种,但由此也带来了林分结构简单、群落物种多样性降低与森林地力衰退等一系列问题[2]。森林土壤养分含量的增加依赖于地表凋落物[3]和地下有机物的输入,以及微生物进行的分解利用[4],因此,森林生态系统的物质生产能力和树种组成则是调控落叶松林土壤质量与养分利用状态的关键生物因子[5]。研究清楚土壤养分含量及决定其周转的微生物胞外酶的活性随群落中兴安落叶松所占比例的变化动态,对全面衡量东北地区针阔混交林在气候变化情景下的演替趋势具有重要的生态学意义。土壤酶是生化反应的催化剂[6],土壤中生化反应的进行需要酶的参与[7]。土壤酶不仅是检验土壤质量变化的指标[8],也是影响土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)循环的主要限制因子[9]。土壤酶化学计量比反映土壤微生物对养分需求的差别,可以在一定程度上反映土壤养分的有效性[10]。与土壤C、N、P循环相关的酶主要有β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶[β-1,4-glucosidase(BG)]、β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶[β-1,4-N-acetylglucos-aminidase(NAG)]、亮氨酸氨基肽酶[leucine aminopeptidase(LAP)]、酸性磷酸酶[acid or alkaline phosphatase(AP)]、α-纤维素酶[α-cellulases (CBH)],其中BG、CBH与纤维素降解有关,NAG与蛋白质水解有关。有效性氮的升高会导致NAG和LAP活性的降低,提高对其他养分元素分解酶的投入[11],LAP与几丁质和肽聚糖降解有关。AP与有机磷矿化有关。在土壤酶活性的基础上,SINSABAUGH等[12]采用ln(xBG+xCBH)∶ln(xNAG+xLAP)∶ln(xAP) (x为酶活性)表示土壤酶化学计量比对土壤C∶N∶P化学计量比和土壤C、N、P循环的影响。土壤C∶N∶P化学计量比与土壤C、N、P循环有关[13],土壤化学计量比可以反映土壤元素调节机制[14],进而对植物生长和生理机能进行调控。前人研究大多集中在不同林龄、不同林型对土壤理化性质、土壤化学计量比等方面,例如:随林龄的增加,土壤C∶P、N∶P增大,P成为限制因子[15]。土壤微生物通过分泌胞外酶从土壤中获取需要的养分[16],土壤微生物数量随林龄增大而降低[17]。华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii-白桦Betula platyphylla混交林土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷含量高于华北落叶松纯林[18],但对华北落叶松所占不同比例的针阔混交林的土壤酶化学计量比的研究较少。土壤中C、N、P等养分的有效性主要取决于与其矿化相关的水解酶的强弱。有研究表明:微生物胞外酶活性[8]及其化学计量比[12]是衡量土壤微生物和森林生态系统功能的重要生化指标。在森林生态系统中,土壤理化性质[19]、土壤酶活性[20]、土壤微生物群落结构及其功能[21]和土壤养分有效性[22]又受到树种组成的影响。尽管大兴安岭地区森林群落结构相对简单,但其优势树种兴安落叶松和白桦在物质生产能力、凋落物性状等方面存在较大的差异,随着群落中兴安落叶松所占比例的变化,量化不同群落的土壤养分状况、土壤酶活性及其生态计量比,并以此为基础探讨兴安落叶松所占比例与土壤生化性状间的内在驱动机理,为客观了解东北地区寒温带针阔混交林的演替趋势提供理论依据。

  • 研究区域位于内蒙古自治区根河市根河国家湿地森林公园(50°25′30″~51°17′00″N,120°41′30″~122°42′30″E), 属寒温带大陆性气候,昼夜温差大,冬长夏短,年平均气温−5.3 ℃。土壤为酸性棕色针叶林土,土层浅,砾石含量高,且存在永冻层[23],年降水量为450.0 ~550.0 mm[24]。主要乔木为兴安落叶松、白桦。主要灌木为红豆越橘Vaccinium vitis-idaea、山刺玫Rosa davurica、杜香Ledum palustre、兴安杜鹃Rhododendron dauricum、笃斯越橘Vaccinium uliginosum等。主要草本为鹿蹄草Pyrola calliantha、地榆Sanguisorba officinalis、山芹Ostericum sieboldii等。

  • 2018年7月,为研究东北地区退化森林演替规律,在50°56.662 5′~51°00.748 3′N的范围,从北向南,按照兴安落叶松的长势,对该区域林龄相近的兴安落叶松群落进行了调查。每个地点调查3个20 m×20 m样方,样方之间间距为20 m。对布设样地进行了每木检尺,测量了群落内胸径大于5 cm乔木的胸径、树高、冠幅,以及灌木、草本的盖度、株数、高度等信息。按《中国立木材积表》计算每个森林群落内的树木材积所占比例,并按兴安落叶松占整个群落的材积比(70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%)把调查样地分为了6个梯度,每个样方内挖取3个剖面,取0~5、5~20 cm土样,并在实验室过2 mm筛。一部分风干测定土壤理化性质,一部分冷冻保存测定土壤酶活性和微生物量。

    采用96微孔酶标板荧光分析法测定β-1,4-葡糖苷酶(BG)、α-纤维素酶(CBH)、β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、酸性磷酸酶(AP)活性[25]。称取1 g鲜土放在1 000 mL烧杯中,加入125 mL 50 mmol·L−1的醋酸钠缓冲液(pH=5), 涡旋振荡1 min, 使用移液器向96微孔酶标板中分别对应加入250 μL缓冲液、200 μL土壤匀浆样品、50 μL标物、50 μL底物。在培养箱以25 ℃黑暗条件下培养4 h 后,加入10 μL 1 mol·L−1的氢氧化钠终止反应。采用多功能酶标仪(Spectramax 190) 测定其荧光度。

    根据《土壤农业化学分析方法》测定土壤理化性质[26]。土壤pH用pH计测定(mm=1.0∶2.5);土壤有机碳(SOC)采用高温外热重铬酸钾氧化容量法测定,使用硫酸亚铁溶液滴定;全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AHN)使用凯氏定氮仪测定;全磷(TP)采用高氯酸-硫酸(HClO4-H2SO4)消煮-钼锑抗比色法测定;易氧化碳(EOOC)采用高锰酸钾氧化法测定;土壤微生物量的测定采用氯仿熏蒸浸提法[26-27]

  • 数据统计在R 3.5.3中完成, 使用R 3.5.3和SigmaPlot 12.5软件作图。土壤酶化学计量比采用ln(xBG+xCBH)∶ln(xNAG+xLAP)∶ln(xAP)(x为酶活性)表示。采用Pearson相关性分析土壤酶活性、土壤酶化学计量比与土壤理化性质之间的关系。采用Canoco 5软件进行冗余分析(RDA)。

  • 0~5 cm土层各梯度间AP、NAG、BG、CBH活性均无显著差异,兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落LAP活性比兴安落叶松比例为75%和85%的群落显著提高57.44%和59.40%。5~20 cm土层各梯度间AP、NAG、BG、CBH、LAP活性均无显著差异。5种酶活性中AP酶活性最高,0~5与5~20 cm土层均值分别为463.74和312.91 nmol·g−1·h−1(图1)。

    Figure 1.  Soil enzymatic activity in different L. gmelinii stands

    0~5 cm土层土壤酶化学计量比C∶N、土壤酶化学计量比C∶P、土壤酶化学计量比N∶P均无显著变化。5~20 cm土层土壤酶化学计量比C∶P无显著差异,土壤酶化学计量比C∶N随兴安落叶松所占比例的增加先增加后降低,且兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落显著低于兴安落叶松比例为80%和85%的群落(P95%-80%=0.030, P95%-85%=0.030)。土壤酶化学计量比N∶P随兴安落叶松所占比例的增加先降低后增加,且兴安落叶松比例为70%和95%的群落显著高于兴安落叶松比例为80%、85%的群落(P70%-80%=0.020, P70%-85%=0.020, P95%-80%=0.020, P95%-85%=0.020) (图2)。

    Figure 2.  Soil ecoenzymatic activity stoichiometry in different L. gmelinii stands

  • 0~5 cm土层各梯度之间土壤微生物量碳(MBC)无显著差异,兴安落叶松比例为80%的群落MBC质量分数最低,最低值为525.10 mg·kg−1;兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落MBC质量分数最高,最大值为1 035.80 mg·kg−1。5~20 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落MBC质量分数显著高于兴安落叶松比例为80%的群落(P95%-80%=0.040)。0~5 cm土层各梯度之间微生物量氮(MBN)无显著差异,兴安落叶松比例为80%的群落MBN质量分数最低,最低值为68.73 mg·kg−1;兴安落叶松比例为90%的群落MBN质量分数最高,最大值为140.72 mg·kg−1。5~20 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落MBN显著高于兴安落叶松比例为80%和85% 的群落(P95%-80%=0.002, P95%-85%=0.040) (图3)。总体上看,土壤微生物量随兴安落叶松所占比例的增加呈现先增加后降低再增加的趋势。

    Figure 3.  Soil microbial indexes in different L. gmelinii stands

  • 表1表2显示:0~5与5~20 cm土层各梯度之间土壤pH无显著差异。5~20 cm 土层,兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落土壤有机碳(SOC)质量分数显著高于兴安落叶松比例为85%的群落(P95%-85%=0.030)。5~20 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落全氮(TN)质量分数显著高于其他兴安落叶松群落(P95%-70%=0.001, P95%-75%=0.007, P95%-80%=9×10−4, P95%-85%=0.001, P95%-90%=0.001)。0~5 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落土壤全磷(TP)质量分数显著高于兴安落叶松比例为70%、80%、85%、90%的群落(P95%-70%=0.050, P95%-80%=0.001, P95%-85%=0.030, P95%-90%=0.040),兴安落叶松比例为75%的群落土壤TP质量分数显著高于兴安落叶松比例为80%的群落(P75%-80%=0.050)。5~20 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落TP质量分数显著低于兴安落叶松比例为80%的群落(P95%-80%=0.010)。5~20 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落易氧化碳(EOOC)质量分数显著高于兴安落叶松比例为70%的群落(P95%-70%=0.010)。0~5与5~20 cm土层各梯度之间碱解氮(AHN)和土壤C∶N均无显著差异。0~5 cm土壤N∶P随兴安落叶松所占比例的变化呈现先降低后增加再降低的趋势,兴安落叶松比例为80%的群落显著高于兴安落叶松比例为95%、75%的群落(P80%-95%=0.010, P80%-75%=0.030),5~20 cm土层土壤N∶P与5~20 cm土层 TP变化规律相反,兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落土壤N∶P显著高于兴安落叶松比例为70%、80%、85%的群落(P95%-70%=0.020, P95%-80%=0.003, P95%-85%=0.003)。5~20 cm土壤C∶P呈现先增加后降低再增加的趋势,兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落显著高于兴安落叶松比例为70%、80%、85%的群落(P95%-70%=0.030, P95%-80%=0.006, P95%-85%=0.005)。

    兴安落叶松比例/%pHSOC/(g·kg−1)TN/(g·kg−1)TP/(g·kg−1)EOOC/(g·kg−1)AHN/(g·kg−1)C∶NN∶PC∶P
    704.69 a107.96 a3.66 a0.65 bcd49.65 a0.21 a29.18 a5.55 ab163.20 a
    754.95 a109.71 a3.85 a0.90 ac33.27 a0.26 a28.68 a4.23 b119.92 a
    805.15 a85.06 a3.43 a0.52 d33.16 a0.29 a24.98 a6.75 a174.83 a
    855.08 a91.11 a3.68 a0.72 bcd42.26 a0.66 a25.43 a5.10 ab127.20 a
    904.80 a87.56 a3.53 a0.69 bcd32.70 a0.32 a23.67 a5.23 ab122.32 a
    954.70 a126.63 a4.32 a1.09 a42.34 a0.32 a29.82 a3.98 b115.48 a
      说明:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)

    Table 1.  Soil chemical properties in the depth of 0−5 cm of in different L. gmelinii stands

    兴安落叶松比例/%pHSOC/(g·kg−1)TN/(g·kg−1)TP/(g·kg−1)EOOC/(g·kg−1)AHN/(g·kg−1)C∶NN∶PC∶P
    705.15 a47.21 ab1.41 b0.50 ab9.16 a0.14 a33.45 a2.80 b94.38 b
    755.06 a45.44 ab1.70 b0.26 ab15.40 ab0.13 a26.76 a15.07 ab369.03 ab
    805.45 a35.33 ab1.57 b0.47 b14.33 ab0.16 a22.36 a3.42 b76.97 b
    855.21 a29.40 b1.59 b0.57 ab14.15 ab0.21 a18.86 a2.82 b51.29 b
    904.88 a38.16 ab1.58 b0.14 ab13.97 ab0.16 a24.73 a26.18 ab294.67 ab
    954.93 a55.37 a2.74 a0.08 a25.23 b0.21 a20.18 a39.06 a779.56 a
      说明:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)

    Table 2.  Soil chemical properties in the depth of 0−5 cm of in different L. gmelinii stands

  • RDA排序图结果(图4)显示:0~5 cm土层第1轴和第2轴的解释变量分别为30.03%和12.86%(图4A),土壤pH(F=2.7,P=0.040)是土壤酶活性和酶化学计量比的显著影响因子。5~20 cm土层第1轴和第2轴的解释变量分别为42.86%和17.17%(图4B),土壤TN(F=8.9,P=0.002)和AHN(F=10.1,P=0.034)是土壤酶活性和酶化学计量比的显著影响因子。表3表4中土壤微生物量和酶活性与土壤理化性质之间相关性分析表明:在0~5 cm土层,土壤BG、CBH与AP,土壤NAG、LAP与AP呈显著正相关(PBG-AP=0.001, PCBH-AP=3×10−4, PNAG-AP=8×10−4, PLAP-AP=1×10−5) (表3)。5~20 cm土层土壤MBC、MBN与SOC、TN、EOOC、CBH、NAG、AP、LAP显著正相关(PMBC-SOC=0.020, PMBC-TN=2×10−4, PMBC-EOOC=2×10−4, PMBC-CBH=0.050, PMBC-NAG=0.020, PMBC-AP=0.050, PMBC-LAP=0.010, PMBN-SOC=0.010, PMBN-TN=4×10−7, PMBN-EOOC=3×10−6, PMBN-CBH=0.020, PMBN-NAG=3×10−4, PMBN-AP=0.003, PMBN-LAP=0.030) (表4)。0~5 cm土层BG、NAG与pH呈显著负相关(PpH-BG=−0.010, PpH-NAG=−0.030)。5~20 cm土层 LAP、NAG与TN呈显著正相关(PLAP-TN=0.020, PNAG-TN=2×10−4)。AP与TP呈显著负相关(PAP-TP=−0.020)。5~20 cm土层土壤酶化学计量比C∶N与土壤N∶P、C∶P呈显著负相关(PSES(C∶N)-N∶P=−2×10−4, PSES(C∶N)-C∶P=−4×10−4),土壤酶化学计量比N∶P与土壤N∶P、土壤C∶P呈显著正相关(PSES(N∶P)-N∶P=0.007, PSES(N∶P)-C∶P=0.005)。

    指标MBC∶MBNC∶PN∶PC∶NSES(N∶P)SES(C∶P)SES(C∶N)AHNEOOCLAP
    SOC 0.11 0.36 −0.09 0.64** 0.37 −0.25 −0.44* 0.06 0.60** 0.21
    pH −0.53* −0.23 0.14 −0.43 −0.41 −0.29 0.21 0.09 −0.22 −0.29
    MBC 0.11 −0.05 −0.30 0.30 0.33 −0.13 −0.36 −0.02 0.15 0.30
    MBN −0.35 −0.07 −0.36 0.36 0.22 −0.31 −0.36 0.03 0.11 0.05
    TN 0.27 0.09 0.10 0.03 0.30 −0.28 −0.41 0.25 0.75*** 0.15
    TP 0.03 −0.37 −0.68** 0.34 0.29 −0.20 −0.33 0.11 0.41 0.36
    BG 0.64** −0.05 −0.09 0.01 0.24 0.49* 0.04 0.11 0.19 0.67**
    CBH 0.21 −0.18 −0.30 0.07 0.03 0.26 0.09 −0.17 −0.07 0.72***
    NAG 0.44 −0.07 −0.22 0.18 0.73*** −0.12 −0.69*** −0.04 0.26 0.63**
    AP 0.28 −0.10 −0.21 0.09 0.13 −0.15 −0.20 −0.03 0.23 0.81***
    LAP 0.49* −0.12 −0.27 0.13 0.16 0.12 −0.08 −0.28 −0.10
    EOOC 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.21 −0.19 −0.28 0.45*
    AHN −0.11 −0.13 0.03 −0.17 0.02 0.05 0.00
    SES(C∶N) −0.04 −0.11 −0.05 −0.13 −0.86*** 0.49*
    SES(C∶P) 0.46* −0.10 −0.06 −0.09 0.02
    SES(N∶P) 0.32 0.03 −0.02 0.10
    C∶N −0.19 0.51* −0.23
    N∶P 0.15 0.71***
    C∶P 0.01
    指标 AP NAG CBH BG TP TN MBN MBC pH
    SOC 0.35 0.48* 0.04 0.23 0.69 *** 0.78 *** 0.49* 0.59** −0.64**
    pH −0.30 −0.50* −0.15 −0.54* −0.40 −0.44 −0.21 -0.50*
    MBC 0.46* 0.46* 0.23 0.27 0.64** 0.51* 0.88***
    MBN 0.27 0.24 0.10 −0.05 0.58** 0.33
    TN 0.38 0.43 −0.02 0.27 0.62**
    TP 0.44 0.51* 0.24 0.23
    BG 0.66** 0.62** 0.49*
    CBH 0.73*** 0.33
    NAG 0.69***
      说明:土壤酶化学计量比用SES表示,*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001

    Table 3.  Peaeson correlation between soil enzymes, ecoenzymate stoichiometry and physicochemical properties in the depth of 0−5 cm of in different L. gmelinii stands

    Figure 4.  0−5 (A) and 5−20 cm(B) redundancy analysis of soil enzyme activities and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry

    指标MBC∶MBNC∶PN∶PC∶NSES(N∶P)SES(C∶P)SES(C∶N)AHNEOOCLAP
    SOC −0.33 0.53* 0.48* 0.58** 0.54* 0.10 −0.39 −0.02 0.55* 0.44*
    pH 0.34 −0.65** −0.59** −0.02 −0.53* 0.23 0.58** 0.15 −0.37 −0.46*
    MBC −0.13 0.77*** 0.76*** −0.15 0.59** −0.26 −0.66** 0.26 0.74*** 0.55*
    MBN −0.56* 0.83*** 0.85*** −0.20 0.58** −0.20 −0.60** 0.16 0.85*** 0.50*
    TN −0.42 0.77*** 0.81*** −0.30 0.52* −0.30 −0.61** 0.41 0.91*** 0.53*
    TP 0.14 −0.90*** −0.88*** 0.15 −0.50* 0.40 0.66** −0.24 −0.59** −0.32
    BG −0.15 0.21 0.23 −0.17 0.24 0.46* 0.08 −0.31 0.48* 0.08
    CBH −0.14 0.44 0.50* −0.28 0.42 −0.23 −0.49* 0.64** 0.59** 0.15
    NAG −0.32 0.70*** 0.75*** −0.26 0.71*** −0.17 −0.67** 0.19 0.64** 0.28
    AP −0.25 0.53* 0.60** −0.40 0.36 −0.29 −0.48* 0.30 0.59** 0.30
    LAP −0.15 0.31 0.31 −0.05 0.33 −0.26 −0.43 0.13 0.45*
    EOOC −0.37 0.73*** 0.74*** −0.28 0.43 −0.05 −0.39 0.18
    AHN 0.10 0.17 0.25 −0.37 0.01 −0.63** −0.38
    SES(C∶N) 0.15 −0.71*** −0.74*** 0.13 −0.79*** 0.59**
    SES(C∶P) 0.07 −0.37 −0.44 0.40 0.02
    SES(N∶P) −0.15 0.60** 0.58** 0.11
    C∶N 0.03 −0.14 −0.23
    N∶P −0.37 0.99***
    C∶P −0.33
    指标 AP NAG CBH BG TP TN MBN MBC pH
    SOC 0.21 0.38 0.30 0.15 −0.42 0.59** 0.56** 0.51* −0.4
    pH −0.27 −0.35 −0.14 −0.10 0.62** −0.39 −0.62** −0.68**
    MBC 0.45* 0.53* 0.45* 0.21 −0.73*** 0.74*** 0.85***
    MBN 0.63** 0.73*** 0.51* 0.42 −0.68*** 0.88***
    TN 0.69*** 0.75*** 0.69*** 0.35 −0.64**
    TP −0.53* −0.62** −0.41 −0.19
    BG 0.67** 0.61** 0.36
    CBH 0.75*** 0.70***
    NAG 0.86***
      说明:土壤酶化学计量比用SES表示,*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001

    Table 4.  Peaeson correlation between soil enzymes, ecoenzymate stoichiometry and physicochemical properties in the depth of 5−20 cm of in different L. gmelinii stands

  • 土壤SOC、TN、微生物量、酶活性均随兴安落叶松所占比例的变化而发生改变,这是因为兴安落叶松所占比例的变化改变了林分环境,进而影响了凋落物的输入、土壤微生物量以及土壤理化性质,从而改变土壤酶的活性[28]。植物凋落物作为土壤主要的有机碳源,通过微生物转化为腐殖质[29]。随着兴安落叶松所占比例的改变,兴安落叶松比例为80%、85%的群落SOC质量分数较低而pH较高,这是因为土壤pH的变化与有机质分解过程中产生的H+多少有关[30],改变了微生物酶活性,进而影响凋落物的分解。有机物中的磷需要在土壤微生物和磷酸酶作用下转化为无机磷才可被植物吸收利用[31],但本研究发现:0~5 cm土层AP活性与TP质量分数无关,5~20 cm土层AP酶活性随TP质量分数增加而降低,且AP活性在5种酶中最高。由于AP酶活性与有效磷呈显著负相关[32],说明研究地区土壤可能缺乏有效磷。前人研究表明:当全磷为0.8~1.0 g·kg−1时,土壤可能会出现供磷不足[33],且由于研究地区土壤呈酸性,磷会形成难溶的磷酸铁(FePO4)和磷酸铝(AlPO4), 从而降低有效磷含量[28]。虽然研究地区土壤TP质量分数普遍低于0.8 g·kg−1,但研究地区是否缺磷还需要结合土壤化学计量比进一步探讨。

    土壤微生物量的多少与土壤养分以及有机质密切相关[34-35],有机物分解也受到土壤酶活性与土壤微生物量等的影响[36]。在兴安落叶松所占比例不同的针阔混交林中,0~5 cm土层SOC、TN、EOOC和AHN质量分数均无显著变化,0~5 cm土层由于各梯度之间EOOC和AHN无显著变化,微生物量随兴安落叶松所占比例的改变无显著变化。5~20 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落,土壤SOC、TN、EOOC和AHN质量分数达最大值,此时土壤微生物量也达最大值。前人发现:土壤酶活性与土壤微生物和土壤环境密切相关[37],NAG酶活性随微生物量增加而增大[38]。本研究发现:在5~20 cm土层土壤微生物量与CBH、NAG、LAP呈显著正相关,说明在5~20 cm土层,随落兴安叶松所占比例的变化,土壤微生物量与土壤碳氮养分以及土壤微生物量与土壤碳氮酶活性变化具有趋同性。

  • 土壤酶化学计量可以衡量微生物对养分的需求情况[14]。本研究结果表明:5~20 cm土层TN、AHN是影响土壤酶活性的显著因子,相关性分析也证明了5~20 cm土层土壤酶化学计量比N∶P和土壤酶化学计量比C∶P与TN呈显著正相关。研究发现:5~20 cm土层土壤酶化学计量比C∶N与土壤酶化学计量比N∶P变化规律相反,表明随兴安落叶松所占比例的变化,氮元素成为土壤微生物的限制因素。相关性分析显示:0~5 cm土层土壤酶化学计量比与土壤化学计量比均无显著相关性,表明0~5 cm土层土壤酶化学计量关系比较复杂,与多种因素有关。

    本研究区域中,仅有5~20 cm土层土壤酶化学计量比N∶P与土壤N∶P呈显著正相关,土壤酶化学计量比C∶N与土壤N∶P和土壤C∶P显著负相关,表明土壤酶化学计量和土壤化学计量比之间存在差异,进一步证实了土壤酶化学计量和土壤化学计量比结果不一致的结论[14]。这是因为土壤化学计量反映的是土壤养分状况而非微生物可利用养分的状况,而土壤酶化学计量比既受到土壤微生物和土壤养分元素的影响,还受到有效性碳氮磷的调控[39]。RDA分析也表明:5~20 cm土层土壤酶化学计量比受到TN、AHN的影响,进一步证实了上述观点。

  • 全球尺度上,土壤ln(xCBH+xBG)∶ln(xNAG+xLAP)∶ln(xAP) = 1∶1∶1[12]( x为酶活性)。兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落上下土层土壤酶化学计量比C∶N均小于1,这表明林地受到氮元素的限制。0~5和5~20 cm土层土壤酶化学计量比C∶P、土壤酶化学计量比N∶P均小于1,这表明研究地区普遍缺乏微生物可利用的有效磷。5~20 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为95%、70% 时土壤酶化学计量比N∶P显著高于80%与85%,这表明兴安落叶松比例为80%与85%的群落AP酶活性较高,有效磷元素相对缺乏。因为当土壤养分利用率较低时,土壤微生物增加了相应酶的活性,以提高有效氮和有效磷等养分的供应,这与BLOOM等[40]认为微生物会将其资源最优地分配给获取最有限的资源观点相一致。

    0~5 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为70%、80%群落的土壤C∶P大于中国土壤C∶P(136),土壤N∶P低于中国土壤N∶P(9.3)[41],这说明兴安落叶松比例为70%、80%的群落缺乏磷元素,5~20 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为75%、90%、95%的群落土壤N∶P、C∶P高于中国土壤N∶P(9.3)、土壤C∶P(136)[41],表明兴安落叶松比例为75%、90%、95%的群落普遍存在磷元素的限制。

  • 在兴安落叶松所占比例不同的针阔混交林中5种酶中AP酶活性最高。兴安落叶松比例不同的群落所受的限制因子存在差异,0~5 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为70%、90%的群落、5~20 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为75%、90%、95%的群落受到TP限制。5~20 cm土层兴安落叶松比例为80%、85%的群落可能受到土壤有效磷限制。兴安落叶松比例为95%的群落上下层均受到土壤有效氮的限制。0~5和5~20 cm土壤酶化学计量比与全球土壤酶化学计量比标准值1∶1∶1有所偏离,0~5 cm土层土壤酸碱度是影响土壤酶化学计量比的关键因子,而在5~20 cm土层,则主要受到土壤全氮和有效氮质量分数的影响。由此可见,暖温带针阔混交林中兴安落叶松所占比例是调控土壤养分动态的一个重要生物因子,而其调控作用的发挥则主要依赖于土壤中酶的活性及其化学计量特征。

  • 感谢内蒙古农业大学张秋良教授、内蒙古大兴安岭森林生态系统国家级野外研究站张广亮技术员、根河林业局于海俊先生,以及张欢、朱雍、曹雨松、郭金粲等同志的帮助。

Reference (41)

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return